Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

ObjectiveTo evaluate the theoretical knowledge level of Chinese students majoring in stomatology based on the problem-based learning (PBL).MethodsThe Cochrane reviewer's handbook was followed by.Domestic published articles from 1989 -2010 were selected by computer and handwork.All these retrieved studies were controlled clinical trials related to oral theoretical education and were conducted by PBL and the traditional teaching methods.The quality of included studies was critically evaluated and the data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.0.1 software.ResultsA total of 138 articles were selected,but only 8 were included.Significant differences were found when the data were pooled(P ＜ 0.01,I2 =80％ ) and random effect model was used for meta-analysis.The results showed that comparing with the traditional teaching methods,PBL can improve the theoretical score of dental students [ MD 5.39,95％ CI(2.20,8.58)],and sensitivity analysis showed that the result was stable.ConclusionPBL can improve the theoretical score of Chinese students majoring in stomatology.However,as part of the studies are not high quality literature,the above conclusion needs to be verified by more large sample-sized,rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials.

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to test the accuracy and precision of iWitness photogrammetry for measuring the facial tissues of mannequin head.

METHODSUnder ideal circumstances, the 3D landmark coordinates were repeatedly obtained from a mannequin head using iWitness photogrammetric system with different parameters, to examine the precision of this system. The differences between the 3D data and their true distance values of mannequin head were computed.

RESULTSOperator error of 3D system in non-zoom and zoom status were 0.20 mm and 0.09 mm, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). Image captured error of 3D system was 0.283 mm, and there was no significant difference compared with the same group of images (P>0.05). Error of 3D systen with recalibration was 0.251 mm, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with image captured error (P>0.05). Good congruence was observed between means derived from the 3D photos and direct anthropometry, with difference ranging from -0.4 mm to +0.4 mm.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides further evidence of the high reliability of iWitness photogrammetry for several craniofacial measurements, including landmarks and inter-landmark distances. The evaluated system can be recommended for the evaluation and documentation of the facial surface.

Objective:To explore the postoperative complications of different incisions of parotidectomy in benign parotid tumor and the impact on life quality.Methods:62 patients with benign parotid ttmor underwent improved parotidectomy in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2015 were selected and randomly divided into group A and group B.The patients in group A were using improved S incision,and the patients in group B were using postauricular concealing incision.Then the perioperative indexes,complications after surgery and the influences to life quality of 2 groups were observed and compared.Results:The surgery time,blood loss,postoperative suction drainage and hospital stays of 2 groups had no great differences (P＞0.05).The early and forward complication rate of group A was 29.03 ％ and 25.81％ respectively,of group B was 19.35 ％ and 12.90 ％ respectively.There were no differences between them (P＞0.05).The scores of pain and emotion after surgery of group A were getting better,and appearance,smell and chewing function was getting worse than before surgery with statistically significance (P＜0.05).The scores of pain and emotion after surgery of group B were getting better than before (P＜0.05).The scores of appearance and emotion of group A were worse than those of group B with statistically significance (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Using postauricular concealing incision can obtain good life quality and safety for the patients with benign parotid tumor,which is superior to improved S incision,worthy of clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the effects of exosomes from cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells affected by oxidative stress on the proliferation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and Akt of ARPE-19 cells. Methods Culture ARPE-19 cells. The concentration of 2.5μmol/L rotenone was selected to simulate oxidative stress and isolated ARPE-19-exosome. Exosomes were isolated by ExoQuick exosome precipitation solution. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the morphology of exosomes. Western blot was used to detect exosomes’ surface-specific maker protein CD63. ARPE-19 cells affected by oxidative stress were cultured with exosome as experimental group, normal ARPE-19 cells were cultured with exosome as control group. The cell proliferation was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF-A and Akt protein. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of VEGF-A mRNA and Akt mRNA. Results The diameter of normal ARPE-19-exosomes ranged from 50 to 150 nm. The isolated exosomes expressed CD63. AREP-19 cells were cultured with ARPE-19 (affected by rotenone)-exosome, the cell viability in experimental group was significantly reduced than in the control group. Green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm under fluorescence microscope. Compared with the control group, VEGF-A was up-regulated expressed and Akt was down-regulated expressed. Western blot results showed that, VEGF-A protein expression in the experimental group were higher than the control group. Akt protein expression in the experimental group were less than the control group. The difference was statically significant (t=3.822, 6.527;P<0.05). RT-PCR results showed that VEGF-A mRNA expression levels was higher in the experimental group than the control group. Akt mRNA expression levels was lower in the experimental group than the control group. The difference was statically significant (t=8.805,?7.823;P<0.05). Conclusions Exosomes from ARPE-19 cells affected by oxidative stress inhibit the proliferation of normal ARPE-19 cells, increase the expression of VEGF-A and reduce the expression of Akt.

