Present trial was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of oxantel/pyrantel tablets against intestinal nematode infections, and to determine the efficacy of oxantel tablels against Trichuris infection. A total of 34 subjects with the mixed infections were treated with oxantel/pyrantel tablets (100 mg/tablet each) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, and another group of 22 Trichuris infected cases received oxantel pamoate tablets (125 mg/tablet) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg. All stool examinations were done before the treatment and 3 weeks after the treatment. The cellophane thick smear (Kato's technique) and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed. The results of the trial were summarized as follows: The cure rates (egg negative conversion rates) and egg reduction rates for oxantel/pyrantel tablets were 85.3 percent and 97 percent in trichuriasis, 100 percent each in ascariasis and ancylostomiasis. The oxantel tablet treated group demonstrated a cure rate of 90.9 percent and an egg reduction rate of 96.3 percent in the treatment of Trichuris. There were no detectable objective and subjective side effects in this trial. Both oxantel/pyrantel and oxantel pamoate tablets were readily accepted and well tolerated.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Enterobius vermicularis ; Ancylostoma duodenale ; Trichuris trichiura ; chemotherapy-oxantel/pyrante ; oxantel pamoate

No abstract available.
Fetal Blood* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I* ; Somatomedins* ; Umbilical Cord*

BACKGROUND: Tracheal intubation for general anesthesia often leads to trauma of the airway mucosa, resulting in postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. Numerous studies have investigated the factors as contributing causes, but the influence of method of anesthesia induction and time for extubation of the endotracheal tube has not been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of the methods of anesthesia induction and timing of extubation on postoperative sore throat and hoarseness. METHODS: Eighty patients with ASA physical status 1 or 2 were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 patients (n=20) recieved succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg for intubation and early extubated ; group 2 patients (n=20) recieved succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg for intubation and lately extubated ; group 3 patients (n=20) recieved pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg for intubation and early extubated ; group 4 patients (n=20) recieved pancuronium 0.1 mg/kg for intubation and lately extubated. All patients were interviewed 6, 24, 48, and 72 hrs after operation by an anesthesiologist in a double-blind manner. RESULTS: The incidence of sore throat at postoperative 6 and 24 hrs were decreased in group 3 compaired with group 1, 2, and 4 (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of sore throat at postoperative 6 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 1, 2 and 4 (p<0.05), and that of postoperative 24 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 1 and 2 (p<0.05), respectively. The severity of hoarseness at postoperative 6 hrs were decreased in group 3 compared with group 2 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that postoperative sore throat and hoarseness may be developed more when extubation was perfomed lately than early. Therefore, early extubation provide advantage in terms of reducing sore throat and hoarseness in limited cases of anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Hoarseness* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intubation ; Mucous Membrane ; Pancuronium ; Pharyngitis* ; Succinylcholine

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

Based on the 10 domestic theses which conducted a case-control study of elderly gra-vida over 35, meta analysis was made of the postpartum maternal outcome and fetal-neon-atal outcome with elderly gravida over 35 as cases and with gravida under 35 as controls. The findings are as follows: As for fetal-neonatal outcomes, the frequency of low birth weight was twice as high for cases , compared with controls, intrauterine growth retardation 2.4 times as high, macrosomia about 30% higher , congenital anomaly 16% higher , intrauterine fetal death 2.6 times as high, admission to newborn intensive care unit twice as high , and perinatal mortality twice as high. In case of neonatal sex , cases produced 28% more male babies than controls. As for postpartum maternal outcomes , the frequency of cesarean delivery was 2.9 times as high, compared with controls and postpartum hemorrhage 62% higher. Vaginal wall laceration, 3rd degree laceration, 4th degree laceration and cervix laceration all didn`t happen to cases as frequently as controls, while postpartum anemia was observed in cases 2.3 times as often as controls, wound infection 57% more often , bladder dysfunction 32% more , urinary tract infection 72% more and DIC about twice as often. In case of postpartum cardiomyopathy, pulmonary edema, respiratory infection, hepatitis and sepsis respectively, cases showed 7.4 times higher rate of an attack. Finally , it should be admitted that there are some problems in this study such as controversial hospital data used in analysis, the lack of clear operational definition , the lack of precise P-value, omitted standard deviation and uncontrolled confounding variables.
Aged* ; Anemia ; Cardiomyopathies ; Case-Control Studies ; Cervix Uteri ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dacarbazine ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Lacerations ; Male ; Perinatal Mortality ; Postpartum Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period* ; Pulmonary Edema ; Sepsis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Amniotic Fluid* ; Female ; Fetal Proteins* ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.

Based on the 10 domestic theses which conducted a case-control study of elderly gravida over 35, meta analysis was made of the general and clinical characteristics of cases of elderly gravida over 35 and controls of gravida under 35 with the following result. The percentage of elderly primipara was 0.5 to 2.0 according to a researcher, and that of elderly gravida 3.3 to 4.5. The percentage of elderly primipara and elderly gravida tended to be in reverse proportion to school career. Elderly gravida was found to have twice as many experiences of spontaneous abortion and the same was true of induced abortion. The ratio of cases of controls in antepartum risk factors are as follows: Finally, it should be admitted that there are some problems in this study such as biased selection, the lack of clear operational definition, the lack of precise P-value, omitted standard deviation and uncontrolled confounding variables.
Abortion, Induced ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Aged* ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Case-Control Studies ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors

In contrast to the nodular renal blastema which is defined by nests of primitive metanephric cells after 36 weeks of gestation, the nephroblastomatosis is characterized by neoplastic proliferation of the primitive cells. This lesion is presumed to be closely related to the development of Wilms' tumor. We report a case of bilateral nephroblastomatosis associated with Wilms' tumor in a child. This 4 1/2 year-old girl was admitted because of a 10 cm-sized round mass in the right kidney, and smaller nodules in the left kidney and the lung. After three cycles of chemotherapy and subsequent disappearance of the nodules in the left kidney and lung, she underwent a right nephrectomy and a wedge resection of the left kidney. A round Wilms' tumor mass was seen in the lower pole of the right kidney. Remaining right renal cortex showed multiple, slightly depressed gray-white nodules associated with multiple samll cysts. They were comprised of multifocal subcapsular nests of primitive nephrogenic cells with focal tubular or glomerular differentiation. They resembled fetal renal tissue. In the left kidney, similar nests of primitive cells were also noted. These lesions were interpreted as multifocal perilobar type of nephroblastomatosis.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans