BACKGROUND: A total of 300 SD rats were used for blood sampling. In abdominal aorta approach, the best puncture point was the abdominal aortic bifurcation 1-3 mm towards the heart, with a success rate of 93.6%. In posterior orbital venous plexus approach, the needle was vertically inserted into the inner canthus and rotated toward the eyeground to open venous plexus (success rate 89.9%). In cardiac puncture approach, below the xiphoid process, the needle punctured into the skin with 25°-30° oblique upward, through the diaphragm until 2.5-3.0 cm deep (success rate 83.4%). In tail end approach, surgical scissors cut off 5-10 mm tail top (success rate 94.4%). In jugular vein approach, the needle was horizontally inserted along the fourth rib into the skin until the jugular vein, about 5 mm deep, at 30°-40° with the chest surface (success rate 80.9%). A large blood volume could be obtained by abdominal aorta approach, which leads to less haemolysis and no hurt to organs, no gas embolism or haemostasis caused by inappropriate operation. But each approach has advantages and drawbacks, the selective principle should be based on experimental require.

Objective Compared with the effect of thromboembolectomy assisted with intraoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and traditional method,evaluate the value of intraoperative DSA on surgical procedures for acute lower limb arterial embolism. Methods Sixeight cases of traditional thromboembolectomy to take on the operation (group A) and 72 cases under the DSA operation (group B)were analyzed during January 2005 to December 2009, Comparing two sets of operation (time, the amount of bleeding and the ankle brachial index changes before and after the surgery , amputations rate). Results The operation time of group B [(76 ±17) min] was less than that of group A [(95 ± 22) min, t =5. 736, P ＜ 0. 01] ; the amount of bleeding of group B [(83 ± 35 ) ml] was significantly less than group A [(102 ± 58 ) ml, t = 2. 362, P ＜ 0. 05]; The difference of ABI in group B after the operation than before (0. 32 ±0. 08) than that in group A(0. 25 ±0. 12) had remarkably improved ( t =2. 33, P ＜0. 05) ;there were 8 patient amputations in group A and 2 in group B ( u = 2. 06 , P＜ 0. 05 ); there were 2 patients died in group A and one in group B ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Thromboembolectomy assisted with DSA can be accurate assessment of the arteries embolism position, elevate the success rate in the operation ,reduce the rate of amputation saws.

Objective To observe the influence of warm ischemia time on acquisition of rat pancreatic islets and islet function.Method Male Wistar rats were used.After heart beats stopped,the pancreases in four groups of rats were harvested,and warm ischemia time was 0,15,30 and 45 min separately.The pancrease was preserved in UW at 4℃C for 8 h,and subjected to injection of collagenase solutions.After islets were acquired,the purity,survival rate and islet activity were tested,and statistical analysis was performed.Result The number of islets obtained in 0 min group,15 min group,30 min group and 45 min group was (433 ± 41),(396 ± 38),(350 ± 31) and (66 ± 17)IEQ/one,islet viability was 94％,88％,77％ and 25％,and purity was 88％,78％,60％ and 32％,and insulin release index was 2.38 ± 0.23,2.25 ± 0.18,2.19-± 0.18 and 1.25 ± 0.12,respectively.There was no significant difference in islet number,purity,survival rate and activity 15 min group and 30 min group between 15 min group or 30 min group and 0 min group (P＞0.05).There was significant difference between 45 min group and 0 min group in islet number,purity,survival rate and activity (P＜0.05).The survival rate and purity in 45 min group were lower than the clinical standards for islet transplantation (survival rate ＞ 75％,and purity ＞ 50％).Conclusion Warm ischemia time of 15 min in non-heart-beating brain death(NHBD) rats had no effect on islet isolation and purification.Warm ischemia time within 30 min showed no significant influence on islets of NHBD rats,which can be used in islet transplantation.Warm ischemia time at 45 min showed significant influence on islets of NHBD rats,which can't be used in islet transplantation.

BACKGROUND:The use of donor rat of cardiac death inevitably experiences warm ischemia injury, so the length of warm ischemia time plays a significant role on the number and function of pancreatic islet obtained. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Exendin-4 on pancreatic islet function of donor rats with cardiac death at different heat ischemia time. METHODS:Islet cells from Wistar rats were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into three groups according to the experimental conditions:0, 30, 45 min heat ischemia groups. Each group was further assigned into two subgroups, control group was cultured for 24 hours while experimental group wad cultured with 10 nmol/L Exendin-4 for 24 hours. The number of isolated pancreatic islets was calculated with diphenylthiocarbazone staining, and the purity of the extracted islets was adjusted. The viability of the islets was examined by AO/EB staining, and insulin secretion index assay was used to detect the function of the islets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the time of heat ischemia increasing, the number, purity, viability and function of islet cells obtained were decreased. After the cells in heat ischemia 0, 30, 45 min groups were cultured with 10 nmol/L Exendin-4 for 24 hours, the number, purity and viability of isolated and purified islets were increased compared to the group without added Exendin-4. There was significant difference between experimental group and control group in 30-minute and 45-minute ischemia groups (P<0.05). Exendin-4 can protect pancreatic islet cells in donor rats with cardiac death at different heat ischemia times, reduce the apoptosis, and improve islet survival and functions. The use of Exendin-4 can be an effective pretreatment method at early ischemia phase of islet transplantation.

Objective To evaluate serum cystatin C combined with dipstick proteinuria as early markers to predict AKI available before surgery.Methods We prospectively followed 616 patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Univariate as well as multivariate regression was performed.Cystatin C combined with dipstick proteinuria before surgery was assessed for its' predictive value of AKI using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves.Results Patients in higher cystatin C quartiles were older(P ＜ 0.001),more often to have heavy proteinuria(P =0.021),hyperuricemia(P ＜ 0.001),heart failure(P ＜ 0.001)and recent MI (P =0.002).Those with heavy proteinuria were more often to have diabetes mellitus (DM) (P =0.010),hyperuricemia (P =0.043),worse cardiac function (P ＜ 0.001),higher creatinine levels (P ＜ 0.001) and lower eGFR levels (P ＜0.001).In a multiple logistic regression model,preoperative heavy proteinuria(OR =3.14) and preoperative cystatin C quartiles each associated with an increased odds of AKI,independent of advanced age (OR =1.04),hypertension (OR =1.88) and combined surgery(OR =3.47).The risk for adverse outcomes such as postoperative AKI,persistent AKI,severe AKI,dialysis and mortality were highest in patients with highest quartile of cystatin C(P ＜0.05,respectively) and heavy proteinuria (P ＜ 0.05,respectively).The area under the ROC curve(AUCs) for preoperative cystatin C combined with proteinuria to detect AKI,persistent AKI and severe AKI were 0.695,0.753 and 0.718,P ＜0.001 respectively.Conclusion These data suggest that preoperative serum cystatin C combined with dipstick proteinuria may improve prediction of AKI among patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

AIM: To investigate the antitussive and antiasthmatic activities and diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed. METHODS: The antitussive and antiasthmatic activities in vivo (hypersensitivity) and in vitro (functional experiments) of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed were investigated. The diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed also were studied on rat and rabbit models. RESULTS: The processed Morrus alba L. could inhibite histamine-induced airway hypersensitivity. It's diuretic activity was lower but its antitussive activity was better. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there are some differentes between Morrus alba L. before and after being processed in antitussive, antiasthmatic and diuretic activities. The diuretic activity of crude Morrus alba L. is superior to the processed Morrus alba L. But its antitussive and antiasthmatic activities are inferior to the processed Morrus alba L.

0.05).The side effects of thiamphenicol was more little than the other.CONCLUSIONS The treatment bacterial vaginosis with thiamphenicol is effective and safe and the side effects is a little.

A case of lipoblastomatosis occuring in a 1 year and 10 month old boy is described. The tumor was first presented in the left foot at his age of 4 month, and was surgically removed. The tumor was grossly infiltrating skeletal muscle tissue, and was microscopically composed of lobulated fat tissue with prominent myxoid stroma and many immature mesenchymal cells and scattered multivacuolated lipoblasts. The tumor recurred 11/2 years later and was again removed. The tumor was equally lobulated and located inbetween skeletal muscle. However, this time lobulated tumor consisted almost entirely of mature fat tissue with scattered lipoblasts.

Objective To investigate the long-term prognosis and possible risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)following cardiac surgeries. Methods Clinical data of 941 patients undergoing open heart surgery from January 2004 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Survival and renal function of above patients were informed through telephone or clinic follow-up till February 2010.Long-term survival was analyzed using risk-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Of the 941 patients after cardiac surgery,275(29.2%)developed AKI and 666(70.8%)did not.Survival was worse in patients with AKI(67.8%vs 85.6%,P<0.01)and was proportional to its severity (AKIN 1,2 and 3 stages:70.7%,62.3%and 58.6%,P<0.01).Although 90.5% of patients had complete renal recovery after AKI at discharge of hospital,they still had an increased risk for death during follow-up compared with patients without AKI (69.6% vs 85.6%,P<0.01).In the Cox proportional hazards regression model,age(HR=2.238),anemia (HR=1.625),prolonged operation time (HR=1.153),AKI severity (HR=1.473)were independent risk factors for long-term prognosis after cardiac surgery.At the end of the follow-up,patients with AKI had statistically higher Scr than non-AKI patients(107.6 μmol/L vs 83.0 μmol/L,P=0.014),and among those AKI patients,34.0%progressed into CKD 3-5 stages,34.8%developed double serum creatinine. Conclusions AKI is a risk factor for the long-term prognosis of cardiac surgery.Patients with complete renal recovery after AKI still has an increased risk for death and poor renal function compared with patients without AKI.

Objective To discuss the method and effect of large renal staghorn calculi by anatrophic nephrolithotomy (AN).Methods Fifty-two patients with large renal staghom calculi underwent AN.Bilateral renal calculi disease was present in 3 patients,so that a number of 55 procedures were operated.Preoperative evaluation included urinalysis,urine culture,renal function,and ultragound,CT,KUB and IVU.A flank incision was between the 11th and 12th ribs and the kidney was freed.After interrupted renal pedicle in situ hypothermia,the renal parenchyma incision was made along the avascular plane which is outside in the back of the kidney.The collecting system was opened.The calculi were removed.The collecting system was reconstructed.The renal parenchyma was closed and the renal circulation was reestablished.The protected management of renal function was made intraoperative.Postoperative follow-up consisted of urinalysis,renal function,ultrasound,KUB,IVU and ECT.Results The operative time was (117±45) minutes.The renal ischemia time WaS (29±15)minutes.Five cases underwent blood transfusion.Mean amount of blood transfusion was 230 ml.Four cases had remained calculi.The stone-free rate was 92.3%.No recent complication occurred after operation.Postoperative follow-up indicated that renal function was normal.Conclusions AN is the most appropriate method for patients with large renal staghorn calculi because of the highest stone-free rate,the lowest stone-recurred rate and a safe and effective operative procedure with less complication.Renal function damages just little through a series of protected management.Nephrectomy is avoided to part of patients.