Objective To study the choice of diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) according to the onset characteristics. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 36 young and 1 283 elderly patients with AMI, who were treated between Dec. 2006 and Jan. 2012 in our hospital. The risk factors, clinical characteristics and diagnosis/treatment strategies were analyzed. Results (1) The young patients accounted for 2.7% of all the AMI patients in our study, with most of them being male (97.2%). AMI with ST-segment elevation accounted for 94.4% (34/36) among the young AMI patients, often with risk factors like smoking and dyslipidemia, scarcely with hypertension or diabetes. In the young patients the incidence rates of cardiogenic shock, heart failure and arrhythmia were 5.6% (2/36), 16.7% (6/36), and 5.6% (2/36, respectively, and there was no death during treatment or follow-up. (2) Among the 33 young patients receiving coronary angiography, 21 (63.6%) had single vessel lesions, mostly involving the left anterior descending artery and resulting in anterior myocardial infarction. Among the 15 young AMI patients who received emergent coronary angiograpy, 6 (40%) had heavy thrombus burdern but had slighter coronary stenosis, and they did not receive stent treatment. Conclusion AMI should be considered when young male patients with smoking history, dyslipidemia and chest pain. Young AMI patients often have single vessel lesions and better prognosis, and they need timely revascularization.

Objective To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of establishing an aortic valve regurgitation canine model by minimally invasive peripheral vascular catheter method. Methods A total of 10 healthy canines were selected in this study. An aortic insufficiency animal model was established by percutaneous femoral artery puncture and aortic dilatation. Aortic angiography and transthoracic echocardiography were used to evaluate aortic valve regurgitation immediately after operation. Results Aortic valve regurgitation animal models were successfully established in all the 10 canines. Two canines died of acute left ventricular failure due to the large aortic regurgitation after the operation. Six surviving canines had moderate aortic regurgitation and two had slight aortic regurgitation; they survived for more than 1 month. Conclusion It is feasible to establish an aortic regurgitation canine model by minimally invasive peripheral vascular catheter method.

Objective To investigate the relationship between autonomic nervous reflex and early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) using diving reflex test and cold pressor test. Methods A total of 102 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were recruited in the present study. All patients underwent diving reflex test and cold pressor test before and after RFCA. The relationship between mean heart rate and early recurrence of atrial fibrillation was observed. Results Circumferential pulmonary vein isolation was successfully achieved in all the 102 patients. The mean heart rate was decreased by diving reflex test and increased by cold pressor test. The diving reflex of the participants was significantly decreased after RFCA (P<0.05), and the cold pressor test results had no noticeable change. The diving reflex in patients with early recurrence of atrial fibrillation was more intensive than those without (P<0.05). Conclusion The parasympathetic activity is decreased in atrial fibrillation patients after RFCA, and the decrease may be related to the early recurrence of atrial fibrillation after RECA.

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in serum of patients with cerebral infarct and to explore the effect of sICAM-1 on cerebral infarct.

METHODSThe serum levels of sICAM-1 in 55 patients with cerebral infarct both in acute stage(within 2 days) and convalescence(2 weeks after attack) were detected by using ELISA. At the same time, we compare the results with those of 32 patients having other neurologic diseases(20 patients with sciatica, 12 with trigeminal neuralgia) and 30 healthy subjects.

RESULTS(1) The serum levels of sICAM-1 of patients with cerebral infarct (acute stage: 766+/-179 microgram/L, convalescence: 602+/-155 microgram/L, respectively) were significantly higher than those of the control groups(530+/-77 microgram/L and 521+/-116 microgram/L, respectively, P<0.01). (2)There was a positive correlation of SICAM levels with the amount of leukocytes in acute stage(r=0.285,P<0.05), but negative correlation to clinical severity of cerebral infarct(r= 0.333,P<0.05). And there was no significant correlation between the level of sICAM-1 and the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum(r= 0.042 and r=0.061, respectively, P>0.05). (3)There was no significant difference between sICAM levels of patients of cerebral cortex infarct and those of patients with basal ganglia infarct(773+/-178 microgram/L and 758+/-183 microgram/L, respectively, P>0.05). (4)The levels of sICAM-1 between patients of cerebral infarct with or without hypertension were no significant difference(774+/-189 microgram/L and 754+/-165 microgram/L, respectively, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe levels of sICAM-1 increase significantly in patients with cerebral infarct. sICAM-1 may participate in the pathophysiologic process through inflammatory mechanism.

Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; blood ; physiology ; Leukocyte Count ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE Bergapten (BG), is a furanocoumarin derived from herbal and citrus extracts can act as antioxidant and selective anticancer agents.The current study aimed to investigate whether bergapten would attenuate immunosenescence and to exploreits immunomodulatory effects on immune responses in D-galactose-induced aging BALB/c mice.METHODS Firstly,mice were given D-galactose(180 mg·kg-1)subcutaneous injections for 30 d.To evaluate the establishment of the aging-related effect in mice, serum samples of BALB/c mice were collected from tail vein. Aging BALB/c mice were freely divided into three groups: negative control group received 1% Tween 80 solution only, named D-gal group. Positive groups were received BG administration at the dose of 20 and 100 mg·kg-1, named D-gal+BG(20)group and D-gal+BG(100)group,respectively.Effects of bergapten on T lympho-cyte proliferation and flow cytometry were assessed by using the splenic cell suspension. Enzyme linked immunospot kits were used to quantitatively determine interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and interleukin-4(IL-4) levels of the isolated serum. Immunophenotype was determined by using mixture of antibodies includ-ing anti-CD3,anti-CD4,and anti-CD8.RESULTS Bergapten(20 mg·kg-1)therapy can modulate immu-nity against viral epidemics and attenuate aging-induced immune deficiency(P<0.01),which was correlat-ed with the decline in the activation of the Th and Tc responses in D-galactose induced aging BALB/c mice.According to the in vivo results,bergapten exposure up-regulated the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-4 in T-helper 1(Th1)and T helper 2(Th2)cells(P<0.05,P<0.01).Additionally,BG(20 mg·kg-1)restored antigen-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells in aging models (P<0.05, P<0.01), which may help to curing chronic infections. CONCLUSION The beneficial effect of bergapten in D-galactose induced aging BALB/c mice may be due to the Th and Tc responses activation.

Objective To analyze the HLA-A ,B and DRB1 alleles high-resolution polymorphism in Chongqing Han population . Methods The PCR-SSOP and PCR-SBT methods were applied for the HLA high-resolution genotyping of 2 067 unrelated healthy donors in the registry of Chongqing branch of Chinese National Marrow Donor Program (CMDP) .The allele frequencies of HLA-A , B and DRB1 were estimated by the direct counting method and the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium inspection was performed by using the Arlequin software 3 .1 .Results 168 high-resolution alleles were detected out ,in which 42 alleles of A*11 :01 ,A*24:02 ,A*02:07 ,A*02 :01 and A*33:03 at the HLA-A locus were observed with the frequencies greater than 0 .05 ;81 alleles were detected at HLA-B locus ,including B*46 :01 ,B*40:01 ,B*58 :01 ,B*13 :01 and B*15 :02 with the frequencies greater than 0 .05 ;45 al-leles of DRB1*09:01 ,DRB1*15 :01 ,DRB1*12 :02 ,DRB1*08 :03 and DRB1*11 :01 at the HLA-DR locus were observed with the frequencies greater than 0 .05 .Conclusion The data of the HLA-A ,B and DRB1allelic frequencies at high-resolution level in Chongqing Han population are obtained ,which provides the reliable reference data for the studies of anthropology ,forensic medi-cine ,transplantation matching and disease association .

To investigate the function of ALK3 gene, the gene regulation and the signaling pathway related to ventricular septum defect during heart development. The model mice with ALK3 gene knock-out via alpha-MHC-Cre/lox P system were bred. The mRNA expression level of control group was compared with that of experiment group and ALK3 downstream genes were screened using PCR-select cDNA subtraction microarray. The mRNA of control group was extracted from E11.5 normal mouse hearts, and that of experiment group, from E11.5 hearts of mice with alpha-MHC Cre(+/-) ALK3(F/+) genotype. It was found that the mice with ALK3 gene knock-out produced heart defects involving the interventricular septum. The platelet-activating factors acetylhydrolase and the transcription factor Pax-8 and so on, were down-regulated. However, the Protein Tyrosine Kinase (PTK) of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) subfamily and beta subtype protein 14-3-3 were up-regulated in the alpha-MHC Cre(+/-) ALK3(F/-) mice. These data provide support that ALK3 gene played an important role during heart development. The platelet-activating factors acetylhydrolase and Pax-8 genes could be important ALK3 downstream genes in the BMP signaling pathway during interventricular septum development. PTK and beta subtype protein 14-3-3 might be regulatory factors in this pathway.
1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; genetics ; metabolism ; 14-3-3 Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genotype ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; PAX8 Transcription Factor ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of the combination of musk and olibanum on the tight junction protein expressions in prostatic epithelial cells of normal and chronic prostatitis (CP) rats.

