Objective To investigate the relationship of the level of serum C-peptide(C-P)with albumin-to-creatinine ratio(ACR)and nerve conduction velocity(NCV)in patients with T2DM.Methods The study included 132 patients with T2DM and 30 healthy controls.The NCV,ACR,fasting C-P and C-P at 2hOGTT(FC-P and 2hC-P)and plasma glucose(PG)were measured.The patients were separated into three groups of Ⅰ(45 cases),Ⅱ(52 cases)and Ⅲ(35 cases).The patients were further classified into two groups of normal NCV(70 cases)and abnormal NCV(62 cases).Results ①The differences of FC-P and 2hC-P among the ACR groups were significant(all P<0.05).②The ACR was correlated with course,2hC-P,2hPG significantly(all P<0.01).The sequence of the impact degree on ACR was from course(Beta:0.592)to 2hC-P(Beta:-0.297)and to 2hPG(Beta:0.201).③The levels of serum 2hC-P were significantly and gradually decreased in the groups of NCV(P<0.01).④The serum 2hC-P concentration was associated with ACR and NCV in different stages(P<0.01).Conclusions ①The level of serum C-P is tightly correlated with the vascular and neural dysfunction in T2DM.②Course,2hPG and 2hC-P may be the risk factors for ACR

Adult ; Alkanesulfonic Acids ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; chemically induced

Objective To investigate the susceptibility of amphotericin B,itroconazol and voriconazole against filamentous fungi.Methods Etest was used to determine the MIC of amphotericin B, itroconazol and voriconazole against filamentous fungi including Aspergillus,Penicillium,Alternaria alternate,Mucor and Rhizopus species.Results The average MIC of voriconazol,amphotericin B and itroconazol against Aspergillus fumiagtus is O.29 ?g/ml,1.16 ?g/ml and 5.88 ?g/ml;the average MIC of amphotericin B and voriconazol to Aspergillus flavus is 6.39 ?g/ml and 0.22 ?g/ml;the average MIC of voriconazol,amphotericin B and itroconazol against Aspergillus niger is 0.69,2.31,and 19.75 ?g/ ml.Most of Penicillium are susceptable to amphotericin B,but 3 strains showed very high MIC to voriconazol and itroconazol.Both of the testing strains of Mucor and Rhizopus were resistant to all of the three antifungal agents.Conclusion Amphotericin B,itroconazol and voriconazole possessed different susceptibility on different types of filamentous fungi.It is important for clinical laboratories to identify the filamentous fungi to the level of genus and species to help physicians choose antifungal agents correctly.

Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Tyrosinemias ; diagnosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo probe the effect of Zuogui pill (ZGP), a Chinese compound recipe for tonifying Shen, on ovarian function in mice with premature ovarian failure (POF).

METHODSBALB/C female mice model of POF was established by multiple sites subcutaneous injection of ovarian antigen elicited with ovarian tissue of SD female rats, and treated with ZGP at different time points in the modeling, with prednisone as positive control. The levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) in peripheral blood were measured with radioimmunoassay, and ovarian antibody (AoAb) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mRNA expression of ovarian growth and differentiation factor-9 was detected with in situ hybridization.

RESULTSPOF model mice manifested such abnormalities as increased FSH, decreased E2, and positive AoAb in peripheral blood, with lymphocytes infiltration in ovarian mesanchyma, reduction of GDF-9 mRNA positive oocytes, and decrease of growing and mature follicles. ZGP could reduce the increase of FSH, increase the level of E2, inhibit the production of AoAb, raise the GDF-9 mRNA positive cells of oocytes, increase the number of growing and mature follicles. The clinical efficacy was more significant in early stage than in advanced stage.

CONCLUSIONZGP can improve immune inflammatory injury of ovary, and shows therapeutic effect on POF.

Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Ovarian Follicle ; pathology ; Ovary ; drug effects ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Phytotherapy ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy

Background:As the empirical studies on human body are restricted extremely,the establishment and selection of suitable animal models are important for researches on ulcerative colitis( UC ). Aims:To compare the symptoms and colonic pathology of rat models with experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium( DSS ) and trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid( TNBS),so as to provide a reference for selecting animal models in UC-related studies. Methods:Drinking 4% DSS freely for 7 days or intrarectal administration of single dose 100 mg/kg TNBS-50% ethanol were used to establish experimental colitis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. The disease activity index( DAI)was assessed dynamically during the course of experiment. The whole colon was removed in batches for measurements of colonic damage score and activity of myeloperoxidase(MPO)at different time points. Results:The DAI score reached the peak at the 7th day and the 2nd day in DSS group and TNBS group,respectively,and decreased gradually afterwards. Six and one deaths occurred during the experimental course in DSS and TNBS groups,respectively. In DSS group,the duration of inflammation was short,the colonic injury was moderate and recovered after drug withdrawal. At the 18th day,the colonic damage score and MPO activity was 0. 25 ± 0. 50 and(0. 80 ± 0. 33)U/g,respectively,and no significant differences were seen between DSS group and normal control group. In TNBS group,the duration of inflammation was longer and the colonic injury was more severe. At the 21st day,the colonic damage score and MPO activity was 3. 60 ± 0. 55 and( 1. 60 ± 0. 39 ) U/g, respectively,and chronic inflammation was observed histologically. Conclusions:Both DSS and TNBS can induce experimental colitis model in rats. The course of TNBS-induced colitis model presents a transformation of acute to chronic inflammation,and may be more suitable for treatment-related studies of UC.

In this study, UPLC-MS/MS was adopted to determine the contents of five ephedrine alkaloids (Norephedrine, Norpseudoephedrine, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Methylephedrine) in plasma and urine in rats after the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and calculate relevant pharmacokinetic parameters, in order to discuss the effect of the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum on plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion characteristics. According to the results, after being combined with Gypsum, the five ephedrine alkaloids showed similar pharmacokinetic changes, such as shortened t(max), accelerated absorption rate, but reduced AUC(0-t) and V(z)/F, which may be related to the increase in urine excretion. Besides, Gypsum was added to enhance C(max) of Pseudoephedrine and prolong MRT(0-t) of Methylephedrine, so as to enhance the anti-asthmatic effect of Ephedrae Herba and resist the toxic effect of Norephedrine and Ephedrine. This study proved the scientific compatibility of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and provided a reference for studies on the prescription compatibility regularity and relevant practices.
Alkaloids ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Animals ; Calcium Sulfate ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Ephedra ; chemistry ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urine ; chemistry

Objective To explore the effect of gastrin_(17) on E cadherin/?-catenin complex,a down- stream effector of FAK pathway,in colonic carcinoma cell line CoLo320WT.Methods pCR3.1/GR plasmid expressing gastrin receptor CCK 2R was transfected into colonic carcinoma cell line CoLo320 by Lipofectamine~(TM) 2000 and expressing stably CCK 2R clones was screened by G418.The expression levels of gastrin receptor of Coi.o320 and the transfected cell line Colo320WT were assayed by RT PCR. CoLo320WT cells were treated by 10~(-8)mmol/L gastrin_(17) at distinct time points (0 hr,1 hr,6 hr,12 hr, 24 hr,48 hr),whilst treated by 10_(-6) mmol/L L365,260 (gastrin_(17) receptor blocker) simultaneously for 30 minutes and then treated by gastrin_(17) again for 12 hr.Expression levels of phosphorylated FAK Tyr397 and total FAK in CoLo320WT under gastrin_(17)intervention were detected hy Western blot.Ex- pression levels of E-cadherin and?-catenin complex in TX-100 solution fraction and TX-100 insolution fraction of CoLo320WT cells were detected by coimmunoprecipitation and Western blot.Distribution of E-cadherin and?-catenin in CoLoWT320 were observed by immunocytochemistry.Results Phosphoryla- ted FAK Tyr397 expression in CoLo320WT cells increased in time dependent fashion under gastrin_(17) intervention and peaked at 12 hour after intervention,while decreased by L365,260 inhibition.But gas trine_(17) had no effect on total FAK in CoLo320WT cells.Expresion levels of E-cadherin and?-catenin com- plex in TX-100 solution fraction were decreased apparently,but increased again after L365,260 block- ing.On the contrary,the expression levels of E-cadherin and?-eatenin complex in TX-100 solution frac tion differed from that in TX-100 solution.Cytoehemistry observation had revealed that E-cadherin and?-catenin transferred from cell membranes into cndochylemas,nuclei and cytoskeleton under gastrin_(17) in- tervention.Conclusions Gastrin_(17)affected significantly the distribution of E cadherin/?-catenin complex in CoLo320WT by phosphorating FAK Tyr397 and activating FAK pathway when it bound to its recep- tor CCK-2,therefore promoted invasion and metastasis of CoLo320WT.

Objective To study the AmpC beta-lactarnase and its genotype mediated by plasmid in Escherichia coli.Methods AmpC beta-lactamase was detected based on that AmpC beta-laetamase can be inhibited by 3-aminophenylboronic acid(APB).MIC was ehecked by agar dilution method.Conjugation test was used to check the transfer of ampC gene.Gene chip and PCR were used to detect ampC gene.The amplified ampC gene were sequenced and analyzed by EMBOSS software.The molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates was investigated by Enterbacterial repetitive intergenic consensus(ERIC)typing method.Results In 74 strains of Escherichia coli insusceptible to cefoxtin,AmpC beta-lactamase was positive in 33 strains.8 strains possessed AmpC beta-lactamase of CIT group by gene chip and 8 transconjugants were obtained by conjugation test.CMY type ampC gene could be further amplified by specific CMY gene primers from both 8 clinical isolates of E.coli and plasmids extracted from 8 transconjugants.CMY-2 type ampC gene was found by sequencing(accession number DQ823449).The most transconjugants displayed similar MIC value(intermediate or resistant).ERIC genotyping showed 6 out of 8 isolates with CMY-2 ampC gene derived from different resource.Conclusion CMY-2 AmpC beta- lactamase mediated by plasmid could be detected in E.coli isolates from patients in the General Hospital of People Liberation Army,Beijing.The plasmid carried ampC gene could mediate multi-drug resistance.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to conduct a survey of the oral health status of disabled individuals in Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province. This study was also conducted to prepare caries prevention planning in the region.

METHODSOn the basis of the Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods of WHO and the Third National Oral Health Epidemiological Sample Survey Scheme, we investigated caries infecting disabled individuals who live in one big city (Xichang city), three counties (Bhutto county, Muli Tibetan autonomous county, and Huili county), and 46 towns and villages of Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province, by multi-stage stratified and cluster sampling.

RESULTSAmong 3,439 disabled individuals, 2,085 were males and 1,354 were females; among these individuals, 815 live in the city and 2,624 live in rural areas. Furthermore, 2,177 were Han natives and 1,262 were Yi natives (ethnic). The caries prevalence rate and mean DMFT of disabled individuals in Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province were 87.1% and 9.53, respectively. In Yi, the caries prevalence rate and mean DMFT of disabled individuals in Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province were 85.8% and 9.93, respectively; in Han, the caries prevalence rate and mean DMFT of disabled individuals in Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province were 87.9% and 9.29, respectively. No significant difference was found in the two groups of native (P > 0.05). A very low filling rate of 0.2% was also recorded.

CONCLUSIONDisabled individuals from Liangshan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan province exhibited a high prevalence of caries in permanent teeth. The oral health status of this special group of disabled individuals should be provided intensive care.

China ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health