Character Repertoires are supported by DICOM to encode Characters in different languages, in which UTF-8 and GB18030 are for Chinese characters. Each of them can replace Acquiesced Character Repertoire in Attribute Specific Character Set so that Chinese characters can be encoded in data elements. Utility programs compatible with DICOM are also required to support UTF-8 or GB 18030 for unerring representation and encoding.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; complications ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome ; complications ; Vomiting ; etiology

Evidence has indicated that low doses of anti-tumor regimens can induce cell apoptosis in vitro, although different regimens induce apoptosis by different mechanism and pathway. In recent years, new tumor treatment strategy has been mainly focused on inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The present review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of inducing tumor cell apoptosis. The benefit of inducing apoptosis is not to cause inflammatory reaction, but as its disadvantage, it inhibits immune responses, and the phagocytosis of apopotic bodies may result in horizontal transfer of genes (including oncogenes and other oncogenic materials), which can be one of the causes of tumor relapse. This paper proposes that the tumor treatment strategy should be turn into promoting tumor cell necrosis and inducing anti-tumor immune responses.
Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Humans ; Necrosis ; chemically induced ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVEThis review aims to identify the dimensional structure of the shortened dentine hypersensitivity experience questionnaire (DHEQ-15) using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA).

METHODSThe Chinese language version of DHEQ-15 was applied to 210 patients with dentine hypersensitivity aged 18-70 years old. The three-dimensional construct was confirmed by CFA.

RESULTSAll the questionnaires were fully completed. The item "Because of the sensations, I take longer to finish a meal than others" was the most frequently reported by the parents. The modified three-factor model is suitable for the data. The chi-square fit statistics/degree of freedom was 2.213, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.905, the adjusted goodness-of-fit index was 0.872, the normed fit index was 0.845, the incremental fit index was 0.962, the Tucker-Lewis index was 0.969, the comparative fit index was 0.977, and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.068.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings generally support the three-dimensional construct of the DHEQ-15. Thus, DHEQ-15 can be used as a valid instrument in patients with dentine hypersensitivity in China.

·AIM: To evaluate the recurrence rate and safety of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) augmented with mitomycin C (MMC) compared with amniotic membrane transplantation alone during the pterygium excision.·METHODS: We took a meta-analysis on this program.Pertinentstudieswereselectedthroughextensive searches of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE,CBMdisc, CNKI. Pooled estimates were carried out in RevMan software V4.2.·RESULTS: Six trials reported postoperative recurrence rate of pterygium, included 882 eyes, three trials reported the complications. The results of meta-analysis showed that recurrence rate of AMT plus MMC group was 5.41％,AMT alone group was 16.89％, relative risk (RR) was 0.32, 95％CI ranged from 0.19 to 0.56, Zwas 4.06, P< 0.001. Two trials reported early complication as punctata keratitis, the incidence rate of AMT plus MMC group and AMT alone group were 17.14％ and 0.00％, RR was 12.11,95％CI ranged from 1.62 to 90.76.·CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane transplantation with MMC is associated with lower recurrence rate compared with amniotic membrane transplantation alone in pterygium excision,whether accompanied a higher risk with adverse events need more investigation.

Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of major causes of blindness in elder people.Intraocular injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -A regimen has made big breakthrough for the treatment on choroidal neovascularization of wet AM D,while long-term follow-up and necessary retreatments are the key issues to remain obtained visual acuity.Multiple strategies of wet AMD have been used in following-up and retreating based on the visual acuity,optical coherence tomography (OCT),ophthalmoscope and fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) in abroad.However,there also are major differences in the patient' s composition,treatment habits and distribution of medical sources in China from Western.So we suggest to standardize the follow-up and retreatment strategies about intravitreal injection of VEGF-A for wet AMD as to achieve a better effectiveness.OCT-guided individual follow-up and retreatment strategies should be very helpful for maintaining a long-term efficacy,minimizing the treatment time and reducing medical cost.

