Pyroptosis is a way of programmed cell death which is newly discovered in recent years. Animal studies have shown that pyroptosis is involved in the occurrence and development of brain injury from various causes. Inhibition of pyroptosis plays a protective role in the nervous system in animal models by reducing the neurological symptoms. Pyroptosis may provide a target for clinical treatment of neonatal brain injury. This paper reviews pyroptosis's mechanism and its role in the pathogenesis in brain injury in various conditions for a better understanding of neonatal brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the clinical significance of target biopsy in clinical diagnosis, and accurate pathologic specimen acquisition of laryngeal lesion by using narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopy. METHOD: A total of 156 cases of patients with laryngeal lesions were collected from the department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of Tianjin Union Medical Center from Aug 2012 to Dec 2014. All patients were randomly divided into regular biopsy group and NBI target biopsy group. Image data were recorded and the patients' samples were biopsied. The pathologic diagnosis was used to evaluate the accuracy of regular biopsy and target biopsy. RESULT: Based on the pathologic diagnosis, the correct accurate pathologic specimen acquisition rates in NBI target pathology group at stage 0 (Tis), stage I and stage II laryngeal cancer diagnosis compliance rate were higher than those in regular biopsy group, stage 0 (Tis) (χ² = 22.00, P < 0.05), stage I (χ² = 8.33, P < 0.05) and stage II (χ² = 4.55, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NBI endoscopy plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis and accurate pathologic specimen acquisition of laryngeal carcinoma and can be a regular means to detect laryngeal lesions in clinical.
Biopsy ; methods ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Larynx ; pathology ; Narrow Band Imaging ; Neoplasm Staging

OBJECTIVE To study the application of narrow-band imaging in diagnosis of the nasopharyngeal malignant lesions. METHODS A total of 52 cases of nasopharyngeal malignant lesions were examined and diagnosed by white and NBI endoscopy between June 2014 and August 2015, and their diagnosis efficacies were evaluated based on pathological diagnosis as a gold standard. RESULTS Of 52 cases, 46 cases were malignant lesion(88.46%) and 6 were non malignant lesion(11.54%). The diagnostic accuracy by NBI for the nasopharyngeal malignant lesions was 86.54%(45/52), which was significantly higher than that of white light 69.23%(36/52, χ2=4.522, P<0.05). The sensitivity of NBI and white light to detect nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 97.83%(45/46) and 78.26%(36/46) respectively(χ2=8.364, P<0.05). CONCLUSION NBI has high application value in diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and is expected to become one of the important means to diagnosis of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the effect of high viral loads(HBV DNA concentration in blood ＞2.0 copy/ml)on the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus in mothers with HBV DNA positivity.Method Forty pregnant women with HBV DNA positivity were divided randomly.double-blindly into 2 groups:at 28 weeks of pregnancy,one group received oral lamivudine(100 mg/d)and the other received oral placebo.The serum HBV DNA loads were tested at 28 and 40 weeks'gestation in mothers,and serum HBV DNA,HBsAg,HBeAg and anti-HBs were examined in infants at 12 month follow up.Result Thirtynine infants finished(one twins)the follow up,and 2 infants lost(5%).Among them 4 infants were confirmed to be HBV infection(10%,4/39),2 in the treatment group(10%,2/20)and 2 in the control group(11%,2/19)(P＞0.05).The serum HBV DNA levels of 40 weeks'gestation in the treatment group,compared with the levels of 28 weeks'gestation in the treatment group and 40 weeks'gestation in the control group,showed a significant decline(P＜0.01).The HBV DNA levels of the mothers whose infants were infected,were(3.1±3.4) copy/ml,(3.1±3.2) copy/ml during 28 and 40 weeks'gestation,and for mothers whose infants were non-infected,the levels were(3.4±2.2) copy/ml,(2.6±1.5) copy/ml respectively(P＞0.05).The mean values of anti-HBs of 18 infants in the treatment group showed no significant difference as compared to 17 infants in the control group,(594±416)U/L vs (458±398) U/L (P＞0.05).Conclusion The pregnant women's HBV DNA loads could be obviously decreased from high viral loads (HBV DNA concentrations in blood＞2.0 copy/ml)after they take lamivudine from 36 weeks'gestation.But it might not reduce the maternal-fetal vertical transmission of HBV infection.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of inositol hexaphosphate on diffe-rentiation of HT-29 human colon carcinoma cell line. Method Cells were exposed to various concentrations (control,1.8 mmol/L,3.3 mmol/L) of IP6 for different time (1d,3d,5d). Its effects on the cells were evaluated by detecting follow indices:(1) Observing ultrastructure of HT-29 cells by transmission electron microscopy. (2) Detecting alkaline phosphate (ALP) activity to evaluate cell differentiation. (3) Expression of c-Myc mRNA was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). (4) Immunocytochemical stain was used to detect expression of Rb protein. Results (1) After having been treated at 3.3mmol/L concentration,the cell structure changed,and appeared tendency of differentiation,such as karyopyknosis,abundant cellular organs and microvillus increase. (2) The activity of alkaline phosphate increased along with the concentration and time. (3) RT-PCR showed that different concentrations of IP6 decreased the expression of c-Myc mRNA. (4) The immunocytochemical stain showed that different concentrations of IP6 increased expression of Rb protein. Conclusion IP6 can induce differentiation of HT-29 cell by augmenting expression of Rb,decreasing expression of c-Myc and blocking cell cycle.

