Background: This study compared and analyzed the surface properties, including gloss, Vickers hardness, surface roughness,surface morphology, and color stability, of various aesthetic restorative materials subjected to in-office tooth bleaching treatments. Methods: The experimental groups consisted of various commercially available aesthetic restorative materials, includinglight-cured composite resin (CR), light-cured bulk-fill resin (BF), compomer (CP), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and glass ionomer cement (GI). Before and after the bleaching treatment using 30% hydrogen peroxide, the gloss was measured with a gloss meter, the Vickers hardness values were assessed with a Vickers hardness tester, and the surface roughness was analyzed using a surface profilometer. Surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy.After the bleaching treatment, color stability was evaluated by immersing the specimens in coffee, Pepsi Cola, black tea, and distilled water solutions. The color changes (ΔE*) were analyzed at 1, 3, and 7 days. Results: Compared with the pre-treatment values, gloss significantly decreased in the BF and RMGI groups (p＜0.05), Vickers hardness significantly decreased in the RMGI and GI groups (p＜0.05), and surface roughness significantly increased in the CR and RMGI groups (p＜0.05). The surface morphological changes were minimal in all the experimental groups, except for RMGI and GI. In terms of color stability, the CP group exhibited the highest color stability in distilled water, while the GI group showed the lowest (p＜0.05). The BF group demonstrated the highest color stability in the coffee, Pepsi-Cola, and black tea solutions, whereas the RMGI group showed the lowest color stability (p＜0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study will provide foundational data for selecting aesthetic restorative materials that have minimalimpact on surface properties, while offering optimal aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction tailored to the specific oral conditions of the patient.

Background: This study compared and analyzed the surface properties, including gloss, Vickers hardness, surface roughness,surface morphology, and color stability, of various aesthetic restorative materials subjected to in-office tooth bleaching treatments. Methods: The experimental groups consisted of various commercially available aesthetic restorative materials, includinglight-cured composite resin (CR), light-cured bulk-fill resin (BF), compomer (CP), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and glass ionomer cement (GI). Before and after the bleaching treatment using 30% hydrogen peroxide, the gloss was measured with a gloss meter, the Vickers hardness values were assessed with a Vickers hardness tester, and the surface roughness was analyzed using a surface profilometer. Surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy.After the bleaching treatment, color stability was evaluated by immersing the specimens in coffee, Pepsi Cola, black tea, and distilled water solutions. The color changes (ΔE*) were analyzed at 1, 3, and 7 days. Results: Compared with the pre-treatment values, gloss significantly decreased in the BF and RMGI groups (p＜0.05), Vickers hardness significantly decreased in the RMGI and GI groups (p＜0.05), and surface roughness significantly increased in the CR and RMGI groups (p＜0.05). The surface morphological changes were minimal in all the experimental groups, except for RMGI and GI. In terms of color stability, the CP group exhibited the highest color stability in distilled water, while the GI group showed the lowest (p＜0.05). The BF group demonstrated the highest color stability in the coffee, Pepsi-Cola, and black tea solutions, whereas the RMGI group showed the lowest color stability (p＜0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study will provide foundational data for selecting aesthetic restorative materials that have minimalimpact on surface properties, while offering optimal aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction tailored to the specific oral conditions of the patient.

Background: This study compared and analyzed the surface properties, including gloss, Vickers hardness, surface roughness,surface morphology, and color stability, of various aesthetic restorative materials subjected to in-office tooth bleaching treatments. Methods: The experimental groups consisted of various commercially available aesthetic restorative materials, includinglight-cured composite resin (CR), light-cured bulk-fill resin (BF), compomer (CP), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and glass ionomer cement (GI). Before and after the bleaching treatment using 30% hydrogen peroxide, the gloss was measured with a gloss meter, the Vickers hardness values were assessed with a Vickers hardness tester, and the surface roughness was analyzed using a surface profilometer. Surface morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy.After the bleaching treatment, color stability was evaluated by immersing the specimens in coffee, Pepsi Cola, black tea, and distilled water solutions. The color changes (ΔE*) were analyzed at 1, 3, and 7 days. Results: Compared with the pre-treatment values, gloss significantly decreased in the BF and RMGI groups (p＜0.05), Vickers hardness significantly decreased in the RMGI and GI groups (p＜0.05), and surface roughness significantly increased in the CR and RMGI groups (p＜0.05). The surface morphological changes were minimal in all the experimental groups, except for RMGI and GI. In terms of color stability, the CP group exhibited the highest color stability in distilled water, while the GI group showed the lowest (p＜0.05). The BF group demonstrated the highest color stability in the coffee, Pepsi-Cola, and black tea solutions, whereas the RMGI group showed the lowest color stability (p＜0.05). Conclusion The findings of this study will provide foundational data for selecting aesthetic restorative materials that have minimalimpact on surface properties, while offering optimal aesthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction tailored to the specific oral conditions of the patient.

Purpose: : This study aimed to identify the effects of a multifaceted pediatric delirium education program for pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) nurses on their delirium knowledge, confidence in delirium nursing, and delirium evaluation accuracy. Methods: : This study used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 50 nurses in two units of the PICU at S General Hospital in Seoul. All participants took a 1-hour lecture with case-based practice for the first two weeks, and received feedback as they applied the program to clinical practice over the next two weeks. Test measures were completed before and after the four week intervention period for all participants. The delirium evaluation accuracy was measured using the Korean version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and paired t-tests. Results: : After the Pediatric Delirium Education Program, nurses’ delirium knowledge (x2 =11.65, p =.001), confidence in delirium nursing (t=9.71, p＜.001), and delirium evaluation accuracy (t=6.07, p＜.001) improved significantly. Conclusions : Pediatric delirium education programs for PICU nurses were effective. For active application of the program in clinical practice in the future, various cases of childhood delirium and specific strategies for each subject must be developed. To achieve this, long-term intervention and research for multiple organizations are required.

