Objective To observe the morphologic characteristics of the post-traumatic cerebral infarction and discriminate it from brain contusion. Methods From 81 severe brain injury samples 15 were selected which met the criteria of the secondary necrosis and hemorrhage of brain. Another 15 simple brain contusion samples were selected as control. They were cut according to various requirements either coronary or saggittally or horizontally and observed grossly and histologically. Results The post-traumatic cerebral infarctions were found mainly in 5 localities: basal ganglia (3 cases), cingulate gyrus (2 cases), both cuneus of the occipital lobes (2 cases), lateral occipito-temporal gyrus (6 cases, 5 of them complicated with hemorrhage in the midbrain and pons), and occipital gyrus (2 cases). All of the infarctions were located not at the point of coup or contrecoup. They were localized and had clear boundaries. All of the lesions could be traced back to be related to brain hernia. Microscopically, there were extravasation of blood, and necrosis in the infarction, and usually severe congestion and edema with white blood cells infiltration and glia cell reaction. If the lesion was in the cerebrum, it was usually located at the junction of cortex and medulla, in severe cases extended to whole thickness of the cortex and the subarachnoid space, but the pia mater was not ruptured. There were marked ischemic and hypoxia changes in the neurons. The lesions of brain contusion, on the contrary, were always ruptured. The contused brain tissue may be necrotic. Conclusion The Post-traumatic cerebral infarction is synonymous with secondary necrosis and hemorrhage of the brain. The mechanism of the infarction is compression of intra-cerebral blood vessels due to cerebral hernia. It could be differentiated from cerebral contusion by the relation with cerebral hernia, the location of the lesion, the in-tactness of the pia mater, as well as other related histological changes.

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) immunoreactive neurons in dissociated cell culture from newborn rat hypothalamus were investigated on days 1,3,5,and 7 in vitro by means of the im-munocytochemical method. The results showed that GnRH was expressed in the first day of culture. GnRH neurons accounted for 12.1-14. 8% of the total neurons in culture,and they were mainly bipolar in type. There were growth cones on the end of GnRH processes. Various patterns of intercellular contacts between GnRH neurons and between GnRH and other neurons were also observed. These findings indicate that the cultured GnRH neurons exhibit the morphological and functional characteristics of the GnRH neurons in vivo,and serve as morphological evidence for pulsatile secretion of GnRH and its regulation.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary -related behaviors of college students and their health , so as to provide the evidence for the health education for college students .Methods:A question-naire survey was conducted among 2105 college students from Xi′an Jiaotong University with stratified cluster ran-dom sampling .Results:In this survey , college students generally had unhealthy dietary behaviors , cognitive bia-ses of self-images and blind unhealthy weight -losing phenomenon as well .And there was a difference of dieting behaviors between college students of different sex and those of different body mass index .Conclusions:Unhealth-y dietary behaviors of college students were one of the main reasons leading to their abnormal BMI .Hence , it was necessary to improve health ethics education and dietary health guidance for college students , so as to introduce them to consciously assume their own health responsibilities and manage their health .

OBJECTIVETo study the results of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for medial meniscal tear in late middle-aged adults.

METHODSFrom October 2010 to October 2012,49 patients meeting inclusion criteria were treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for medial meniscal tear. There were 31 males and 18 females,with an average age of (55.3±2.8) years old. There were 22 left knees and 27 right knees. The average flexion angle was (116.01±12.03)°. The pre-operative HSS Knee Score was 48.73±8.43, and the Lysholm score was 63.95±5.45. The patients were followed up and evaluated. All the patients received a standard surgery, in which the torn tissue was removed, and the anterior part of the meniscus was left in situ.

RESULTSAll the surgeries were successful with no serious complications. All the patients were followed up,and the duration ranged from 12 to 36 months. All the patients had 5 degrees of muscle strength. The average flexion angle was (136.77±18.56)°. There was significant difference between the two angles before operation and after operation. The pre-operative HSS Knee Score was 90.17±4.10, and the Lysholm score was 87.84±5.16. Statistically, the difference between preoperative score and the postoperative score was significant.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic partial meniscectomy is a good option for medial meniscal tear in late middle-aged adults. Operative indication is crucial and the excellent surgical technique is also critical for the good clinical outcome. All the patients could get good clinical results, although there are some patients with motion restrictions in the early stage after operation.

Arthroscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tibial Meniscus Injuries

92 type 2 diabetics with DPN were treated by cobamamide (n=46) vs vitamin B12 (n=46) for 4 weeks.Cobamamide improved the spontaneous pain, numbness of limbs, nerve reflection and nerve conduction velocities in higher rates as compared with vitamin B12 treatment, and did not cause obvious adverse reactions.

BACKGROUND: Although bone mineral density can diagnose osteoporosis, it cannot reflect the existing bone metabolism of the subjects; bone turnover markers cannot diagnose osteoporosis, but it can timely reflect the current bone turnover rate of the subjects. OBJECTIVE: To summarize osteoporotic fracture risk predicted by bone turnover markers and bone mineral density, and to theoretically analyze the feasibility of fracture healing after operation. METHODS: With bone turnover, biochemical marker, osteoporosis in English for the search terms, Pubmed database from January 1999 to January 2009 was retrieved; With bone turnover, bone metabolism, biochemical markers, bone mineral density, osteoporosis, fractures in Chinese for the search terms, CNKI database from January 1999 to January 2009 was searched. Literatures were limited to English and Chinese languages. Inclusive criteria: the article closely related to predict fracture risk with bone turnover markers and bone mineral density; Exclusive criteria: duplicated documents. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 631 literatures were screened out by computer, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 documents of which were involved for analysis. Osteoporosis is one of the main causes of elderly disease and death. Early prediction of osteoporotic fracture risk has a great significance. This article describes the bone metabolism, the type of bone biochemical markers, bone mineral density measurement, multi-cell basic unit and the OPG-RANKL-RANK system in bone reconstruction after a long-term fixation; focuses on the use of bone turnover markers and bone mineral density to prognosticate the fracture risk in osteoporosis or after long-term fixation by domestic and foreign academician, and theoretically analyze the feasibility of predicting postoperative fracture healing.

BACKGROUND: Previous research reveals that, single-layer human amnion is effective to cure superficial bums, but it is still unsatisfactory.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of double-layer radiation-treated human amnion on the healing of deep second-degree burn wound.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized control study was performed at the Animal Experimental Center in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Harbin, Heilongjiang, China) from December 2006 to May 2007.MATERIALS: Fifty adult Wistar rats of clean grade were burned and then assigned into five groups at post-injury 4, 6, 8,10 and 12 days, with ten rats in each group. Subsequent to the chorion removal, the fresh human amniotic membrane was dried and prepared into double-layer films, which were aporate or porous. Human amnion was then radiated using γ-ray for further use.METHODS: Following dorsal skin epilatiou and the anesthesia, all the rats were immersed for 8 seconds in boiling water to induce rat models of deep second-degree burns. One side of the burn wound was applied human amnion, while the other side was applied oil gauze.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross observation of the bum wound was carried out at post-injury 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days. Meanwhile, light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope were employed to detect the histological changes of the burn wound, as well as bacteriological examination.RESULTS: Fifty rats were all involved in the result analysis. Sphacelism and crust were found in the burn wound treated with oil gauze, with the presence of focal ulcer at post-injury 12 days. Under light microscope, few hairs regenerated in dermis, especially hair follicle and hair root; Scanning electron microscope suggested a large amount of inflammatory exudates and leukocytes; Transmission electron microscope revealed an unclear structure of the cells. Bacteriological examination also indicated that the bacteria aecreted on the surface of burn wound. The treatment of double-layer radiation-treated human amniou healed the burn wound at post-injury 10 and 12 days, and the hairs grew with the same manner as that of normal skin. Epidermis tissues were proved to be normal skin at post-injury 12 days by means of light microscope, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Bacteriology was detected to be negative.CONCLUSION: Double-layer radiation-treated human amnion plays a protective role on the burn wound in rats. It may facilitate epithelial growth, avoid wound infection and accelerate the healing of deep second-degree burn.

Objective To investigate the functional mechanism of metformin in improving the fatty liver and the treatment of the relative metabolic abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods The model of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with fatty liver was set up by feeding high-glucose-high-fat diet and by injecting STZ.Then,the rats were made an intervention with metformin.At the end of 4 weeks and 8 weeks,the fasting blood glucose,the level of fasting serum insulin.At the end of 18 weeks the fasting blood glucose,the level of fasting serum insulin,ALT,TNF-? and the level of leptin of every group of rats were measured and the expression of TNF-? in the liver was determined.Results Metformin could largely reduce the blood glucose,TG,TC and the fatty content of the liver,improve the state of the insulin resistance and reduce the expression level of the TNF-? in the liver.Conclusion Metformin can have the treatment functions to the rats with fatty liver in the model of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with fatty liver.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs) were isolated by enzymatic digestion and discontinuous gradient centrifugation from 8 human advanced tumors (4 stomach carcinoma, 2 liver cancer, 1 non-small-cell lung carcinoma and 1 colon cancer). These cells were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with l000U/ml of rhIL2 for 4-6 weeks, till the cell number reach over l09/total, reinfused to the same patients i.v. meanwhile, the patients received 105U of rhIL2 i.m for 5 days. One week before and one month after TIL infusion periphery blood from the patients was collected and the mononuclear cells were isolated. Cytotoxicity against a panel of tumor cell targets by MTT colorometric assay and lymphocyte phenotype by two-color flow cytometry were mornitored. The results showed that there was significant increase in the killing ability to the tested tumor targets to different extent, especially the killing to the target cells which shared the same histological type with the patients tumor. (43 against 1249 lytic units p

Objective Observe the injuries to the cranial nerves in cases of brain stem injury following head trauma;explore the mechanism of injuries and their relations to the mode and point of impact on the head. Method Brain stem specimens of 465 cases of head trauma were designed to take cross sections at the roots of the 3rd～12th cranial nerves. Among the 465 cases, 171 were proven to have contusion of the brain stem. On these cases, the cranial nerves were observed meticulously. Results Cranial nerve injuries were found in all cases suffering from brain stem contusion. The nerves included were: oculomotor nerve (120 cases, 70.2%), facial and acoustic nerve (92 cases, 53.8%), trigeminal nerve (85 cases, 49.7%), abducent nerve (45 cases, 26.3%), hypoglossal nerve (31 cases, 18.1%), vagus nerve (27 cases, 15.8%), glosso-pharyngeal nerve (24 cases, 14.0%), and trochlear nerve and accessory nerve (10 cases each, 5.8%). The nerve injuries may be unilateral or bilateral, involving single or multiple nerves in a case. The pathological changes included hemorrhage (42 cases, 24.6%), edema (26 cases, 15.2%), structural deformation at the root of the nerves (71 cases, 41.5%), tear of the nerve roots (32 cases, 18.7%). Conclusion Cranial nerve injury is an important part of the cranio-cerebral injury, and also an accompaniment of the brain stem injury. The features of interesting in the injuries were the higher frequencies in the nerves at the upper level and the nerves of larger diameter; of highest frequency were oculomotor nerve, facial nerve and acoustic nerve.