The growth and pigment production of 47 strains on casein medium were studied comparatively.T4 and Neurospora crassa AS 3.1602 were selected for their capacity of producing melanin on five different culture media. Melanin produced by T4 was investigated, and T4 was identified as Proteus mirabilis primarily.

AIM: To investigate whether the Acrysof Natural has the protective function for retina from blue light in morphology.METHODS: Fresh porcine eye cups were formed in vitro. Blue light beam between 420-450nm spectrum eradiated the porcine retina and cultured RPE cells in 30J/cm2 and 40J/cm2, respectively. The adjacent region in 3mm diameter was eradiated in various ways: exposed directly to light, through AcrySof one piece IOL, PMMA IOL,AcrySof Natural IOL, and without light. Then the eye cups were cultured for 48h. Lastly, tissue and cell structure were observed with light microscope and transmission electron microscope (TEM).RESULTS: In the retinal region without light, the structure of every layer was clear, cells in neuroepithelial layer arrayed in rule, some bubble presented in external granular layer and internal granular layer, RPE cells were compact, and the color of pigment article was coincident. In the region with direct blue light and that with 30J/cm2+Acrysof one-piece/ pMMlA, cells on photoreceptor and external granular layer were lost partially, bubble increased, RPE cells were with different sizes, and cell edema, cell lost and pigment article cluster could be seen.. In region with 30J/cm2+Natural, a little disorganization could be seen comparing to that without light, but more normal than those with Acrysof and direct eradia tion. When the power was 40J/cm2, the situation was similar to that with 30J/cm2 but more severe.CONCLUSION: ① the blue light intensity in 30J/cm2 and 40J/cm2 could both induce the acute retinal light injury, ② AcrySof one piece IOL and other PMMA IOLhave no obvious effect no retina comparing to direct eradiation, ③AcrySof Natural can weaken the injury of blue light to some extent.

More than 80 strains producing lipases were screened from oily soil of vegetable oil plant, meat processing factory and dairy factory in Jinan city, Shandong Province, which included bacteria, moulds and yeast. Conditions for lipase production and properties of some enzymes were studied. One drug-resistant mutant strain Y-11 with higher lipase activity was from Trichosporon sp. Y-1. In addition, Optimization of lipase production and characterization of enzymes were carried out. On the basis of above experiments, a characteristic library of stains producing lipases was established.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness between three methods for purifying the immunoglobulin of egg yolk(IgY) which are polyethylene glycol (PEG) method, chloroform extraction method and chloroform / PEG method, and to provide basis for obtaining the batch of IgY.Methods:The inactivated vaccine of Vibrio parahemolyticus (V. parahemolyticus) was prepared and the hens were immunized by multi-point intramuscular injection.The eggs were collected and the IgY was purified by PEG method, chloroform extraction method and chloroform/PEG method.The protein extraction rate, the IgY titer and the purity of the antibody which purified by different methods were detected.Furthermore, the operation process, cost and safety of the three methods were analyzed.Results:The protein contents of the extraction belonging three methods from high to low in turn were chloroform extraction method, chloroform/PEG method, and PEG method.There was no significant difference in the antibody titer between three methods, and the tiler of chloroform extraction method was slightly high.The purities of purified antibody from high to low in turn were PEG method, chloroform/PEG method and chloroform method.The PEG method had better security but relatively lower extraction efficiency and higher cost.The chloroform/PEG method had high extraction efficiency and good antibody purity.Conclusion:The PEG method is suitable for a small amount of extraction in the laboratory.The chloroform/PEG method is appropriate for extracting the high quality IgY in a batch as it has high extraction efficiency and good antibody purity.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect on increasing bone cement-bone interface micro-gomphosis intensity with bone cement oscillator.

METHODSOne hundred femoral bones of adult pig were randomly divided into 6 groups: oscillating group (A1) and control group (A2) of anti-tensile force, oscillating group (B1) and control group (B2) of anti-pressure (n = 20 in each group), oscillating group (C1) and control group (C2) of imaging (n = 10 in each group). Mechanics and CT test was performed, micro-gomphosis intensity of bone cement-bone interface between oscillating group and control group was compared.

RESULTSMechanics and CT test showed bone cement-bone interface micro-gomphosis intensity in oscillating group was significantly stronger than control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBone cement oscillator can significantly increase micro-gomphosis intensity of bone-cement interface, and reduce long-term aseptic loosening of artificial prostheses.

Animals ; Bone Cements ; Cementation ; Equipment Design ; Femur ; Joint Prosthesis ; Male ; Materials Testing ; Mechanics ; Random Allocation ; Swine ; Vibration

Objective:To explore the efficacy and adverse effects of docetaxel combined with capecitabine on the basis of anthracycline in the treatment of breast cancer patient on the basis of anthracycline,and to provide evidence-based medicine evidence for the clinical application of capecitabine.Methods:PubMed,EMBase,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang database were used to search the randomized controlled trials in which the breast cancer patients were treated by docetaxel combined with capecitabine and docetaxel alone.The qualities of the included studies were assessed by the modified Jadad scale.The effective data were extracted and the pathologic complete remission (pCR),recurrence-free survival (RFS),disease-free survival (DFS)and safety were evaluated by RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 10 articles were included,including 12012 patients.The Meta-analysis results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in pCR (RR=1.04,95%CI:0.91-1.18,P =0.59),RFS (RR=0.86,95%CI:0.71 - 1.03,P = 0.10)and DFS (RR= 0.98,95% CI:0.86 - 1.11,P = 0.71)between docetaxel combined with capecitabine and docetaxel alone. The clinical safety analysis results showed that the patients treated with docetaxel combined with capecitabine were susceptible to hand-foot syndrome (OR= 7.13, 95%CI:4.76-10.69,P <0.001)and stomatitis (OR = 1.93,95%CI:1.10-3.40,P =0.02).Conclusion:On the basis of anthracycline treatment,the efficacies of docetaxel combined with capecitabine and docetaxel alone in the treatment of the breast cancer patients are similar.The former is more likely to cause the hand-foot syndrome and stomatitis.