Objective To understand the situation of iodine deficiency disorders of Cangzhou city, Hebei province, in order to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods From 2007 to 2009, dynamic monitoring of iodine deficiency disorders was carried out in low iodized salt coverage places Hejian city and Xian county. Nine towns were randomly chosen in each county, 4 administrative villages were randomly selected in each town, 8 household salts were tested in each village. Every year, 1 - 3 copies of residents water samples were collected for determination of iodine; more than 100 students age 8 - 10 years old were checked the situation of goiter and urinary iodine, more than 40 students selected were measured iodine content of salt from their home; more than 50 women of childbearing age 18 - 40 years were tested of urinary iodine. Thyroid was examined with palpation; water iodine and urine iodine concentration were measured with arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry; salt iodine was detected by direct titration. Results From 2007 to 2009,median household salt iodine were 4.3,15.9,3.6,18.4,4.6,11.7 mg/kg in Hejian city and Xian county, respectively,iodized salt accounted for 34.03% (98/288), 78.82% (227/288), 29.86% (86/288), 84.72% (244/288), 37.15%(107/288),49.31% (142/288), respectively, the consuming rate of iodized salt were 27.08% (78/288),36.46%( 105/288 ), 28.13% (81/288 ), 49.31% ( 142/288 ), 37.15 % ( 107/288 ), 30.90% ( 89/288 ), respectively. Ten samples of drinking water were tested, water iodine were 5.5 - 34.4 μg/L. From 2007 to 2009, the goiter rate of students aged 8 - 10 years old was below 5%, the median of urinary iodine were 138.1,176.6,112.0 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 31.6% ( 65/206 ), 25.0% ( 52/208 ) and 44.4% (91/205 ). The median of urinary iodine of child-bearing age women were 167.3,164.2,78.1 μg/L, ＜ 100 μg/L ratio were 28.7%(29/101 ), 19.2%(20/104) and 60.0%(60/100).Conclusions In areas with low coverage of iodized salt, iodine nutrition level are affected, the child-bearing age

AIM: To evaluate the effect of the chosen incision on corneal astigmatism after implantable collamer lens ( ICL) surgery.
METHODS:The study included 195 eyes of 102 patients, and all eyes were randomly divided into two groups: the chosen incision group ( Group A, 97 eyes) and temporal corneal incision ( Group B, 98 eyes ) . Before the operation, and 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after the operation, each patient was examined with corneal topography to observe the changes of corneal astigmatism.
RESULTS: Preoperative corneal astigmatisms were (1-26±0. 35) D in group A and (1. 28±0. 38) D in group B, thus there was no statistically significant difference ( P>0-05). One week postoperatively, the astigmatism were (0.93±0.29)D in group A and (1.32±0.33)D in group B. One month postoperatively, the astigmatism were (0. 85±0.16)D in group A and (1.27±0.18)D in group B. Three months postoperatively, the astigmatism were ( 0. 80±0-13)D in group A and (1. 25±0. 20) D in group B. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION: The chosen incision can reduce postoperative astigmatism to a certain extent after ICL surgery.

Objective To set a rapid,simple gene diagnosis method for Down syndrome.Methods Three short tandem repeats(D21S11,D21S1270,D21S1437)loci in or near Down syndrome critical region(DSCR) were analyzed and detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA quantitative analysis in 11 core ancestry.Results There were four types by DNA quantitative analysis to different individuals at a short tandem repeats(STR) locus.In type one,a homozygote of one allelic gene was detected.In type two,a normal heterozygote of two allelic genes was found,the content or two DNA electrophoresis bands was approximately 1∶1.In type three,a Down syndrome patient of two allelic genes was discovered.The quantity of two electrophoresis bands was nearly 2∶1.In type four,the patient showed three DNA electrophoresis bands which the content was approximately 1∶1∶1.Conclusion A rapid gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis method for Down syndrome can be used for quantitative analysis of STR polymorphism loci.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of Caroli′s disease in children.Methods The clinical data,laboratory examination and radiological feature of 8 children with Caroli′s disease between Feb.1998 and Dec.2007 were analyzed retrospectively.All children underwent CT and abdominal ultrasonogram.Results Five cases of the 8 children were male and 3 cases were female.The mean age was 6.3 years old.The cases′ history were from 5 days to 4 months.The clinical symptoms showed that 3 cases had hematemesis,5 cases had hepatosplenomegaly,and 1 case had fever and turbid urine.Of the total 8 cases,5 cases were hepatic fibrosis and liver cirrhosis and hepatosplenomegaly,3 cases were portal hypertension,and 1 case had cholangitis.The other 3 cases were simple types.One case had infantile polycystic kidney disease.Laboratory analysis revealed 2 cases had dysfunction of liver and 1 dysfunction of renal.The imaging characteristics showed multiplied irregular dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts in enlarged liver,with central dot sign on CT scan.One case presented enlarged gastroesophageal vein.The 8 cases undertook conservative treatment,with no surgery.Conclusions The symptoms of Caroli′s disease are highly variable.Caroli′s disease should be focused especially on children with abdominal pain and hepatomegaly.CT is important for diagnosis of Caroli′s disease at earlier stage.The disease can be conservatively treated,and(or) surgically operated.