Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of testicular cancer in cryptorchids. Methods The data of 10 patients with cryptorchid tumor treated at our hospital between 1986 and 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.Their average age was 40 years (range,32~55 years).Of these patients,1 had the testis in the inguinal area;3,in the scrotum (with a history of inguinal cryptorchidism) and 6,in the abdomen.Cryptorchidism occurred on the left in 2 cases,on the right in 5 and bilaterally in 3.Three patients presented with stage Ⅰ A disease,5 with stage Ⅰ B,and 2 with stage Ⅱ D. Results All the 10 patients received surgical treatment including radical tumor resection,radical tumor resection with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND),and palliative operation.Pathology showed that 9 cases had seminoma and 1 had seminoma accompanied by embryonic carcinoma.Radiotherapy was performed in 8 cases,and radiotherapy plus chemotherapy,in 2 (including 1 with embryonic carcinoma).Postoperatively,6 patients were followed up for 6 months to 14 years with a mean of 5.2 years;these patients showed no evidence of tumor recurrence and metastasis. Conclusions Cryptorchid testes have a greater risk of malignant change than do normally descended testes,and early intervention is advocated to prevent malignant canceration.Even treated with orchidopexy or orchiectomy,the patient should be followed up lifelong.Most of cryptorchid tumors are seminomas, and the ideal treatment strategies are tumor resection and radiotherapy.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of moxibustion with different doses for knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and explore the correlation between moxibustion dose and clinical efficacy. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with KOA who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into a 20-minute moxibustion group and a 40-minute moxibustion group by the random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. Dubi (ST 35), Neixiyan (EX-LE 4) and Heding (EX-LE 2) were used for moxibustion in the two groups. Each treatment lasted 20 min or 40 min for each point in the 20-minute moxibustion group and 40-minute moxibustion group, separately; the treatment was given 3 times a week and lasted for 4 weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom scores were evaluated before and after treatment to compare the efficacy between different moxibustion doses for KOA. Results: After treatment, the total effective rate was 87.5％ in the 40-minute moxibustion group, versus 70.0％ in the 20-minute moxibustion group, and the difference in the total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the VAS scores, the total WOMAC scores and the component scores of pain, stiffness and dysfunction, and the TCM symptom scores in both groups all changed significantly when compared with those before treatment (all P<0.05). After treatment, the between-group differences in the VAS score, the total WOMAC score and the component scores of pain and dysfunction, and the TCM symptom score were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while the difference in the stiffness score in WOMAC showed no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion: Either 20-minute moxibustion or 40-minute moxibustion can relieve pain, improve stiffness, dysfunction, and TCM symptoms for KOA; and 40-minute moxibustion is better in relieving pain, improving dysfunction and TCM symptoms.

Epicatechin content in Uncaria macrophylla Wall. was determined by RP-HPLC. As aresult, the epicatechin contents were 0.38％ in the hook and stem, and 0. 820％ in the leaf. Thus it seemedto be more worthwhile to produce epicatechin from the leaf rather than from the hook and stem.

Objective: To investigate the osteointegration and osteoinduction of nano hydroxyapatite/bioglass ( nHA/BG ) gradient nanofilm on the surface of titanium ( Ti) prepared by hypotherm sintering and plastic deformation. Methods:Hypotherm sintering was used to produce nHA/BG gradient coating followed by soaking in the simulated body fluid. Ti implants with gradient coatings were planted in femoral condyles at one side of 12 New Zealand rabbits and the untreated Ti implants were planted at the other side as the controls. 1, 3 and 6 months after implantation, the animals were sacrificed after X-ray examination and the tissues around the implants from the 3 month group were used for the preparation of hard tissue section and ground section. New bone formation was observed by tetracycline fluorescence staining. Von Gieson staining was used to observe the osteointegration at the interface between bone and im-plant. Results:The gradient coatings were porous and composed of irregular rod-like nano-HA crystals. Animal study showed well es-tablished osteointegration between the gradient coating and more novel bone was found around the implants with gradient coatings. Conclusion:Osteointegration and ostioinduction of Ti implant can be enhanced by nanostructured surface with gradient coatings of nHA/BG.

AIM: To investigate the apoptosis of endothelial cells (EC) induced by oxysterols and to examine the effect of amlodipine on the apoptosis induced by oxysterols.METHODS: Light microscope, electron microscope, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry were used to detect the apoptosis of EC.RESULTS: The characteristic morphological features of apoptosis were observed under light and electron microscope; DNA electrophoresis showed"DNA Ladder"; Flow cytometry showed the sub-G1 peak, apoptotic rate is 32.25% and 23.04% in Triol-treated and 25-OH-treated groups, respectively. While treated EC with amlodipine at the same time, the apoptotic rate decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Both Triol and 25-OH can induce apoptosis of EC, which can be inhibited by amlodipine.

AIM: To investigate the effects of oxysterols on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. METHODS: Rabbit aortic vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured in vitro and incubated with cholesterol, Triol and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), respectively. Slot blot was used to detect the mRNA expression level of TIMP-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); meanwhile the protein expression level of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 was detected by immunohistology. RESULTS: Triol and 25-OH inhibited the expression of TIMP-1 compared with control and cholesterol, but have no effect on expression of MMP-9. CONCLUSION: Both Triol and 25-OH downregulated TIMP-1 expression in VSMCs .