In patients with dermatomyositis, chronic inflammation of the pharynx and esophagus results in coughing and difficulty in swallowing. These become important clinical symptoms, especially if they contribute to malnutrition or aspiration pneumonia. They can ultimately reduce the quality of life. In rare cases, if the symptoms worsen despite proper treatment, serious complications may arise, a reason to suspect an esophageal perforation or abscess. The authors report a case of dermatomyositis in an adult patient with rare complications of spontaneous esophageal perforation and hypopharyngeal abscess. The patient received non-surgical treatment and was able to resume oral intake of food.
Abscess* ; Adult* ; Cough ; Deglutition ; Dermatomyositis* ; Esophageal Perforation* ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Inflammation ; Malnutrition ; Pharynx ; Pneumonia, Aspiration ; Quality of Life

We performed hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery for a 67-year-old male with a 5.6 cm sized abdominal aortic aneurysm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea. After an initial hand dissection of the abdominal aorta under laparoscopy, we performed proximal anastomosis and distal abdominal aorta suture ligation through a 6 cm abdominal incision. Distal anastomosis was done at the bilateral common femoral arteries. He resumed his oral intake 6 hours after the surgery and discharged at the 4th postoperative day.
Aged ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Femoral Artery ; Hand ; Hand-Assisted Laparoscopy ; Humans ; Korea ; Laparoscopy ; Ligation ; Male ; Sutures

Purpose: This study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (CAPD). Methods: For testing the reliability of the Korean version of the CAPD, this study calculated the internal consistency (Cronbach's ⍺) and the Interrater Correlation Coefficient (ICC) by comparing the independent assessment results of three nurses in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). For testing the validity of the Korean version of the CAPD, the assessment result of the Korean version of the CAPD compared with that of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V (DSM-V). Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used for measuring sensitivity and specificity. Results: Overall interrater reliability of the Korean version of the CAPD, ICC was .98 (95% CI .96~.99). Cronbach's ⍺ was .91 for eight items. The concordance between the Korean version of the CAPD and psychiatrist’s diagnosis was 90.0%. When the Korean version of the CAPD has the cut point of 9, sensitivity was 93.8%, and specificity was 75.0%. The area under the curve indicated by the ROC analysis was .88. Conclusion The Korean version of the CAPD showed good reliability and validity. This tool will be useful for pediatric delirium screening and management in Korean PICU.

PURPOSE:This study was designed to know the clinical significance and risk factors of hyperkalemia in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI). METHODS:We compared the incidence of hyperkalemia and its associated ECG abnormalities and mortality rate according to birth weight (102 of less than 1,000 g vs. 328 of 1,000 to 1,500 g) in 430 VLBWI who were born from Jan. 2000 to July 2004, retrospectively, and also compared the several parameter according to serum potassium (35 of hyperkalemia vs. 11 of normokalemia) in 49 selected VLBWI who need mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress without oliguria within 72 hours of life to know the risk factors of hyperkalemia. RESULTS:Overall incidence of hyperkalemia in VLBWI was 21.1%, and was significantly higher in below 1,000 g than in 1,000 to 1,500 g (32.4% vs. 17.7%, P<0.05). Hyperkalemia associated ECG abnormalities, life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia, and death were also significantly higher in below 1,000 g. There were no significant differences in maternal or infant's characteristics, laboratory findings and clinical conditions between hyperkalemic vs. normokalemic group. The incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and mortality rate were also significantly higher in hyperkalemic group. CONCLUSION:Early onset nonoliguric hyperkalemia is often associated with life- threatening cardiac arrhythmia and death in VLBWI, especially less than 1,000 g. Although perinatal risk factors were not found in this study, prospective study is needed to establish the preventive strategy and to improve the outcome.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Birth Weight ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia* ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Mortality ; Oliguria ; Potassium ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

Mucosal spreading of urothelial tumors to the seminal vesicles is very rare. We experienced a case of mucosal involvement of the seminal vesicles by a bladder tumor in a 72-year-old man. The patient had a history of transurethral resection for invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder 8 years previously. Radical cystoprostatectomy was performed owing to recurrent and multiple urothelial carcinoma in situ. Microscopically, the urothelial carcinoma in situ was throughout the mucosa of the urinary bladder, both ureters, the prostate, and the left seminal vesicle. To date, the implication of mucosal involvement of the seminal vesicles by urothelial carcinoma is unclear. However, careful microscopic examination is needed to avoid an erroneous diagnosis.
Aged ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; Prostate ; Seminal Vesicles ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of spleen is a rare inflammatory tumor-like vascular lesion composed of angiomatoid nodules in a fibrosclerotic background. We report herein on a case of SANT in the spleen with its pathologic features, and review the related literature. A 50-year-old woman presented with mild left upper quadrant discomfort and tenderness and she showed a 6 cm-sized solitary splenic mass on computed tomography. She underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. Grossly, the spleen showed a well circumscribed round-shaped solid mass with multinodular hemorrhagic surfaces. Microscopically, the mass consisted of multiple angiomatoid nodules surrounded by collagen bundles with fibroblasts and a lymphoplasma cell infiltration. Immunohistochemically, the cells of the angiomatoid nodules were positive for CD31, CD30, CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and VWF-VIII, but they were negative for CD8, anaplastic lymphoma kinase protein, and D2-40. The patient has been under close follow-up without recurrence.
Actins ; Antigens, CD31 ; Collagen ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Phosphotransferases ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; Recurrence ; Spleen ; Splenectomy