The objective of this study was to explore the protective effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on hematopoietic organs of irradiated mice. Human bone marrow MSC were isolated, ex vivo expanded, and identified by cell biological tests. Female BALB/c mice were irradiated with (60)Co γ-ray at a single dose of 6 Gy, and received different doses of human MSC and MSC lysates or saline via tail veins. The survival of mice was record daily, and the femurs and spleens were harvested on day 9 and 16 for pathologic examination. The histological changes were observed and the cellularity was scored. The results showed that the estimated survival time of MSC- and MSC lysate-treated mice was comparable to that of controls. The hematopoiesis in the bone marrow of mice that received high-dose (5×10(6)) of MSC or MSC lysates was partially restored on day 9 and the capacity of hemopoietic tissue and cellularity scorings were significantly elevated as compared with that of controls (P < 0.05). Proliferative nudes were also obviously observed in the spleens of mice that received high-dose of MSC or MSC lysates on d 9 after irradiation. The histological structures of the spleen and bone marrow of the mice that received high-doses (5×10(6)) of MSC or MSC lysates were restored to normal, the cell proliferation displayed extraordinarily active. Further, the cellularity scores of the bone marrow were not significantly different between the high-dose MSC and MSC lysate-treated mice. It is concluded that the bone marrow MSC can promote the hematopoietic recovery of the irradiated mice, which probably is associated with the bioactive materials inherently existed in bone marrow cells.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; surgery ; Transplantation, Heterologous

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sexual partners and sexual behaviors among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and to examine the factors related with high risky sexual behaviors.

METHODSA total of 200 HIV-positive MSM participants were recruited using "snowballing" sampling from June to December in 2010 in Shanghai. Participants completed the questionnaire which included social demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors with male and female sexual partners in the past 6 months, alcohol consumption, alkyl nitrite use, illegal substances use and depression and anxiety symptoms, etc.

RESULTSOf the 200 HIV-positive MSM participants, 45.0% (90/200) of participants' ages ranged from 26 to 35, and 30.0% (60/200) of the respondents were married. Participants living with a male partner and living with a female partner accounted for 17.0% (34/200) and 9.0% (18/200), respectively. A total of 57.5% (115/200) had anal sex with male and 13.5% (27/200) had sex with female in the past 6 months. The percentage of participants who had 2 or more male anal sexual partners was 36.5% (73/200). During last six months, participants who didn't use condom consistently during anal sexes with men and vaginal sexes with women accounted for 16.0% (32/200) and 3.5% (7/200), respectively. The rate of risky sexual behaviors (any unprotected sex with male or female) during past 6 months was 17.5% (35/200). Factors associated with risky sexual behaviors included getting drunk before last sex (OR = 4.270, 90%CI: 1.676 - 10.881), using alkyl nitrite (OR = 3.397, 90%CI: 1.564 - 7.377) and having casual male partners (OR = 2.951, 90%CI: 1.278 - 5.252) during past six months, getting HIV infection diagnosis in half year (OR = 4.181, 90%CI: 1.939 - 9.013).

CONCLUSIONThere were high rates of unprotected anal sex with men and vaginal sex with women among HIV positive MSM and alcohol and substance use before sex could increase the risk of having unprotected sex.

Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Unsafe Sex ; statistics & numerical data

Adenomatous Polyps ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Female ; Gastric Fundus ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo analyse retrospectively the diagnosis and treatment of severe pneumonia in kidney transplantation recipients.

METHODSBetween January 1999 and December 2003, 172 adult patients underwent kidney transplantation at our department. In all severe pneumonia cases, empirical therapy was initiated with aztreonam, erythromycin and ganciclovir. And the therapy was switched to proper antibiotics according to the results of sensitivity testing. Responsible pathogen was detected by study of BAL (bronco-alveolar-lavage), sputum and blood specimen. Analyses included cell differential count, cytopathologic examination and cultures for bacteria, fungi and viruses. The immunosuppressive therapy was drastically reduced. Hypoxia was relieved by BiPAP (Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure) or mechanical ventilation if necessary.

RESULTSSeventeen cases (9.9%) of pneumonia were observed in the 172 recipients, only 11 (65%) patients experienced severe pneumonia, 1 (9%) of them died. Fever was the most common symptom on presentation (82%). On presentation 46% of the patients presented with classical clinical syndrome of fever accompanied by cough and dyspnea. Positive rate of BAL and blood culture were 100% and 46% respectively. BiPAP and mechanical ventilation were required in 6 and 2 cases respectively.

CONCLUSIONBAL is preferred for early detection of responsible pathogen. A combination of drastic reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen, implementation of appropriate empirical antibiotics, proper BiPAP or mechanical ventilation are important.

Adult ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; adverse effects