Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases ; prevention & control ; Phytotherapy

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Breast Neoplasms ; chemistry ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Menopause ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Receptors, Estrogen ; analysis ; Receptors, Progesterone ; analysis ; Tamoxifen ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEThis study aims to test the accuracy and precision of iWitness photogrammetry for measuring the facial tissues of mannequin head.

METHODSUnder ideal circumstances, the 3D landmark coordinates were repeatedly obtained from a mannequin head using iWitness photogrammetric system with different parameters, to examine the precision of this system. The differences between the 3D data and their true distance values of mannequin head were computed.

RESULTSOperator error of 3D system in non-zoom and zoom status were 0.20 mm and 0.09 mm, and the difference was significant (P 0.05). Image captured error of 3D system was 0.283 mm, and there was no significant difference compared with the same group of images (P>0.05). Error of 3D systen with recalibration was 0.251 mm, and the difference was not statistically significant compared with image captured error (P>0.05). Good congruence was observed between means derived from the 3D photos and direct anthropometry, with difference ranging from -0.4 mm to +0.4 mm.

CONCLUSIONThis study provides further evidence of the high reliability of iWitness photogrammetry for several craniofacial measurements, including landmarks and inter-landmark distances. The evaluated system can be recommended for the evaluation and documentation of the facial surface.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the theoretical knowledge level of Chinese students majoring in stomatology based on the problem-based learning (PBL).MethodsThe Cochrane reviewer's handbook was followed by.Domestic published articles from 1989 -2010 were selected by computer and handwork.All these retrieved studies were controlled clinical trials related to oral theoretical education and were conducted by PBL and the traditional teaching methods.The quality of included studies was critically evaluated and the data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.0.1 software.ResultsA total of 138 articles were selected,but only 8 were included.Significant differences were found when the data were pooled(P ＜ 0.01,I2 =80％ ) and random effect model was used for meta-analysis.The results showed that comparing with the traditional teaching methods,PBL can improve the theoretical score of dental students [ MD 5.39,95％ CI(2.20,8.58)],and sensitivity analysis showed that the result was stable.ConclusionPBL can improve the theoretical score of Chinese students majoring in stomatology.However,as part of the studies are not high quality literature,the above conclusion needs to be verified by more large sample-sized,rigorously designed randomized controlled clinical trials.

Objective:To explore the postoperative complications of different incisions of parotidectomy in benign parotid tumor and the impact on life quality.Methods:62 patients with benign parotid ttmor underwent improved parotidectomy in our hospital from January 2010 to January 2015 were selected and randomly divided into group A and group B.The patients in group A were using improved S incision,and the patients in group B were using postauricular concealing incision.Then the perioperative indexes,complications after surgery and the influences to life quality of 2 groups were observed and compared.Results:The surgery time,blood loss,postoperative suction drainage and hospital stays of 2 groups had no great differences (P＞0.05).The early and forward complication rate of group A was 29.03 ％ and 25.81％ respectively,of group B was 19.35 ％ and 12.90 ％ respectively.There were no differences between them (P＞0.05).The scores of pain and emotion after surgery of group A were getting better,and appearance,smell and chewing function was getting worse than before surgery with statistically significance (P＜0.05).The scores of pain and emotion after surgery of group B were getting better than before (P＜0.05).The scores of appearance and emotion of group A were worse than those of group B with statistically significance (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Using postauricular concealing incision can obtain good life quality and safety for the patients with benign parotid tumor,which is superior to improved S incision,worthy of clinical applications.

Objective To investigate the effects of exosomes from cultured human retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells affected by oxidative stress on the proliferation and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and Akt of ARPE-19 cells. Methods Culture ARPE-19 cells. The concentration of 2.5μmol/L rotenone was selected to simulate oxidative stress and isolated ARPE-19-exosome. Exosomes were isolated by ExoQuick exosome precipitation solution. Transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the morphology of exosomes. Western blot was used to detect exosomes’ surface-specific maker protein CD63. ARPE-19 cells affected by oxidative stress were cultured with exosome as experimental group, normal ARPE-19 cells were cultured with exosome as control group. The cell proliferation was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the expression levels of VEGF-A and Akt protein. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of VEGF-A mRNA and Akt mRNA. Results The diameter of normal ARPE-19-exosomes ranged from 50 to 150 nm. The isolated exosomes expressed CD63. AREP-19 cells were cultured with ARPE-19 (affected by rotenone)-exosome, the cell viability in experimental group was significantly reduced than in the control group. Green fluorescence was observed in the cytoplasm under fluorescence microscope. Compared with the control group, VEGF-A was up-regulated expressed and Akt was down-regulated expressed. Western blot results showed that, VEGF-A protein expression in the experimental group were higher than the control group. Akt protein expression in the experimental group were less than the control group. The difference was statically significant (t=3.822, 6.527;P<0.05). RT-PCR results showed that VEGF-A mRNA expression levels was higher in the experimental group than the control group. Akt mRNA expression levels was lower in the experimental group than the control group. The difference was statically significant (t=8.805,?7.823;P<0.05). Conclusions Exosomes from ARPE-19 cells affected by oxidative stress inhibit the proliferation of normal ARPE-19 cells, increase the expression of VEGF-A and reduce the expression of Akt.

Objective To investigate the effect of arginase (Arg) inhibitor N-ω-Hydroxy-L norArginine (nor-NOHA) on high glucose cultured rhesus macaque retinal vascular endothelial cell line (RF/6A) in vitro.Methods The RF/6A cells were divided into the following 4 groups:normal control group (5.0 mmol/L of glucose,group A),high glucose group (25.0 mmol/L,group B),high glucose with 125 mg/L nor-NOHA group (group C),and high glucose with 1％ DMSO group (group D).The proliferation,migration ability and angiogenic ability of RF/6A cells were measured by Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT),transwell chamber and tube assay respectively.The express of Arg Ⅰ,eNOS,iNOS mRNA of RF/6A cells were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression of NO and interleukine (IL)-1b of RF/6A cells.Results The proliferation,migration,and tube formation ability of group A (t=2.367,5.633,7.045;P＜0.05) and group C (t=5.260,6.952,8.875;P＜0.05)were significantly higher than group B.RT-PCR results showed the Arg Ⅰ and iNOS expression in group B was higher than that in group A (t=6.836,3.342;P＜0.05) and group C (t=4.904,7.192;P＜0.05).The eNOS expression in group B was lower than that in group A and group C (t=4.165,6.594;P＜0.05).ELISA results showed NO expression in group B was lower than that in group A and group C (t=4.925,5.368;P＜0.05).IL-1b expression in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (t=5.032,7.792;P＜0.05).Conclusions Nor-NOHA has a protective effect on cultured RF/6A cells in vitro and can enhance its proliferation,migration and tube formation.The mechanism may be inhibiting the oxidative stress by balancing the expression of Arg/NOS.

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism is associated with the onset of Alzheimer disease (AD), most of the researchers reported that ApoE ε4 allele accounts for familial AD as well as for sporadic AD.OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to validate the relationship between ApoE gene polymorphism and the sporadic AD in Aged Adults in Urumqi, and to evaluate the value of ApoE gene for prediction the risk of sporadic AD.DESIGN: Controlled comparative study based on patients.SETTING: It was conducted at the Institute of Clinical Medicine and the Neurological Department of Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: From January 2001 to January 2003, 60 aged inpatients and outpatients at the Neurological Department of Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA and elderly in the Old People's Home were screened for AD. Of all these participants,28 were males and 32 were females, with an age from 52 to 91, in average of (74.2±19.5) years old, They had 0-16 years education, in average of 4.43 years, 28 were illiterate, 13 were at primary school educational level,12 were at junior middle school educational level, 4 were at high school educational level and 3 were at college educational level. From February to December 2002, 90 genetically unrelated individuals with healthy physical examination findings in Xinjiang area were selected into control group, 59males and 31 females, with an age from 50 to 101 years old, in average of (69.9±25.5) years old, have 0-16 year's education, in average of 7.96years. Of all the controls, 14 were illiterate, 23 were at primary educational level, 25 were at junior middle school educational level, 21 were at high school educational level and 7 were at college educational level. Informed consents were obtained from all the participants.METHODS: 5 Ml blood samples, anticoagulated with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), were drawn from each participant. Then genome DNA was extracted from peripheral white blood cells using the phenolchloroform method. A fragment containing polymorphism site in exon 4 of ApoE were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were digested with Hha I and were identified using electrophoresis and silver staining. Then, ApoE genotypes and the frequency of ApoE alleles were compared between AD group and control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① ApoE genotypes and the frequency of ApoE alleles were measured in AD group and control group. ② The frequency of ApoE alleles were calculated in participants with different sex,age and educational level in AD group and control group.RESULTS: Sixty patients with AD and 90 healthy individuals participated this investigation. All of them entered the statistical analysis procedure.① The frequency of ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4 alleles was higher in AD group than in control group (26.67%,11.11%; 3.33%, 1.11%; P ＜ 0.05). The frequency of e2/ε3 in AD group were lower than control group (5.00%,14.00%, P ＜0.05). ② The frequency of ApoE ε4 allele were higher in AD group as compared with control group (17.50%, 7.22%, P ＜ 0.05). The frequency of ApoE ε2 allele were lower in AD group (6.67%, 13.33%, P ＜ 0.05). ③ The frequency of ApoE ε4 allele in females were higher in AD group than in control group (20.97%, 5.00%, P ＜ 0.01). ④ In AD group, patients ≥ 75 years old have a lower frequency of ApoE ε4 allele compared to those less than 75 years (8.57%, 30.00%, P ＜ 0.01). And in individuals less than 75 years old, the frequency of ApoE ε4 allele were higher in AD group than that in control group (30.00%, 7.02%, P ＜ 0.01). ⑤ In illiterate persons and the individuals with only primary school educational level, the frequency of ApoE ε4 allele were higher in AD group than that in control group (10.00%, 0.56%, P ＜ 0.001; 5.00%,1.12%, P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: ① It is proved that ApoE ε4 allele is significantly associated with sporadicAD in Urumqi and ε3/ε4 is the major genotype. ② ApoE ε2 allele has a protective effect on onset of AD. ③ Those individuals，female,less than 75,lower educational level or carrying ApoE ε4 allele take a higher risk of AD.

Objective To study the effects of X-ray radiation on CC-chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) expression in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.Methods Humanadenocarcinoma cells of the line A549 were cultured and irradiated by X-ray at the absorbed doses of 2,4,6,and 8 Gy respectively by linear accelerator (with the source skin distance of 100 cm and dose rate of 442.89 cGy/min).The relative levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein expression in the A549 cells were respectively detected by real time-PCR and Western blotting 4,12,24,48,and 72 h after radiation.Untreated A549 cells were used as control group.Results The expression levels of CCR7 mRNA and protein in the A549 cells began to increase since 4 h after radiation and then decreased gradually after they reached the peak.The CCR7 mRNA expression levels 72 h after radiation of the 6 and 8 Gy groups were still significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 6.75-7.26,both P < 0.01),and the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 2 and 6 Gy group were still significantly higher than those of the control group(t=11.13-14.17,both P <0.01).Then the CCR7 protein expression levels of the 4 and 8 Gy groups decreased to the control group level 48 and 72 h after radiation respectively.Conclusions The CCR7 mRNA and protein expression levels in the NSCLC cells increase after X-ray irradiation,which may be correlated with the promotion of proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells by X-ray irradiation at a certain dose.

Objective To investigate the effect of physician guidance on cigarette cessation in current smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Cigarette cessation education and routine telephone follow-up was provided for 70 COPD patients.Pulmonary function and exhaled carbon monoxide level were detected every 3 months.Results After 6 months' follow-up,28 participants(40.00%) successfully quitted cigarette smoking.Seventeen subjects (24.28%) experienced relapse,with mean cessation time(3.08±0.33) months.Once receiving physician guidance,5 re-attempted to quit cigarette smoking,and 12 reduced tobacco consumption. Sixteen subjects(22.86%) did not quit smoking,although the mean cigarette consumption per day was decreased by 60%.Nine participants (12.86%) showed no change in smoking habit. Conclusion Physician guidance could impreve the rate of cigarette cessation in COPD patients.Intensive intervention may be correlated with successful smoking cessation.