Evolutionary psychology holds such an opinion that negative situation may threaten survival, trigger avoidance motive and have poor effects on the human-body function and the psychological quality. Both disgusted and sad situations can induce negative emotions. However, differences between the two situations on attention capture and emotion cognition during the emotion induction are still not well known. Typical disgusted and sad situation images were used in the present study to induce two negative emotions, and 15 young students (7 males and 8 females, aged 27 ± 3) were recruited in the experiments. Electroencephalogram of 32 leads was recorded when the subjects were viewing situation images, and event-related potentials (ERP) of all leads were obtained for future analysis. Paired sample t tests were carried out on two ERP signals separately induced by disgusted and sad situation images to get time quantum with significant statistical differences between the two ERP signals. Root-mean-square deviations of two ERP signals during each time quantum were calculated and the brain topographic map based on root-mean-square deviations was drawn to display differences of two ERP signals in spatial. Results showed that differences of ERP signals induced by disgusted and sad situation images were mainly manifested in T1 (120-450 ms) early and T2 (800-1,000 ms) later. During the period of T1, the occipital lobe reflecting attention capture was activated by both disgusted and sad situation images, but the prefrontal cortex reflecting emotion sense was activated only by disgusted situation images. During the period of T2, the prefrontal cortex was activated by both disgusted and sad situation images. However, the parietal lobe was activated only by disgusted situation images, which showed stronger emotional perception. The research results would have enlightenment to deepen understanding of negative emotion and to exploredeep cognitive neuroscience mechanisms of negative emotion induction.
Adult ; Attention ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions ; Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Occipital Lobe ; physiology ; Parietal Lobe ; physiology ; Prefrontal Cortex ; physiology

Objective:To investigate the use of proton pump inhibitors ( PPIs) in the patients with cirrhosis or hepatitis in one hospital and evaluate the use rationality .Methods:A retrospective study was carried out on 211 patients with the diagnosis of hepatitis or cirrhosis in the infectious disease ward between 2013 and 2014 , and the use rationality of PPIs was evaluated .Results: A total of 211 cases were inspected, and among them, 192 ones were treated with PPIs (91%) with 62 ones treated with PPIs irrationally, which accounted for 29.3%of the total cases.The main irrational use of PPIs was long treatment course (24.5%), inadequate prophylaxis indications (5.7%) and purposeless use (2.6%).Conclusion: Irrational use of PPI is common in hepatitis or cirrhosis patients . Clinical pharmacists should strengthen pharmaceutical care to improve the rational drug use .

Objective To investigate features of maxillary morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) with maxillary retrusion and the dissimilarities of retruded maxilla.Methods Craniofacial measurements were done in 32 UCLP adult patients with maxillary retrusion (GC), 24 adult patients in class Ⅲ (GⅢ), and 32 healthy adults (GN).The CT slice data was reconstructed into a 3D video model and measured by Mimics 16.01.Results The maxillary volume (GM) and the volume composed of maxilla and maxillary sinuses (GT) were significantly smaller (P<0.05) in GC.The anterior and posterior parts of the maxillary length (A1-P3M⊥CP and P3M-P6M⊥CP) and overall maxillary length(A1-P6M⊥CP)at the dental level were all significantly reduced (P<0.05).There was no significant difference of the distances of A1⊥CP between the GC and GⅢ groups, while the P3M-CP and P6M-CP in the GⅢ group were significantly shorter (all P<0.05).The anterior and overall maxillary length at the dental level (A1-P3M⊥CP and A1-P6M⊥CP) in the GC group was significantly smaller than that in the GⅢ group (all P<0.05).Conclusions The decreased prominence of maxillary complex could be caused by the shortened maxillary length in UCLP patients;the posterior position of the maxilla is more obvious than that of GC group in class Ⅲ patients.

Using apple pomace to produce single cell protein (SPC) with three and four strains respectively, the optimal mixed proportion of inoculation, one of the main factors of multiple strains' fermentation to produce SPC, was studied The experiment and analysis indicated that a practicable method to get the optim al mixed proportion of inoculation was obtained, which will perfect correlative researches of this field

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common lethal urological cancer,the distant metastasis of which is the leading cause of death.Although targeted agents have remarkably improved the overall prognosis of RCC patients,nearly all the patients eventually acquire therapeutic resistance.With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors,immunotherapy based on tumor microenvironment (TME) has shown a broad scope in clinical application.The deepening understanding of TME leads to the changes of therapeutic strategies for advanced RCC,and the combination of targeted therapy and immunotherapy is exhibiting a promising prospect.Herein,we reviewed the TME characteristics,candidate predictive biomarkers,and possible targets for future development of drugs against RCC.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell/therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ; Immunotherapy ; Kidney Neoplasms/therapy* ; Male ; Tumor Microenvironment

OBJECTIVETo classify the patients with cleft lip and palate who need orthognathic surgery and to propose the corresponding operations.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to May 2015, 121 patients with cleft lip and palate diagnosed as maxillary retrusion were treated by orthognathic surgery. Inclusion criteriar: (1) male aged over 16, female aged over 14; (2) diagnosed as non-syndromic cleft lip and palate without systemic disease and other genetic diseases; (3) without previous orthodontic and orthognathic treatment; (4) having no other craniofacial malformation. Maxillary features and repaired types were recorded.

RESULTS93 patients were included and divided into two categories depended on the dental crowding. Class I: the teeth quantity and bone quantity is coordinated, space analysis ≤ 4 mm (mild dental crowding). The forward distance of maxillary less than 6 mm was defined as Class I a (36 cases) more than 6 mm as Class I b (28 cases). Class II: the teeth quantity and bone quantity is not coordinated, space analysis > 4 mm ( moderate or severe dental crowding). After the simulation of distraction osteogenesis, the anterior crossbite was corrected defined as Class II a (23 cases), not corrected defined as Class II b (6 cases). Class I a were corrected by conventional orthognathic surgery. While Class I b were corrected by Le Fort I maxillary advancement using distraction osteogenesis. Class II a were repaired just by anterior maxillary distraction. While Class II b need to combine conventional orthognathic surgery with anterior maxillary distraction. All the patients were satisfied with the treatment effect.

CONCLUSIONSThe patients of cleft lip and palate with maxillary retrusion who need orthognathic surgery can be classified as the method mentioned above, and then choose the appropriate operations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cleft Lip ; complications ; Cleft Palate ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; Retrognathia ; classification ; surgery

Objective To investigate the in vitro effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) on the replication of HBV with the participation of lymphocytes and to analyze the possible mechanism.Methods The HBV genomic DNA transfected HepG2.2.15 cell line was used to evaluate the HBV replication.Bone marrow and spleen samples were collected from BN rats for the isolation of BM MSCs and T lymphocyte cells, respectively.Five groups of co-culturing with different cells were designed in this study.The cellular activities of lymphocytes and HepG2.2.15 cells were detected at the time of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after co-culturing by using MTT method.The levels of HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) .T cell subsets in co-culture were measured by using fluores-cence labeled antibodies and flow cytometry analysis.ELISA was used to detect the levels of cytokines in the supernatant of cultured cells.Results Compared with HepG2.2.15 cells group, BM MSCs+HepG2.2.15 cells and splenic lymphocytes+HepG2.2.15 cells co-culture groups, the levels of HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA were significantly decreased in splenic lymphocytes+BM MSCs+HepG2.2.15 cells co-culture group after 48 h of culture [ HBV DNA: ( 181.000 ±14.731 ) IU/ml vs ( 6270.000 ±300.450 ) IU/ml, (2564.000±231.058) IU/ml, (2433.300±302.379) IU/ml;HBV cccDNA: (4.330×105 ±0.464×105 ) IU/ml vs (11.100×105±0.375×105) IU/ml, (8.930×105±0.778×105) IU/ml, (9.850×105±0.810× 105) IU/ml;P<0.01].The secretion of IFN-γin the supernatant of co-cultured cells was negatively corre-lated with HBV DNA level, but the levels of IL-10 and IL-22 were positively correlated with HBV DNA.The ratio of CD4+/CD8+cells was increased in splenic lymphocytes+BM MSCs+HepG2.2.15 cells co-culture group.The percentage of CD8+cells showed a positive correlation with HBV DNA.Conclusion BM MSCs could inhibit the expression of HBV DNA to enhance the clearance of HBV strains.It might be possibly due to rebalancing of Tc1/Tc2 cells and regulating the expression of autocrine agents and cytokines.

Objective To evaluate the effects of ulinastatin on hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation ( HS∕R)?induced acute lung injury in rats. Methods Fifteen SPF adult Sprague?Dawley rats, aged 2-3 months, weighing 300-400 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=5 each) using a random number table:sham operation group ( group S ) , HS∕R group and ulinastatin group ( group U ) . Carotid arteries were cannulated for blood pressure monitoring and blood?letting. HS∕R was induced by blood?letting and maintained for 1 h, followed by resuscitation with autologous blood transfusion and infusion of normal saline. After cannulation of carotid arteries ( T0 ) , at 5 min after hemorrhagic shock ( T1 ) , before resuscitation ( T2 ) , at 5 min after the expected blood pressure was achieved following resuscitation ( T3 ) , and at 30 min, 1?5 h and 2?5 h after resuscitation ( T4?6 ) , arterial blood samples were collected for determination of interleukin?6 ( IL?6 ) and tumor necrosis factor?α ( TNF?α) concentrations ( by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay) . Arterial blood samples were collected at T0 , T2 and T6 for blood gas analysis. The pH value, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide ( PaCO2 ) , HCO-3 and base excess ( BE) value were recorded, and oxygenation index ( PaO2∕FiO2 ) was calculated. Lungs were removed at T6 , and pulmonary specimens were obtained for examination of pathological changes which were scored, and nucleus was extracted for determination of nuclear factor?kappa B ( NF?κB ) p65 expression by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with group S, the pH values, HCO-3 , BE values and OI were significantly decreased, and PaCO2 , plasma IL?6 and TNF?α concentrations, expression of NF?κB p65 in lung tissues, and pathological scores were increased in U and HS∕R groups. Compared with group HS∕R, the plasma concentrations of IL?6 and TNF?α, expression of NF?κB p65 in lung tissues, and pathological scores were significantly decreased, and no significant changes were found in parameters of blood gas analysis in group U. Conclusion Although ulinastatin can alleviate HS∕R?induced acute lung injury, it is insufficient to improve lung oxygenation in rats.

Objective According to the fine artery anatomy of the lower lip, we developed an innovative partial-thickness myocutaneous flap based on the vascular network of the submucosal and subcutaneous layers of the lower lip.We attempted to treat the secondary bilateral cleft lip deformities using this innovative cross-lip flap.Methods From July 2009 to June 2015, this new technique was used in 98 patients with secondary bilateral cleft lip deformities.The central defects usually occurred in these patients.The defects were reconstructed partially or completely according to the severities of the defects.The operative procedures were as follows: The split flap was elevated from the posterior portion of the oris orbicularis muscle after the inferior labial arteries were divided.Then the partial-thickness flap was rotated 180 degrees horizontally and inverted 180 degrees upward to the upper lip defect.Results All 98 musculomucosal pedicle flaps were viable.The upper lips were reconstructed according to the severities.Conclusions This myocutaneous cross-lip flap with musculomucosal-pedicle has a more reliable blood supply, better flexibility and plasticity.It is an effective method for aesthetic reconstruction for the secondary bilateral cleft lip deformities.

Background Vitreous hemorrhage in long-term produces toxic substances and influent the metabolism of eye tissue.Lens capsule is found more thin and transparent in the eyes with chronic vitreous hemorrhage.To research the effect of vitreous hemorrhage to lens is very important for the choose of the phaco operative timing.Objective The aim of this work was to investigate the ultrastructural change of lens epithelial cells(LECs) in the eyes with experimental vitreous hemorrhage.Methods The autologous blood of 0.1 ml was intravitreally injected in the left eyes of 8 general New Zealand white rabbits,and the equal amount of phosphate buffered saline(pH7.4) was used at the same way in the right eyes.Vitreous and fundus were examined with direct ophthalmoscope on 1,3,5,9,15,20,25,30 days to assess the inflammatory response after intravitreal injection.The specimens of lens anterior capsule were obtained in 30 days after injection and the ultrastructure and apoptosis of LECs were evaluated under the transmission electron microscope. Results No obvious ocular inflammatory response was seen throughout the experimental duration,and there was no vitreous hemorrhage in the right eyes after intravitreal injection.The vitreous hemorrhage agglutinated with clear boundary in the left eyes on 1 day after intravitreal injection,and the hemorrhage turned into dark-red color on the fifth day.On the fifteenth day after injection,the hemorrhage mass became to be grey color and the vitreous liquefaction occurred in the left eyes.The hemorrhage disappeared until 25 days.But in the one month after injection of self-blood,the vitreous showed the deeper red color.The early apoptosis appeared in the LECs of the left eyes in the thirty day,presenting the enlargement and broaden of intercellular space,the decrease of mitochondria number,vacuolar change,expanse of endoplasmic reticulum and disappearance of the nuclear membrane structure. Conclusions Vitreous hemorrhage leads to the ultrastructural pathological changes of lens.