METHODSEighty male SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups of equal number: normal control, normal musk, normal olibanum, normal musk + olibanum, CP model control, CP model musk, CP model olibanum, and CP model musk + olibanum. At 60 days after modeling, the rats in the control, musk, olibanum, and musk + olibanum groups were treated intragastrically with normal saline, musk (0.021 g per kg body weight per day), olibanum (1.05 g per kg body weight per day), or musk + olibanum respectively, all for 3 days. Then, all the rats were sacrificed and their prostate tissues harvested for detection of the expressions of the tight junction proteins Claudin-1, Claudin-3, Occludin, and ZO-1 in the prostatic epithelial cells by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSIn the CP models, only the expression of Claudin-1 was significantly increased. In the normal rats, the expression of Claudin-1 was remarkably upregulated after treated with musk (824.6 ± 393.3, P < 0.05), olibanum (982.0 ± 334.0, P < 0.05), and musk + olibanum (1088.1 ± 640.2, P < 0.01); that of Claudin-3 was elevated markedly by olibanum (1 009.5 ± 243.6, P < 0.05) and insignificantly by musk (597.5 ± 80.7), but the increasing effect of olibanum was reduced by musk + olibanum (678.4 ± 255.1). No statistically significant differences were found in the expression of Occludin among the rats treated with musk (693.0 ± 424.8), olibanum (732.1 ± 302.0), and musk + olibanum (560.2 ± 202.3), or in that of ZO-1 in the animals treated with musk (290.0 ± 166.8) and olibanum (419.7 ± 108.1), but the latter was markedly decreased in the musk + olibanum group (197.7 ± 98.2, P < 0.05). In the CP rat models, both the expressions of Claudin-1 (823.0 ± 100.1, P < 0.01) and Occludin (1160.0 ± 32.2, P < 0.05) were significantly increased. The expression of Claudin-1 was remarkably down-regulated by musk (764.9 ± 179.0), olibanum (468.4 ± 220.4), and musk + olibanum (335.1 ± 204.0) (all P < 0.05), but that of Claudin-3 up-regulated by musk (744.6 ± 94.5) and olibanum (700.1 ± 223.7) (both P < 0.05). The expression of Occludin was reduced by musk (615.0 ± 221.0), olibanum (749.6 ± 321.7), and musk + olibanum (505.8 ± 523.7), while that of ZO-1 increased by olibaum (443.2 ± 44.9) and decreased by musk + olibanum (213.5 ± 24.9, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn physiological and pathological conditions, the combination of musk and olibanum acts on the expressions of tight junction proteins in prostate epithelial cells in a selective and dual-targeting manner, promoting their permeability by down-regulating the expression of ZO-1 and maintaining their structural stability by regulating the expressions of Claudin-1, Claudin-3, and Occludin.

Animals ; Claudins ; metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; Frankincense ; chemistry ; Male ; Occludin ; metabolism ; Prostate ; cytology ; Prostatitis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tight Junction Proteins ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Objective To understand the common types and clinical characteristic of central venous catheter extubation and to analyze the causes in order to provide the basis for ameliorating the clinical first aid measures and countermeasures .Methods Fifteen patients with central venous catheter extubation complication from 2010 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed so as to understand the situation of extubation complication and clinical characteristic of every case .Results In 33 210 patients with central venous catheter , 15 patients were suffered from the complication of extubation (15/33 210, 0.05%).The types of extubation complication were consisted of catheter extubation difficulty ( 12/15, 80.0%), abnormal bleeding ( 2/15, 13.3%), cardiopulmonary arrest (1/15, 6.7%).12 patients with catheter extubation difficulty were completely pulled out catheter through local massage , change of position and hot compress , and one patient with extubation unexpected syndrome recovered the breathing and heartbeat through positive rescue , and two patients with abnormal bleeding stopped bleeding through the pressing hemostasis .Conclusions The main cause of central venous catheter extubation complication is that the correct method of extubation is not fully mastered , and the positive first aid should be carried out in order to save the patients in the occurrence of extubation unexpected syndrome, and the strict and formal operation can prevent the extubation complication .

OBJECTIVETo investigate a non-syndromic deafness family in which potential interaction between the GJB2 gene and a mitochondrial gene appeared to be the cause of hearing impairment.

METHODSAudiological examination was performed by pure-tone audiometry (PTA). Blood samples from 8 members of the pedigree were obtained. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes. The coding region of the GJB2 gene and mitochondrial DNA target fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analyzed by sequencing.

RESULTSDirect sequencing showed that the proband had both a heterozygous mutation of 235delC in the GJB2 gene and a mitochondrial 1555 A to G mutation. The proband had profound hearing loss. The maternal relatives had sensorineural hearing loss in the higher frequencies or no hearing loss.

CONCLUSIONThe GJB2 mutations may be an aggravating factor in the phenotypic expression of the non-syndromic hearing loss associated with the A1555G mitochondrial mutation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alleles ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hearing Loss ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide