Objective To explore and analyze the effect of standard large trauma improved operation ( slow decompression ) and standard large trauma conventional surgical procedures ( sudden decompression ) in the treatment of elderly patients with severe craniocerebral injury ( SCCI) .Methods 100 elderly patients with SCCI were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group ,50 cases in each group .The control group was treated with conventional methods ( standard large trauma traditional surgical treatment ) , the observation group was treated with standard large trauma surgery improved operation .The effects and postoperative complications were observed and recorded.Results 1d,3d,5d,15d after operation,the intracranial pressure of the two groups were (272.3 ±19.1)mmHg, (285.4 ±18.2) mmHg,(218.2 ±18.3) mmHg,(168.4 ±17.3) mmHg;(302.1 ±23.1) mmHg,(310.3 ± 19.2)mmHg,(221.1 ±19.2)mmHg,(148.2 ±16.4)mmHg,which were changed significantly compared with preop-eration,the intracranial pressure gradually decreased as time passed ,the decrease of intracranial pressure in the con-trol group was more obvious than the observation group .The incidence rates of epilepsy ,cerebral infarction ,hydroceph-alus in the observation group were 2.0%,6.0%,0.0%,which were significantly lower than those in the control group (30.0%,36.0 %,26.0%),the differences between the two groups were significant (χ2 =14.85,13.56,14.96,all P<0.05).The number of patients with good prognosis ,the residual in the observation group were significantly more than the control group , while the number of severely disabled and vegetative state patients in the observation group were significantly less than the control group ,(χ2 =4.88,3.93,4.33,7.44,all P<0.05).Conclusion Standard large trauma improved operation ( slow decompression ) can effectively reduce intracranial pressure in elderly patients with severe fluctuations ,reduce the incidence of complications ,improve treatment prognosis ,it should be popularized in clinical practice .

Objective To study the compatibility of TCM prescriptions of TCM practitioners of all dynasties of Alzheimer disease (AD). Methods Amnesia, forgetting, dementia, and idiot were set as search words to retrieve relevant literature in Encyclopadia of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Prescription information was screened and standardized to build database. Frequency analysis and association rules were used to mine TCM prescriptions and compatibility rules. Results Totally 449 AD related prescriptions were selected, involving 682 Chinese medicinal herbs. The individual herb with the highest frequency was Ginseng Radix Rhizoma (192);the herbal pair with the highest frequency was Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Polyhalae Radix (182);the herbal combination with 3 Chinese medicinal herbs with the highest frequency was Poria with Hostwood-Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Polyhalae Radix (79);the herbal combination with 4 Chinese medicinal herbs with the highest frequency was Polyhalae Radix-Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Poria with Hostwood-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (37). The results of association rules showed that Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Polyhalae Radix, Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Ginseng Radix Rhizoma-Poria with Hostwood were commonly used compatibilities in AD related prescriptions. Conclusion Treatment of TCM practitioners in all dynasties for AD mainly chooses Chinese medicinal herbs with the efficacy of tonifying qi and soothing nerves. The compatibilities and combinations are reasonable and with certain representativeness.

OBJECTIVETo establish osteoblast apoptosis model induced by gingipains, and to examine the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 interacting mediator (Bim), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl-2 antagonist/killer (Bak).

METHODSGingipain and gingipain acticity were extracted and measured. Mouse osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the presence of 0.453, 0.906, 1.812 U/L gingipains for 0, 16, 24 and 48 h. Apoptosis was examined by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining or annexin V/propidine iodide (PI) staining.Protein expression of Bim, Bax and Bak was determined by Western blotting after osteoblasts were cultured with 1.812 U/L gingipain for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Osteoblasts were cultured with 1.812 U/L gingipain which had been inhibited with N-alpha-tosyl L-lysyl-chlorom ethylketone (TLCK). Western blotting was used to detect Bim expression and DAPI staining to measure apoptosis.

RESULTSArginine-specific proteinases (Rgp) activity was (18.11 ± 2.11) U/L and specific proteinases (Kgp) was (1.02 ± 0.25) U/L. Percentage of osteoblast apoptosis induced by 1.812 U/L gingipain rose to (6.31 ± 0.37)% after 16 h, and reached (11.20 ± 0.35)% at 24 h and (10.80 ± 0.46)% after 48 h with DAPI staining. Annexin V/PI staining supported the result from DAPI staining.Bim protein level increased during osteoblast apoptosis, the relative fold rose to (0.31 ± 0.03) after 4 h (about 2 fold compared to control), peaking at 24 h (0.57 ± 0.05, 3-4 fold compared to control). Proteinase inhibitor TLCK effectively blocked the activity of gingipain and inhibited up-regulation of Bim induced by gingipains from (0.58 ± 0.04) to (0.14 ± 0.03). The percentage of osteoblast apoptosis decreased from (11.20 ± 0.35)% to (4.31 ± 0.38)% in the presence of TLCK. Expression of Bax remained unchanged when cells were cultured with or without gingipains. Bak was under the detectable level in MC3T3-E1.

CONCLUSIONS1.812 U/L gingipains induced osteoblast apoptosis. Protein expression of Bim was up-regulated during cell apoptosis and was down-regulated when gingipain inhibited with TLCK, suggesting that Bim was involved in osteoblast apoptosis induced by gingipain. Inhibition of Bim protein expression protected osteoblast from apoptosis.

Adhesins, Bacterial ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Bcl-2-Like Protein 11 ; Cell Line ; Cysteine Endopeptidases ; pharmacology ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; metabolism ; Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone ; pharmacology ; bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

ObjectivesTo compare the clinical efficacy and complications of anatomic locking titanium plate （hereinafter referred to as “titanium plate screw”） and intramedullary nail in the treatment of distal tibial fractures.Methods From September 2019 to September 2021， 32 patients diagnosed with AO-A fracture of distal tibia at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were included in this study. Of these， 15 cases were treated with titanium plate screws and 17 cases were treated with intramedullary nails. General surgical indexes， fracture healing time and postoperative operation were compared between the two groups.ResultsAll patients were followed up for 10 to 20 months， with an average of 12 months. The operative time and intraoperative fluoroscopy times of intramedullary nail group were longer than those of titanium plate screw group， but the preoperative waiting time and hospitalization days was less or were fewer than those of titanium plate screw group， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in fracture healing time between the two groups （P> 0.05）. At 6 weeks after operation， VAS scores in both groups were lower than those before operation， with statistically significant difference （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in VAS scores between the intramedullary nail group and the titanium plate screw group （P> 0.05）. AOFAS scores 6 months after surgery， ankle joint motion and complication rate 1 year after surgery in intramedullary screw group were better than those in titanium plate screw group， and the differences were statistically significant （P< 0.05）. There was no significant difference in AOFAS scores between the two groups at 1 year after operation （P> 0.05）.ConclusionTitanium plate screw and intramedullary nail are both effective methods for the treatment of distal tibial AO-A fracture， and there is no significant difference in long-term clinical efficacy. Intramedullary nail has fewer soft tissue complications， less impact on ankle motion， faster recovery and higher safety， while titanium plate screw has a higher probability of postoperative soft tissue infection. We suggest that in clinical work， preoperative evaluation of patients should be done well. Under the premise of grasping the indications， intramedullary nail has fewer complications and certain advantages.

Objective : To investigate the differential expression of mitochondrial microRNAs (mitomiRs) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and to screen out mitomiRs related to chemotherapy resistance. Methods : Mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and total cellular RNAs were extracted from the squamous cell carcinoma cell line CAL-27 and the cisplatin-resistant cell line CAL-27-re. High-throughput miRNA microarrays were used to screen for differentially expressed mitomiRs between the drug-resistant and parental cells. The upregulated mitomiRs in the CAL-27 and CAL-27-re cells and in samples from chemoresistant and chemosensitive tongue squamous cell carcinoma patients were verified by qRT-PCR. Results: The microarray detected 263 miRNAs in 6 components of the mitochondrial, cytoplasmic and total cellular RNAs from the CAL-27 and CAL-27-re cells, including 57 mitomiRs and 134 cytoplasmic microRNAs (cytomiRs). Compared with the total miRNAs, 35 mitomiRs were upregulated in the CAL-27-re cells, and 31 mitomiRs were upregulated in the CAL-27 cells (≥ 1.5-fold). Further comparative analysis of mitomiRs that were differentially expressed between the parental and drug-resistant cells identified 11 upregulated mitomiRs (miR-2392, miR-4462, miR-1290, miR-4449, miR-1268a, miR-1246, and miR-371a-5p, miR-3934-5p, miR-4271, miR-513p, and miR-664b-3p) and 5 downregulated mitomiRs (miR-188-5p, miR-1973, miR -3653, miR-4499, and miR-5787); the expression levels of the other 41 mitomiRs were almost identical in both cell lines. The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the miRNA microarray results. The 11 upregulated mitomiRs that were validated between the CAL-27 and CAL-27-re cells included miR-1268a, miR-2392, miR-4462, and miR-1290. Additionally, 5 mitomiRs, including miR-4449, were upregulated in the clinical chemotherapy-resistant tongue squamous cell carcinoma samples. Conclusion Differentially expressed mitomiRs were found between cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells. mitomiRs with high expression levels (miR-2392, miR-4462, miR-1290, miR-4449 and miR-1268a) may play important roles in the drug resistance of tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the correlation of CCBE1 expression in adjacent tissues of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) with pericancerous lymphatic vessel proliferation, cervical lymph node metastasis and survival outcomes of the patients. METHODS: Lymphatic vessel density was quantified in pericancerous tissue sections of 44 cases of cT_1-2N₀ TSCC using D2-40 as the lymphatic vessel endothelial marker for calibration and counting of the lymphatic vessels. Of these 44 cases, 22 showed a relatively low lymphatic vessel density (group A) and the other 22 had a high lymphatic vessel density (group B), and the expression levels of CCBE1 in the adjacent tissues determined using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting were compared between the two groups. The expression level of CCBE1 was also measured in another 90 patients with TSCC using immunohistochemistry, and all the patients were followed up for their survival outcomes. RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed a significantly lower rate of high CCBE1 expression in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed co-localization of CCBE1 and D2-40 in the adjacent tissues of TSCC. In the 90 TSCC patients with complete follow-up data, a high expression of CCBE1 was found to correlate with lymph node metastasis and a poor 5-year survival outcomes of the patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A high expression of CCBE1 in the adjacent tissues of TSCC is closely related with pericancerous lymphatic vessel proliferation, cervical lymph node metastasis and a poor 5-year survival of the patients, suggesting the value of CCBE1 as a potential prognostic predictor for TSCC.
Humans ; Tongue Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism* ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Lymphatic Vessels/pathology* ; Cell Proliferation ; Tongue/pathology* ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo screen human stem cell factor (hSCF) mimetic peptides in vitro with a phage-display random peptide library.

METHODSPhage clones with high hSCF receptor (rc-kit/Ig 1-3)-binding activity was screened from phage-displayed random hepta/dodecapeptide library by phage enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Phage single DNA was extracted and sequenced. Four kinds of peptide with higher c-Kit/Ig 1-3 binding activity were chosen for synthesis and characterized by using cell proliferation assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method in UT-7 cells.

RESULTSEleven Ph.D.-C7C clones and eight Ph.D-12 phage clones with high hSCF receptor-binding activity were selected from phage-displayed random hepta/dodecapeptide library, respectively. Sequence analysis showed there were no homologous sequence between hSCF and these screened mimetic peptides except one homologous sequence DPSPHTH found in heptapeptide library. All these four synthesized peptides (CE3, CE16, LE4, and LE20), particularly CE16 and LE20, stimulated UT-7 cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONFour hSCF mimetic peptides were successfully isolated from phage-displayed random peptide library..

Humans ; Peptide Library ; Peptides ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Stem Cell Factor ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To explore the protective effects of proanthocyanidins pretreatment on intestinal function after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group (group A, n=8), ischemia-reperfusion group (group B, n=8) and proanthocyanidins pretreatment group (group C, n=8). The model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats was established according to Longa's method. Group C was intraperitoneally injected with proanthocyanidins 10 mg/(kg ⋅ d), group A and group B were injected with normal saline for 5 consecutive days. 1 and 3 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, ileum myoelectric slow wave and smooth muscle contractility, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured, the content of the serum TNF-α was tested with ELISA kit, ileum tissues were tested with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and used for measuring the moisture content. Results Compared with group B 1 and 3 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the intestinal mucosa injury relieved, the intestinal mucosa score decreased (P<0.05) and the number of infiltrated inflammatory cell decreased in group C; the frequency of slow wave and contraction trended to increase (P>0.05), and the amplitude increased (P<0.05) in group C; the serum SOD activity increased (P<0.05), and the content of MDA and TNF-α decreased (P<0.01) in group C; the intestinal moisture content reduced (P<0.01) in group C. Conclusion Proanthocyanidins pretreatment can protect intestinal function from injury after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

OBJECTIVEThis study was aimed to investigate the effects of carbon monoxide releasing molecule (CORM-2), a novel carbon monoxide carrier, on the reendothelialization of carotid artery in rat endothelial denudation model.

METHODSMale rats subjected to carotid artery balloon injury were treated with CORM-2, inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The reendothelialization capacity was evaluated by Evans Blue dye and the immunostaining with anti-CD31 antibody. The number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was detected by flow cytometry. The proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were assessed by using [3H]thymidine, Boyden chamber and human fibronectin respectively. The expressions of protein were detected by using western blot analysis.

RESULTSCORM-2 remarkably accelerated the re-endothelialization 5 d later and inhibited neointima formation 28 d later. In addition, the number of peripheral EPCs significantly increased in CORM-2-treated rats than that in iCORM-2 or DMSO-treated rats after 5 d later. In vitro experiments, CORM-2 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration and adhesion of HUVECs. The levels of Akt, eNOS phosphorylation, and NO generation in HUVECs were also much higher in CORM-2 treated group. Blocking of PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway markedly suppressed the enhanced migration and adhesion of HUVECs induced by CORM-2.

CONCLUSIONCORM-2 could promote endothelial repair, and inhibit neointima formation after carotid artery balloon injury, which might be associated with the function changes of HUVECs regulated by PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.

Animals ; Carbon Monoxide ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Carotid Artery Injuries ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carotid Artery, Common ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo assess and compare the peri-implant stress distribution of three posterior implants under immediate loading with 4 different bone qualities using three dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analysis.

METHODSA 3D finite element model representing three implants in a portion of mandible at the 654 region was developed, and three implants received a crown each. Four types of bone qualities (B1, B2, B3 and B4) were designed for the model. Load of 100 N was applied on the occlusal surfaces of the crowns at a 45° angle to the vertical axis of the implants.

RESULTSVon Mises stresses in the peri-implant bone of 4 in bone quality from B1 to B4 were (13.17 ± 9.32), (12.95 ± 9.14), (15.00 ± 9.44), and (16.81 ± 10.74) MPa, and those of 5 were (15.51 ± 10.32), (14.73 ± 8.96), (16.79 ± 8.40), and (18.34 ± 8.45) MPa. Stress in bone quality B4 showed the highest value, followed by B3 bone, the lowest stress were found in B1 and B2 bone. It was significantly different (P < 0.05). However, von Mises stresses in different quality of bone around 6 [(42.45 ± 25.71), (41.66 ± 25.29), (42.70 ± 23.24), (42.06 ± 23.66) MPa] were close to each other, and were as twice or three times as those of 4 and 5, irrespective of different bone qualities.

CONCLUSIONSThe stress distribution around implant under immediate loading was not only affected by different bone qualities, but also by the direction of loading, and the latter may have a greater impact when a severe load delivered.

Bone Density ; physiology ; Dental Cementum ; physiology ; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth ; Dental Stress Analysis ; methods ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical