Humans ; Hyperplasia ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prosthesis Failure ; Stents ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; adverse effects ; Tunica Intima ; pathology

Objective To study the fetal developmental regulation and gestational weeks at labor for triplets pregnancies Methods To detect biparietal diameters and femoral length at different gestational weeks, record gestational weeks of labor and birth weights, and compare with those of singletons Results The fetal development of triplets slowed down from the beginning of the 28th gestational week compared with that of singletons (the mean difference was 2 1mm and 3 1 mm respectively, P

There is increasing evidence that microcirculation hypoxia plays an important role in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs)are transcriptional factors that serve as master regulators in ischemic and hypoxia injuries.Aims:To investigate the effect of HIF-2αon dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and its possible mechanism.Methods:Mx-Cre/LoxP recombination system was utilized to establish a conditional HIF-2αgene knockout (HIF-2α-/-)mouse model.C57BL/6,HIF-2α+/+and HIF-2α-/-mice were randomly allocated into DSS colitis group and water drinking group,respectively.Experimental colitis was induced by treatment with 4% DSS in drinking water for 7 days,and the disease activity index (DAI)was assessed daily.Mice in each group were sacrificed on day 1,3,5 and 7 in batch;the histopathological changes of colonic tissue were observed, and mRNA expressions of HIF-2αand tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by real-time PCR.Results:During model establishment,expression of HIF-2αmRNA in colonic tissue was elevated in C57BL/6 and HIF-2α+/+DSS colitis groups,and the DAI and colonic inflammatory score were significantly higher than those in C57BL/6 water drinking group (P<0.05 on day 5 and day 7).Compared with HIF-2α+/+DSS colitis group,HIF-2α-/-DSS colitis group had more severe colonic inflammatory injury and the DAI and inflammatory score were further increased (P all<0.05,except the inflammatory score on day 7);expression of TNF-αmRNA in colonic tissue was also increased significantly in HIF-2α-/-DSS colitis group (P<0.05 on day 5 and day 7).Conclusions:HIF-2αmay ameliorate colonic inflammatory injury in mice with DSS colitis via inhibition of TNF-αexpression.

This study was to investigate the relationship of dose-effect and time-effect of Alginate-Polylysine-Alginate (APA) microencapsulated bovine chromaffin cells on the treatment of pain model rats. Using a rat model of painful peripheral neuropathy, the antinociceptive effects of APA microencapsulated bovine cells transplanted into the subarachnoid space was evaluated by cold allodynia test and hot hyperalgesia test. Compared with control group, the withdrawal difference with cell number 50 thousands groups, 100 thousands groups and 200 thousands groups was reduced (P < 0.05), and the difference decreased with the cells increases, indicating a significant analgesic effect. There was no significant difference between 400 thousands groups and 200 thousands groups. This analgesic effect maintained longer than 12 weeks. There was a positive correlation between the analgesic effect and the quantity of APA microencapsulated bovine chromaffin cells which were transplanted to treat pain model rats, and the effective antinociception remained longer than 12 weeks.
Alginates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Analgesia ; methods ; Animals ; Cattle ; Chromaffin Cells ; transplantation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Compounding ; Implants, Experimental ; Pain Management ; methods ; Polylysine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Sciatica ; therapy

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Caffeic Acids ; pharmacokinetics ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactates ; pharmacokinetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the trieyelic antidepressant amitrip tyline in the treatment of patient with interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods Fifty-four patients diagnosed with IC were recruited in this prospective three-month clinical trial. The average course of patient's history was (40. 75±11.6)months, ranging from 19-72 months. All the 54 patients received oral administration of amitriptyline for 3 months. The initial dosage of amitriptyline was 25 mg per night. After 1 week, the dosage would be increased to 50 mg if the symptom didn't relief. After another 1 week, the dosage would be increased to 75 mg if the symptoms were still exist. The patients were kept on a minimum dosage which could relief patient's IC symptoms. Clinical symptoms, such as frequency per day, maximal voiding volume and odynuria degree score, O'Leary-Sant IC symptom and problem index and quality of life score were recorded and assessed at the beginning of the study and 3 months after the treatment. Results After 3 month treatment, the pre-treatment vs post-treatment parameters of frequency per day was 28.5±8. 4 vs 15.6±3.3, odynuria degree score was 6.4± 1.5 vs 2.2±1.5 and maximal voiding volume was 108.7±62.2 ml vs 171.0±53.9 ml respectively. There was significant improvement in all the above parameters comparing between the baseline and 3 months after the treatment. At the 3 months after treatment, the pre-treatment vs post-treatment O'Leary-Sant IC symptom and problem index and quality of life score was 26.9±4.0 vs 13.7±5.7 and 5.5±0. 5 vs 2.5±0. 6, receptively. There were significant decreases compared with the baseline. There was no serious adverse event after taking amitriptyline. Drowsiness occurred in 45 of the 54 patients at the first month administration. Of the 45 patients, 43 patients relieved and 2 patients quitted from the study. Mild weight increase was noted in 10 patients. Mild constipation was recorded in 11 patients. Mouth dryness was recorded in 9 patients. Three patients quitted because of suffering dysuria. Conclusions Oral administration of amitriptyline can effectively relieve clinical symptoms of IC and improve IC patients" quality of life. The side effects are well tolerated.

Purpose To evaluate the value ofintravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in diagnosis of liver fibrosis staging in rats.Materials and Methods Rabbit models of liver fibrosis at different stages were established.All rabbits were divided into four groups based on the pathological results of fibrosis grading as S1-S4.The 1VIM imagings with 8 b-values (0,50,100,200,300,800,1000,1200 s/mm2) were performed.The diffusion coefficient (D),perfusion-related coefficient (D*),and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated and compared between control (only injection of saline) and S 1 group,S2 and S3 group.Results The D value was significantly lower in S1 group compared with control group (P＜0.05),but the D* and f values showed no significant difference between the two groups (both P＞0.05).With the progression of liver fibrosis,the D,D* and f value decreased gradually;the D* value showed significant difference between S2 and S3 group (P＜0.05),but the D and f values showed no significant differences between the two groups (both P＞0.05).Conclusion The D value is useful for differentiation of normal liver and hepatic fibrosis of S1 stage,while the D* is valuable for differentiation of hepatic fibrosis of S2 and S3 stage.However,the f value neither could detect early fibrosis,nor could differentiate hepatic fibrosis staging.IVIM imaging provides a noninvasive method for early and accurate staging of liver fibrosis,which may be of great help in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) is one of the most effective compounds isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Up to now, several studies regarding the pharmacokinetic profiles of Sal A have been reported, however there is no such study reported in monkeys, the species which is more similar to human. The aim of this study is to develop a LC-MS method for the determination of Sal A in monkey plasma and apply it to the pharmacokinetic studies of monkeys. After single intravenous administration of Sal A, the plasma concentration-time curves were observed and the main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentration at 2 min (C2 (min)) values were (28.343 ± 6.426), (45.679 ± 12.301) and (113.293 ± 24.360) mg x L(-1) for Rhesus monkeys treated with Sal A at 2.5, 5 and 10 mg x kg(-1). The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-∞)) values were (3.316 ± 0.871), (5.754 ± 2.150) and (13.761 ± 2.825) μg x L(-1) x h, respectively. Furthermore, this method was improved and applied to the simultaneous determination of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C, which provided useful information for preclinical studies and clinical trials of Sal A, Sal B and Sal C.

Aniline Compounds ; blood ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of serum containing Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast induced by dexamethasone.

METHODSOsteoblasts were extracted from skulls in newly born (within 24 hours) SD rats, and digested with collagenase. The first passage of cells were used for experiments. Cells were cultured in the medium containing different concentrations of dexamethasone (0, 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6), 10(-5) ,10(-4) mol/L). Alkaline phosphatase staining were carried out after 1 week and numbers of mineralized nodes with alizarin red staining were observed after 3 weeks. Accordingly, following the treatment of 10(-5) mol/L dexamethasone for 1 week, cells were cultured in the medium with serum containing Gumibao (Chinese character: see text). One week after Cumibao (Chinese character: see text) treatment, cells were stained with Alkaline phosphatase and collagen I and PCNA were examined by Western-blot. However, the observation of numbers of mineralized nodes with alizarin red stain required one more week.

RESULTSHigh concentration of dexamethasone could inhibit the expression of PCNA, collagen I, alkaline phosphatase and reduce the number of mineralized nodes of osteoblast, while serum containing Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) could reverse the inhibition.

CONCLUSIONHigh concentration of dexamethasone could inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic cells, while serum containing Gumibao (Chinese character: see text) could reverse the inhibition.

Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen Type I ; analysis ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; physiology ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley