No abstract available.
Breast* ; Child* ; Humans

Recently as the esthetic concerns about dental prosthesis have been increased, the nonmetallic post and core systems have been introduced clinically to improve the color and the low optical transmittance of conventional casting metal post and core systems. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the optical transmittance and the shade changes of all-ceramic crowns with two nonmetallic post and core systems. The experimental groups were classified as follows: Total 27 specimens(9 samples in each group) were evaluated. Group I: Natural teeth as a control group. Group II: CosmoPost and Empress(R) core (Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein). Group III: LIGHT-POST(TM) and LIGHT-CORE(TM)(Bisco, U.S.A.). In all groups, all-ceramic crowns were fabricated with the same shade of IPS Empress(R)II(Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein) after abutment preparation, and then two kinds of spectrophotometers, UV 3101 PC(Shimadzu,Japan) and CM 503i(Minolta Co., Ltd., Japan), were used to measure the optical transmittance and the color value. The following results were obtained: 1. The optical transmittance of each group without all-ceramic crowns, was siginificantly decreased in order of Group III, I and II(p<0.05). 2. The optical transmittance of each group with all-ceramic crowns cemented, were siginificantly decreased in order of Group I, II and III(p<0.05). 3. In comparison with the shade of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups regardless of the cementation. 4. In comparison with the shade changes in each group after the cementation of all-ceramic crowns, there were no significant differences between groups. From the above results, it is thought that the selection among materials used in this study doesn't influence greatly the esthetic restoration, because the differences of optical transmittance were so small that those were clinically insignificant.
Cementation ; Crowns* ; Dental Prosthesis ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Classification* ; Dermatoglyphics* ; Yersinia*

No abstract available.

Crypt glandular infection theory is accepted as an explanation of anal fistula's major cause. However, the pathogenesis of an anal fistula in Crohn's disease is different from that of a conventional anal fistula because a Crohn's anal fistula is caused by ulceration which, in turn, is caused by transmural inflammation of the rectal wall due to Crohn's disease. The difficulty with operating on anal fistulas in Crohn's disease lies in the fact that healing of the wound is inhibited because of continuous inflammation of the anorectal tissue due to Crohn's disease. Hence, there is a high possibility of incontinence due to sphincter muscle injury. Especially, because almost all Crohn's disease patients have frequent defecation and diarrhea, the patients will suffer more if incontinence occurs. Nowadays, even with increased understanding of the etiology of Crohn's disease, new medications, and aggressive surgical approaches, the result of treatment is still not satisfactory. Recently, since Korean eating habits have changed to include more western-style food in the diet, inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease, is expected to increase. Consequently, the number of cases of anal fistulas in Crohn's disease is also expected to increase. The authors reviewed 20 confirmed cases of anal fistulas in Crohn's disease, which were treated from January 1993 to December 1995 at Song-Do Colorectal Hospital. The results are as follows: 1) Anal fistulas in Crohn's disease were present in 20(0.6%) of the 3378 cases of anal fistulas treated during the time period considered. 2) The male to female ratio for these 20 cases was 2: 1, and the most Prevalent age group was the 3rd decade, followed by the 2nd decade, the 4th decade, and the 5th decade in that order. 3) Three cases of anal fistulas whose origins could be explained by crypt glandular infection theory and which did not involve the rectum healed, although the healing was delayed. 4) Seventeen cases of anal fistulas whose origins could not be explained by crypt glandular infection theory and which involved the rectum did not heal after the operation. he results of the study show that anal fistulas whose origins can be explanined by crypt glandular infection theory and which do not involve the rectum can be cured by conventional fistula surgery. However, perirectal fistulas whose origins can not be explained by crypt glandular infection theory and which involve the rectum do not heal. Because there is the possibility of incontinence after a conventional operation, it is suggested that, in the cases of perirectal fistulas in Crohn's disease, better results, although not completely satisfactory, can be obtained by long-term seton drainage and diversion colostomy.
Colostomy ; Crohn Disease* ; Defecation ; Diarrhea ; Diet ; Drainage ; Eating ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Male ; Rectal Fistula* ; Rectum ; Ulcer ; Wounds and Injuries

We investigated whether early catheter removal after operation could affect the result and morbidity or TURP. We reviewed 99 charts of 118 consecutive BPH patients who underwent TURP during 1991. Since August 1991 we changed our philosophy and started to remove the catheter on postoperative day 1. Prior to that time catheter was removed three to five days postoperatively. There were 42 patients in early catheter removal group and 57 patients in traditional group. Nine- teen cases were ruled out due to the protocol violation or loss during follow-up. All operations were performed by the same surgeon. There was no significant differences between two groups in terms of patient`s age, symptom scores, operation time, resected specimen weight and the amount of used irrigating solution. No statistical differences between the complications of both groups was seen. Of the early removal group 6(14%) required reinsertion of the catheter following initial removal and 4 (10%) required blood transfusions. In conventional group 5(9%) required recatheterization and 5 (9%) required transfusion. Other complications were not remarkable. The average hospital stay postoperatively was 2.2 days in early removal group and 6.2 days in traditional group. The average costs saving for patients in early removal group was about won 140,000(about dollers 200). These results suggest that early removal of the catheter could be allowed as a routine postoperative management following TURP, thereby reducing the length of hospital stay and costs.
Adolescent ; Blood Transfusion ; Catheters* ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Philosophy ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

PURPOSE: To evaluate criteria for differentiating benign versus malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by analyzing their morphology and perinodular parenchymal changes on CT/HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT/HRCT in 99 patients with SPN. Sixty two cases were proved by surgery, PCNA, clinical follow up and etc. Thirty seven cases were diagnosed by typical benign calcification. We defined SPN as a discrete, single lesion in the lung with margins that are sharp enough to permit measurement of diameter. We excluded lesions more than 4cm in diameter and lesions with cavity from our study protocol. The study included 41 malignant nodules and 58 benign nodules. RESULTS: Mean diameter of malignant nodule was 2.9cm, benign nodule was 2.2cm. Peripheral location of nodule was 28 in malignant nodules, 50 in benign nodules. Typical benign calcification was observed in 37 tuberculoma and three hamartoma. Lobulated margin was noted in 32 malignant nodules and 14 benign nodules. Spiculated margin was observed in 17 malignant nodules and 20 benign nodules. Low attenuation within the nodule was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 12 benign nodules. Pleural tail was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 31 benign nodules. Air bronchogram was noted in 18 malignant nodules and 4 benign nodules. Juxta nodular tuberculosis was observed in 6 malignant nodules and 29 benign nodules. CONCLUSION: Malignant nodules were larger than benign nodules and more commonly demonstrated a Iobulated contour and air bronchogram (p<0.05). Benign nodules more commonly demonstrated low density in the nodule and associated with juxta nodular tuberculosis and peripheral location (p<0.05). Spiculated margin and pleural tail were not helpful to differentiate benign from malignant nodule.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate criteria for differentiating benign versus malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) by analyzing their morphology and perinodular parenchymal changes on CT/HRCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the CT/HRCT in 99 patients with SPN. Sixty two cases were proved by surgery, PCNA, clinical follow up and etc. Thirty seven cases were diagnosed by typical benign calcification. We defined SPN as a discrete, single lesion in the lung with margins that are sharp enough to permit measurement of diameter. We excluded lesions more than 4cm in diameter and lesions with cavity from our study protocol. The study included 41 malignant nodules and 58 benign nodules. RESULTS: Mean diameter of malignant nodule was 2.9cm, benign nodule was 2.2cm. Peripheral location of nodule was 28 in malignant nodules, 50 in benign nodules. Typical benign calcification was observed in 37 tuberculoma and three hamartoma. Lobulated margin was noted in 32 malignant nodules and 14 benign nodules. Spiculated margin was observed in 17 malignant nodules and 20 benign nodules. Low attenuation within the nodule was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 12 benign nodules. Pleural tail was observed in 14 malignant nodules and 31 benign nodules. Air bronchogram was noted in 18 malignant nodules and 4 benign nodules. Juxta nodular tuberculosis was observed in 6 malignant nodules and 29 benign nodules. CONCLUSION: Malignant nodules were larger than benign nodules and more commonly demonstrated a Iobulated contour and air bronchogram (p<0.05). Benign nodules more commonly demonstrated low density in the nodule and associated with juxta nodular tuberculosis and peripheral location (p<0.05). Spiculated margin and pleural tail were not helpful to differentiate benign from malignant nodule.
Follow-Up Studies ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Lung ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule* ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*