Objective To investigate the effect of arginase (Arg) inhibitor N-ω-Hydroxy-L norArginine (nor-NOHA) on high glucose cultured rhesus macaque retinal vascular endothelial cell line (RF/6A) in vitro.Methods The RF/6A cells were divided into the following 4 groups:normal control group (5.0 mmol/L of glucose,group A),high glucose group (25.0 mmol/L,group B),high glucose with 125 mg/L nor-NOHA group (group C),and high glucose with 1％ DMSO group (group D).The proliferation,migration ability and angiogenic ability of RF/6A cells were measured by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),transwell chamber and tube assay respectively.The express of Arg Ⅰ,eNOS,iNOS mRNA of RF/6A cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of NO and interleukine (IL)-1b of RF/6A cells.Results The proliferation,migration,and tube formation ability of group A (t=2.367,5.633,7.045;P＜0.05) and group C (t=5.260,6.952,8.875;P＜0.05)were significantly higher than group B.RT-PCR results showed the Arg Ⅰ and iNOS expression in group B was higher than that in group A (t=6.836,3.342;P＜0.05) and group C (t=4.904,7.192;P＜0.05).The eNOS expression in group B was lower than that in group A and group C (t=4.165,6.594;P＜0.05).ELISA results showed NO expression in group B was lower than that in group A and group C (t=4.925,5.368;P＜0.05).IL-1b expression in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (t=5.032,7.792;P＜0.05).Conclusions Nor-NOHA has a protective effect on cultured RF/6A cells in vitro and can enhance its proliferation,migration and tube formation.The mechanism may be inhibiting the oxidative stress by balancing the expression of Arg/NOS.

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.

Objective 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin(Infecton)and 99Tcm-HIgG are both radiopharmaceuticals for inflammation and infectious disease imaging.It was reported that99Tcm-ciprofloxacin (Infecton)Was able to distinguish inflammation from infection.while 99Tcm-HIgG was a nonspecific agent.The study Was designed to compare the in vivo characteristics between 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin(Infecton)and 99Tcm-HIgG in rabbit model of inflammation.Methods Eight rabbits were grouped as inflammation model(the first group).infection model(the second group),concomitant inflammation and infection model(the third group),and control(the fourth group)groups.A total of 185 MBq(0.5 m1)99Tcm-ciprofloxacin(Infecton)Was administered intravenously to each rabbit.a serious dynamic images were acquired till 24 h post-injection.Repeated examination with99Tcm-HIgG was carried out 2 d later.Resuits 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin(Infecton)scan was negative in the inflammation models and controls.and was positive in the infection models.In the third group99Tcmciprofloxacin(Infecton)showed infection focus in the left thigh but negative uptake at inflammation focus in the right thigh.99Tcm-HIgG scan were positive in all models.The optimal image time for99Tcm-ciprofloxacin(Infecton)was 3 h after administration.but positive image could still be observed 24 h later.Conclusion 99Tcm-ciprofloxacin(Infecton)appears to specifically accumulate in the infective lesion.

Objective: To evaluate the association of smoking with the risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) using a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: A total of 16 383 186 AS-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 378 smoking initiation associated SNPs and 126 lifetime smoking score-associated SNPs were collected from three large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The association of smoking phenotypes with the risk of AS was examined using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) with AS as a outcome variable, smoking initiation and lifetime smoking score as exposure factors and SNPs with strong associations with smoking as instrumental variables, and sensitivity analyses were performed with maximum likelihood-based method, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and MR-Egger regression analysis. Results: A 33.5% increased risk of AS was found among genetically predicted smokers relative to non-smokers (OR=1.335, 95%CI: 1.059-1.682), and an increase in predicted lifetime smoking by per standard deviation resulted in a 101.4% increased risk of AS (OR=2.014, 95%CI: 1.341-3.024). The maximum likelihood-based method and MR-PRESSO test showed consistent correlated effect estimations and MR-Egger regression analysis identified no evidence of pleiotropy. Conclusion It is genetically predicted that smoking is associated with an increased risk of AS.