Objective To compare the clinical effects of intramedullary nails and locking compression plate in the treatment of femur shaft fracture.Methods The clinical data and follow-up records of 43 patients with femur shaft fracture treated by intramedullary nails and locking compression plate were retrospectively reviewed.Including 31 males and 12 females with an average age of 40.07 years(25 to73).According to AO classification:5 cases were type A,24 cases were type B,14 cases were type C.26 patients in group A treated by intramedullary nails and 17 patients in group B treated by locking compression plate.Operation time,fracture union time,blood loss and complications were compared between the two groups.The Karlstrom and Olerud result were compared and analyzed.Results All patients were followed up at an average of 15 months(range 5-24) after surgery.According to Karlstrom and Olerud score system,the excellent and good rate of group A was 88.4％,higher than the group B 82.3％.But there was no significant difference between the two groups.In group A:the operation time (113.77 ±20.14)min,the blood loss in the operation (386.74 ± 65.16) ml,clinical bone healing (15.52 ± 1.77) weeks.All these outcomes were better than group B (P ＜ 0.01).One case in group A appeared screw loose,but X-ray showed the nail stable,the bone wasn't displacement.One case in group B appeared broken plate 1 month after operation,and received twice operation,the clinical outcome was good as well.Another 1 case with fracture delayed union in group B,after internal fixation removed,we check the X-ray showed bone union.Conclusion Two methods of treatment femur shaft fracture can all reach the above requirement.Fixation of intramedullary interlocking nail is the preferred surgery than locking compression plate.

Objective To analyze the effect of bifrontal decompressive craniectomy on patients with refractory diffusing of brain swelling after severe traumatic brain injury.Methods The clinical data of 68 patients with refractory diffusing of brain swelling after severe traumatic brain injury were analyzed retrospectively.Thirty-five patients were performed with bifrontal decompressive craniectomy as observed group,continued intracranial pressure monitoring after surgery.Thirty-three patients were treated conservatively to reduce intracranial pressure as control group,continued intracranial pressure monitoring.The Glasgow outcome scale after discharge 6 months were assessed.The efficacy,the incidence of complications were observed in observed group.Results The admission intracranial pressure in observed group was significantly higher than that after surgery [(35.9 ±6.9) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(17.5 ±5.2) mmHg,P ＜0.05].The admission intracranial pressure in control group was (34.2 ± 8.6) mmHg,after admission 10.5 h was (32.0 ±4.8) mmHg (P ＜0.05),difference was no statistically significant (P＞ 0.05).The intracranial pressure after admission 10.5 h in control group was significantly higher than that in observed group after surgery (P ＜0.05).Two cases of subdural effusion,1 case of postoperative hydrocephalus in observed group.The better prognosis rate in observed group was significantly higher than that in control group [45.7％ (16/35) vs.18.2％ (6/33),P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Bifrontal decompressive craniectomy is a suitable measure to decrease the intracranial pressure in the patients with refractory diffusing of brain swelling.If carried out early,it could provide better outcome for these patients.

Objective To investigate the relation between polymorphism of NOS3 G894T and susceptibility of cancer .Methods Literatures under the inclusion and exclusion criteria about relation between polymorphism of NOS 3 G894T and susceptibility of cancer were collected by computer -based retrieval and manual retrieval .The pools ORs with 95% CI were calculated to assess the association strength between polymorphism of NOS 3 G894T and cancer risk by Meta methods .Sensitivity and publication bias were evaluated .Results 19 literatures with 7679 cases of cancer and 8180 cases as control group were included .The pooled result indica-ted that no significant association between its polymorphism and cancer (ORT versus G=1 .030 ,95% CI=0 .964 -1 .101 ;ORTT versus GG=1 .056 ,95% CI=0 .895-1 .245 ;ORTG versus GG=1 .045 ,95% CI=0 .977-1 .119 ;ORTT/TG versus GG=1 .047 , 95% CI=0 .981-1 .117 ;ORTT versus TG/GG=1 .005 ,95% CI=0 .900-1 .123) .No significant association was observed in sub-group analysis based on ethnicity ,cancer type ,and source of control group .Conclusion There was no relationship between NOS3 G894T polymorphism and cancer susceptibility .

Objective To discuss the ultrastructural pathological characteristics and dynamic changes of brain vessel after subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and the mechanism of these changes in delayed cerebral vasospasm.Methods SAH model was made by infusing blood twice into the cistern magna of Japanese rabbits.The animals were divided randomly into SAH group,saline group,puncture group and blank group,at 1 h,3 d,5 d,7 d and 10 d after the first infusion the animals were perfused and basilar artery was harvested.Ultrastructural changes were observed under light microscope and electron microscope.Results Under the light microscope,the vessel wall became thick,the vessel cavity became narrow,the endothelia cells became swollen,vacuoles could be found in the chromatin,inner elastic membrane became reductus and broke.Under the electron microscope,the close connection between the endothelial cells disappeared,the membrane of the cells fell off,and the mitochondria became swollen,vacuoles could be seen,the chromatin became concentrated,heterochromatin could be seen,smooth muscle became deformed,chromatin became uneven, myofilament had derangement and fragmentation and dissolved,vacuolus could be seen in the kytoplasm,mitochondrion became swollen.The structural change of basilar artery under the light microscope got similar to that under the electron microscope;slight change was observed right after 1 h of SAH,significant change was observed at 3 d,and most obvious change was observed between 5 d and 7 d.Conclusion Ultrastructural changes were observed in the basilar artery after SAH,and significant dynamic changes were observed in the progress.The damage of endothelia cells may be the important factors which cause delayed cerebral vasospasm.