Objective: To examine the effect of artificial fiber complexes (AFC) on growth and RBC membrane fluidity in comparison with three single fibers. Methods: 48 healthy, female Wistar rats (50-80 g) were randomly divided into 6 groups based on body weight. All five kinds of DF (cellulose, pectin, sodium alginate, cellulose pectin complex, cellulose sodium alginate complex) were given at a level of 10% in a lipid rich diet. The control group was fed lipid rich diet alone without DF. After 8 weeks, the effect on growth and development, lipid peroxidation, RBC membrane fluidity were studied. Results: 1.All DF groups did not affect the growth and development of the rats. 2.The fecal weight and its fat content in all DF groups were significantly higher than that in control group, especially for AFC group.3. All kinds of DF could increase serum SOD and GSH Px activities and reduce MDA content (except cellulose and sodium alginate group). RBC membrane fluidity was significantly increased in DF groups, and AFC groups were the most effective. Conclusion: All these kinds of DF have the effect of increasing RBC membrane fluidity, and AFC is the best.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of severe ulcerative colitis(UC)and to find the factors related to treatment and outcome.Methods Forty one hospitalized patients with UC during 1988-2004 were retrospectively reviewed.Data were recorded including the onset,symptoms,signs, laboratory,endoscopic,radiologic and pathologic findings,as well as the processes of clinical treatment. The patients who undergone surgery were also analysed.Results Forty one of 144(28.5%)hospital ized patients were suffered from severe UC,and among them 92.7%(38/41)had pancolitis.The patients who had first onset,chronic persistent,chronic recurrent type were account for 36.9%(15/41),36.9%(15/41) and 26.8%(11/41),respectively.The steroids treatment played the main role in the inducing remission of severe UC(61.0%).Thirty one cases(75.6%)could be relieved by drug therapy.Seven cases(17.1%) were progressed to have operation.The age of early onset,pancolitis,low hemoglobin and serum albumin levels and need of intravenous steroids treatment were associated with the need of surgery.Conclusions Most of the severe UC patients respond well to the medical therapy,but for some non-responding or steroids depending individuals,after a reasonable duration of treatment,surgery should be considered.

Objective To investigate the role of TGF-? 1 and -? 2 in the pathogenesis of scleroderma(SD) and the relationship between this kind of cytokines and the clinical types of SD. Methods The TGF-? 1 and -? 2 mRNA and protein expressions in lesions of 17 patients with SD and 10 normal controls were detected using in situ RT-PCR technique and immunohistochemistry SP assay respectively. Results ①The positive rate and the expression strength of TGF-? 1 mRNA expression in the SD group were much higher than those in control group. There was no difference in TGF-? 1 mRNA expression between the localized SD and SSc patients. ②The positive rate and expression strength of TGF-? 1 and -? 2 proteins in SD group were much higher than those in control group. There was no difference in TGF-? 1 and -? 2 protein expressions between localized SD and SSc cases. Conclusion ①The positive rate and expression strength of TGF-? 1 mRNA in SD patients increased, which implied that TGF-? 1 mRNA may play an important role in fibrosis of SD. ②The positive rate and expression strength of TGF-? 1 and -? 2 proteins were more elevated in SD,which suggested that TGF-? 1 and -? 2 proteins were associated with skin fibrosis of SD. ③There was no relationship between the expression of TGF-? 1 and TGF-? 2 mRNA or proteins and the clinical types of SD, which indicated that there may be a similar pathogenesis for localized SD and SSc.

Objective To evaluate an ideal way to prepare the extracellular matrix of urethra. Methods An orthogonal design [L9(34)] was used in the experiment.Urethras were obtained from 37 rabbits,among which 27 segments were randomly selected and were decellularized following the orthogonal design in 9 groups.The whole experiments were repeated for 3 times.After the decellularization process,the acellularity of the ECM was examined by haematoxylin-eosin staining.The optimum way was found out through comparing the numbers of the remained cellular elements by computer image analysis.An ideal way was found by statistic analysis.Then the ECM was obtained from 10 pieces of urethras by the optimum methods.The scanning electronic microscopy was used to confirm the decellulary matrix.Subsequently,the ECM was used as a graft for replacement. In 10 rabbits,the urethral defect were replaced with the urethral ECMs. At sacrifice,10 days,3 weeks,6 weeks and 24 weeks,the grafts was taken out,and the regeneration was confirmed by the haematoxylin-eosin staining. Results ECM resulting from different dedellularization process in the urethras are different in the numbers of remaining cellular elements.There are no cellular elements in the 7th and the 9th group of the tissues.The cellular elements was not found by the scanning electronic microscopy in the ECM getting from the optimum methods.In the animals with replacement,histologic examination showed complete regeneration 24 weeks post operation. Conclusions The best way to prepare the ECM of urethra is A 3B 2C 3.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between Mutans streptococci (MS) transmission from mothers to children and its initial adherence properties.Methods:200 MS isolates were genotypied by AP-PCR to demonstrate transmission between 20 pairs of mother and child aged 3~4 years, and to detect the transmitted strains and non-transmitted strains of mothers. Then the adherence of the strains to salivary coated hydroxyapatite beads (SHA) were determined by 3H- thymidine incorperation assay.A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) study of the different regions(spap-a,spap-pv)of the spap were undertaken by endonuclease haeⅢ and AluⅠrespectively. Results:The transmitted strains showed weaker adherence properties than the non-transmitted strains (P