Objective To study the effect of pelvic floor electric stimulation on bladder function in goats. Methods 18 goats were randomized into the stimulating and the control group. Results In the stimulating group,the bladder capacity significantly increased by 24%,the voiding pressure significantly declined by 24% and the metabolic level of the detrusor cells is significantly lower. Conclusions Electric stimulation of the pelvic floor would inhibit bladder contraction and may be helpful in the management of instable bladder and stress incontinence.

Objective To evaluate clinical significance of detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP) in the damage of the upper urinary tract secondary to neurogenic voiding dysfunction. Methods 38 cases of voiding dysfunction received the urodynamic test,especially detecting of detrusor leak point pressure. Results 38 cases were divided into 2 groups by DLPP of 4.0 kPa,26 in high DLPP group and 12 in low DLPP group.The bladder capacity of the high pressure group is (422.95?183.27)ml,significantly less than the low pressure group (464.83?106.43)ml,and its compliance is lower as well as with DSD.Clinical results of B ultrasound,IVU,BUN,Cr show that the high pressure group has more serious than that in the low pressure group. Conclusions DLPP is valuable in evaluating the damage of upper urinary tract secondary to neurogenic voiding dysfunction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of renal and upper ureteral stones . Methods A total of 97 patients with renal and upper ureteral stones were treated with modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy in our hospital from October 2012 to February 2016.Under general anesthesia (90 cases) or epidural anesthesia (7 cases), a flexible ureteroscope was used to find renal or ureteral calculus and holmium laser lithotripsy was applied at a maximum energy of 1.2-1.6 J/10 -12 Hz (12-20 W).F6 or F7 double-J stents and catheters were routinely placed postoperatively .B-ultrasonography , KUB or CT were performed to evaluate the stone free rate 4 weeks after operation . Results Two patients suffered ureteral perforation due to stenosis and tortuosity of the ureter , and were given double-J stent placement under rigid ureteroscopy for 2 weeks and then flexible ureteroscopic treatment .Six patients underwent staged operations because of ureteral strictures .The operations were successful in the remaining 89 patients.Except for unsuccessful exploration in 3 cases of lower calyx calculi , the operation time of other 94 patients was 30-190 min (mean, 100 min).The stone detection rate was 96.9%(94/97), and the stone free rate was 88.6% (86/97).The stone free rates were 100.0% (25/25) for upper and middle calyx calculi, 75.0%(9/12) for lower calyx calculi, and 85.1% (23/27) for pelvis and multiple calyx calculi. Ureteral perforation was encountered in 2 cases.No massive hemorrhage occurred .Postoperative high fever was seen in 5 cases, with a body temperature of 38.5-39.3℃, which were cured after anti-infection treatment for 2 -7 d.The patients were discharged from hospital in 2-7 days (mean, 3.3 days) after operation.Review with B-ultrasonography, KUB or CT at 4 weeks after operation found 5 cases of residual stones >4 mm, including 3 cases located in lower calyx and 2 cases in multiple calyx . Conclusion Modular flexible ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser lithotripsy is effective and safe for the treatment of renal calculi .

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcomes,complications and urodynamic parameters of using tension-free vaginal tape-obturator(TVT-O)in the treatment of patients with stress urinary incontinence.Methods Preoperative and postoperative evaluations including urodynamic data and quality of life were performed for 24 patients with stress urinary incontinence who were enrolled and treated with TVT-O between May 2007 and June 2011.Results Patients completed long-term postoperative follow-up from 12 to 60 months after surgery.Twenty-one(87.5％)patients achieved long-term subjective success and 22(91.7％)achieved objective success.Surgical satisfaction and quality of life was high.Long-term postoperative abdominal leak point pressure of 23 patient was greater than 100 cm H2O,and the remaining parameters preoperative and postoperative showed no significant differences.Voiding difficulty and external reflection voding desire were the main long-term complications.Conclusions TVT-O is with few complications and high patient satisfaction.It is a simple,safe and effective procedure for treatment of patients with stress urinary incontinence.Long follow-up period is important for the comprehensive evaluation of TVT-O.Postoperative urodynamic study has significance in complications,diagnosis and evaluation.

The emerging technologies change rapidly in the medical field, refresh the medical ethical scenari-os, brought some medical ethical blind spot.Therefore, building the platform of academic research, making use of the new media, MOOC and“flipped classroom”, inheriting the native“The Spirits of A Great Physician” in tradi-tional Chinese medicine and western medicine, life ethics education and sublation of new exploration, the ideolog-ical and moral education for medical students is expected to be improved in China.

Objective To investigate the different compatibility of tripterygium wilfordii on its attenuation and synergistic effects through applying Leigongteng decoction and its demolition decoctions on nephrosis rats,and to select the optimizing decoction to treat nephrotic syndrome.Methods 110 Wister rats were divided into 11 groups randomly,which were 9 groups of nephrosis model groups (including Leigongteng group,Leihe group,Leigui group,Leiqi group,Leigongteng ecoction group,Leijin group,Leigan group,prednisone group and nephrosis model group) and 2 blank groups (normal control group and normal Leigongteng group),10 rats in each group.The normal control group and normal Leigongteng group was intravenous injected with 0.65 ml sodium chloride in caudal vein; 9 groups of nephrosis model groups were injected with 0.65 ml adriamycin.The prednisone group was selected for positive control,24h urine protein,total protein,albumin,urea nitrogen,and creatinine were tested with automatic biochemistric meter.Results ALB (27.58±2.62)g/L,Leigan group Compared with(92.60± 18.12) mg in Leigongteng group,the urine protein in Leigongteng diction group(48.60± 11.75) mg,Leiqi group (53.20± 13.21) mg,and Leigan group (56.40 ±16.52) mg were reduced.Compared with the Leigongteng group TPR(58.98±4.84) g/L,ALB (20.98 ± 3.49) g/L,the Leigongteng decoction group [TPR (68.47 ± 5.25) g/L,ALB (28.97± 3.01) g/L],TPR and ALB in Lei-Qi group TPR(68.21 ±4.19) g/L,TPR(67.51 ± 5.42) g/L,ALB (26.56± 1.89) g/L were all elevated.Compared with Leigongteng group chol (1.48 ± 0.65) mmol/L TG (1.70 ± 1.58) mmol/L,chol and TG in the Leigongteng decoction group chol(0.78±0.13)mmol/L,TG(0.56±0.14)mmol/L,Lei-Qi group chol (0.70±0.13) mmol/L,TG (0.65±0.12) mmol/L,and Leigan group chol (0.97±0.33) mmol/L,TG(0.66±0.18) mmol/L were lowered; compared with Leigongteng group,UN (14.20 ± 2.12) mmol/L,Cr (78.10 ± 6.14) μmol/L,UN and Cr in the Leigongteng decoction group UN(7.59±0.78) mmol/L,Cr(39.60±8.33) μmol/L,Leigan group UN (9.48 ± 0.82) mmol/L,Cr(38.30±7.89)μmol/L,and Leijin group UN(9.71±1.33) mmol/L,Cr(41.40±6.45) μmol/L,Leigui group UN(8.30±1.12) mmol/L,Cr(36.90±6.15) μmol/L were all reduced with significant differences (all P＜0.05).The changes of Kidney morphology and ultrastructure pathology in Leigongteng different combination groups were lighter than the control groups.Conclusion Leigongteng decoction group,Leiqi group,Leigan group had synergistic actions,while Leigongteng decoction group,Leigan group,Leijin group,and Leigui group had kidney toxicity-reducing actions.

Objective To optimize the extraction process of Jingzhi Guanxin Recipe. Methods With the amounts of tanshinone ⅡA,salvianolic acid B,paeoniflorin,ferulic acid and hydroxysafflor yellow A as observation parameters,uniform design method was used for the optimization of wet-shattering extraction process of Jingzhi Guanxin Recipe. Results The optimum extraction process was as follows:adding 6-fold 95 %alcohol for the first time of exaction,adding 6-fold 60%alcohol for the second time,adding 6-fold 20 %alcohol for the third time,and shattering for 10 minutes every time. Conclusion This optimized process is efficient,economic and simple.

To investigate the mechanism of detrusor instability, using an apparatus to measure energy regulated tonicity and length of muscle strip in vitro , detrusor instability in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and spinal cord injuries (SCI) after pharmacological intervention was studied. The detrusor of both groups contracted under definite tension. Contraction of DI strips occurred under lower tension and under same tension the frequency of contraction was higher in DI detrusor than the normal one. There were no obvious changes when the detrusor strips were treated with M receptor antagonists, ATP or VIP. Muscarinic receptor agonist could increase the excitability of detrusor. The increase of detrusor excitability plays a major role in the occurrence of DI. The excitability is independent on neurogenic factors.

Objective To observe the goats' urethral urodynamic and biochemical changes after electrical pelvic floor stimulated. Methods 18 goats were randomized into the stimulating group with pelvic floor stimulation and the control group. Results After being stimulated,the urethral continence length significantly increased by 7.8%( P

Objective To explore neuronal damage in epileptic patients after seizures.Methods The serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the epileptic patients were dynamically determined after seizures by enzyme-linked immuno-sandwich assy. Results The serum and CSF levels of NSE in the epileptic patients were markedly increased after seizures. The serum levels of NSE peaked 1 day after seizure, decreased about one week later,and then returned to normal after two weeks or so. The serum and CSF levels of NSE were much higher in the epileptic patients with tic or frequency.Conclusion NSE in serum and CSF could reach higher levels after seizures, suggesting that neuronal damage may result from seizures,especially when tic and frequency occur.