PURPOSE: There have been global initiatives and efforts over the last decade to manage patient safety. Thus aims of this study were to examine university hospital nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture and levels of safety control, and to identify factors that affect patient safety management activities. METHODS: Participants were 222 nurses who had worked as nurses for more than one year and who conducted patient safety management activities at a university hospital. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS/WIN 20.0 computer program. RESULTS: General factors which positively impacted nurses' patient safety management were total length of work in nursing, total length of work in present hospital, and experience of a patient safety accident along with safety factors of perception of communication about accident related events and frequency of reporting accident events. These variables explained 45% of the variance in patient safety management activities. CONCLUSION: The findings from this study suggest solutions to promote patient safety management activities in hospitals and provide basic background for nursing education intervention strategies to promote safety control and patient safety management activities intended for nurses.
Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing ; Patient Safety* ; Safety Management

With the aim of establishing bio-indices for the development of multistep hepatotumorigenesis, rats were fed water containing 0.01% diethylnitrosamine (DEN) ad libitum for 13 weeks. This treatment with DEN only made it possible to induce hepatic tumors in 100%. After the DEN administration, several clinical symptoms were observed including minor behavioral changes, brittleness of hair and a decrease in water and food intake. The concentration of total serum protein and albumin in all treated groups was significantly lower than in non-treated controls (p<0.05). Increase of specific enzyme (AST, ALT and GGT) activity (p<0.05), variable tumor size and hepatomegaly of the liver was observed in all rats treated with DEN for 10 weeks. Both hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma were found in the same livers at the same time, and were prominently developed after 12 weeks. In case of carcinoma, some of the livers showed more or less advanced states over the 12-15 weeks period. In the present study, hepatocellular carcinoma was developed by treating DEN in only the drinking water, without any other carcinogens or without partial hepatectomy. These results indicate that DEN is a new carcinogen that acts directly on it the liver, moreover, it might be very useful for investigating hepatotumorigenesis.
Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Biological Markers/blood ; Carcinogens ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Diethylnitrosamine/toxicity ; Liver/drug effects/*pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/blood/chemically induced/*pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/blood/*pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma*

No abstract available.
Cystadenoma*

PURPOSE: Airway eosinophilic inflammation is a characteristic feature of asthma. Sputum analysis can be used as a non-invasive tool to assess severity of the airway inflammation. This study was performed to compare relationships between sputum eosinophils to other parameters of airway inflammation and to evaluate the clinical utility of sputum eosinophils and ECP in childhood asthma. METHODS: A total of 40 asthmatic children over 6 years of age were divided into two groups : Group A of 15 current symptomatic subjects and Group B of 25 stable asymptomatic subjects with history of asthma for 2 weeks. Eosinophils in induced sputum were compared with the severity of asthma symptom, pulmonary function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness by methacholine, sputum ECP, blood eosinophils and serum ECP. RESULTS: 1) Asthmatics had a significantly higher proportion of sputum eosinophils than the control subjects (15.2+/-17.8% VS 3.8+/-4.5%, P<0.01). Group A had a significantly higher proportion of sputum eosinophils than group B (22.9+/-21.7% VS 11.2+/-14.8%, P<0.05). 2) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with symptom scores in asthmatics (r=0.76, P<0.01), inversely correlated with FEV1 in group A (r=-0.65, P<0.01) and with LogPC20 in group B (r=-0.45, P<0.05). 3) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with sputum ECP for group A; r=0.77 (P<0.01) and for group B; r=0.39 (P<0.05) but not correlated with serum ECP. 4) Sputum eosinophils were correlated with blood eosinophils in group A (r=0.67, P<0.05), but not in group B. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the proportion of eosinophils and the level of ECP in induced sputum may be sensitive and accurate means of assessing the airway inflammation in childhood asthma, and their relationships with blood eosinophils or serum ECP are to be studied further.
Asthma* ; Child ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Sputum*

Vanadate is a trace element in animal tissues and has been known to inhibit NA(+)-K(+) ATPase in various tissues including skeletal and cardiac muscles and smooth muscles. Vanadate shows contractile actions on various types of smooth muscles. Prolonged dietary administration of vanadate has been shown to cause arterial hypertension, increased peripheral resistance, and a marked reduction of coronary, visceral and renal blood flow.In isolated vascular smooth muscle of aorta, application of vanadate caused contraction. These studies have been conducted the preparation of vascular smooth muscles from which endothelial cell were removed. It has been reported that endothelial cell releases relaxing factor(s) (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, EDRF) in response to acetylcholine and a number of other stimuli and also produces vasoconstrictor substances (endothelium-derived contracting factor, EDCF). The aim of this present experiment is to elucidate whether vascular response of isolated rabbit aorta induced by vanadate are endothelium dependent or not. The result obtained were summarized as follows ; 1) When endothelium was intact, vanadate induced vascular relaxation of aorta precontracted with norepinephrine. But K+ induced contraction was augmented by vanadate in the aorta with or without endothelium. Whereas relaxation produced by vanadate precontracted with angiotensin II was endothelium-independent. 2) Hemoglobin, methylene blue, hydroquinone, and verapamil inhibited vanadate-induced vascular relaxation. But indomethacin and quinacrine had no effect on vanadate induced vascular relaxation. From the above results, it is speculated the vanadate act on endothelium, modifies the synthesis or release of endothelium-dependent relaxing factor and thus changes the contractile responses to norepinephrine in rabbit aorta.
Acetylcholine ; Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Angiotensin II ; Animals ; Aorta ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium ; Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors ; Hypertension ; Indomethacin ; Methylene Blue ; Muscle, Smooth ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular* ; Myocardium ; Norepinephrine ; Quinacrine ; Relaxation ; Vanadates* ; Vascular Resistance ; Verapamil

BACKGROUND: A fully automated enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) analyzer, Enzymun System, ES-300 (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) uses streptavidin technology and performs single test or panels of up to 12 tests per run. We evaluated the results of ES-300 for anti-HCV by comparing the results with microplate-EIA, radioimmunoassay (RIA), and confirmatory test. METHODS: Total 79 sera (51 positive, 24 negative, 4 indeterminate results confirmed by Lucky HCD Confirm) were analysed. ES-300 with Enzymun-Test(R) Anti-HCV (Boehringer Mannheim, Germany) and microplate-EIA (Green Cross Center Innotest HCV 3.0(R)) were used. Fifty one sera were examined additionally by 2nd-generation RIA method, NANBDINE 125C(General Biologicals Corp., R.O.C.). And all results were compared to the results of Lucky HCD Confirm. RESULTS: The overall concordance rate of ES-300 and Innotest(R) was 72/79 (91.1%). The results of Lucky HCD Confirm on seven discrepant samples were five negative and two indeterminate. The results of ES-300 and NANBDINE 125C showed concordance rate of 90.2%. The sensitivity and specificity of ES-300 with regard to Lucky HCD Confirm were 94.5%, and 87.5%, respectively, and that of Innotest(R) were 98.2% and 66.7%, respectively. Clear distinction of positive and negative results by signal/cut off ratio was available in both EIAs. The positive predictive values of ES-300 and Innotest(R) were 94.5%, and 87.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: ES-300 showed relatively good results in sensitivity and positive predictive value with regard to confirmatory test. In EIA-positive persons, however, follow-up study would be necessary for reliable evaluation of HCV infection.
Humans ; Radioimmunoassay ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Streptavidin

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Blood Cells* ; Leukemia*

PURPOSE: Bone involvement is known to develop in 40-70Yo of pediatric acute leukemia. We aimed to analyze the clinical course and result of therapy in pediatric acute leukemia with bone involvement. METHODS: Twenty-seven patients diagnosed as pediatric acute leukemia at Dong San Medical Center from Jan. 1996 to Aug. 1998 were evaluated. According to bone X-ray and whole body bone scan, the patients were divided into two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in this study with 14 patients(52Yo) showing definite bone involvement on simple X-ray or bone scan. Mean age of patients with bone involvement was 5.5 years. Regarding the type of leukemia, 9 patients(64%) were acute lymphocytic leukemia. Ten patients(71%) out of 14 with bone involvement complained of bone pain at the involved bony site. Site of involvement was most frequent in the lower extremity. On simple X-ray, osteolytic lesion was found in 7 patients(50%), diffuse osteopenia in 2 patients(14%) and pathologic fracture in 2 patients(14%). In bone scan, radioactivity was increased in whole cases of patients with bone involvement. Thirteen patients(93%) were completely remitted by chemo-therapy, but, one AML patient died due to induction failure. CONCLUSION: Bone involvement occured in 52% of pediatric acute leukemia. Bone involvement was more frequent in male patients in the lower extremity, and osteolytic lesion was the most frequent finding on simple X-ray. There was no relevence between bone involvement and prognosis. Further study will be needed to evaluate long-term survival and prognosis. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:806-813)
Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Fractures, Spontaneous ; Humans ; Leukemia* ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Prognosis ; Radioactivity