“金属材料与热处理技术”是首都医科大学假肢矫形工程专业本科生必修的专业基础课程。金属的晶体结构与滑移系的概念以及铁碳合金相图是“金属材料与热处理技术”教学中比较复杂的知识点。本文对此进行探讨，并提出一些解决方法。

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.It is mainly caused by glaucomatous optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss,which leads to visual field loss and blindness.There are many risk factors other than intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation are thought to be responsible for RGCs damage induced by glaucoma,such as neurotrophic factors deprivation,excitotoxicity,oxidative stress and enhanced microglia activity,and these factors are essential for glaucomatous optic neuropathy,especially in normal tension glaucoma (NTG).Up to date,the major attempt of glaucoma therapy is to protect optic nerve function by lowering IOP through surgery and drugs.However,the therapies can not arrest RGCs damage although effectively lowing IOP in a number of patients.Novel study is turning to find and develop some new approaches to solve neuroprotection problem targeting to the pathogenic factors of glaucomatous optic neuropathy out of IOP.This review paper mainly focused on the neuroprotective therapies that are developed in the past few years.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the C-reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic syndrome.Methods The serum level of CRP was determined in 48 cases of obese children and 36 cases of healthy individuals.All children were 10 years old.The differences between the two groups and whether CRP was associated with metabolic syndrome were analyzed.Results The obese children had significant higher serum insulin,TG,TC,CRP,BMI,SBP and HOMA-IR [for respectively (16.1 ± 3.7) mU/L,(1.38 ± 0.29) mmol/L,(4.79 ± 0.88) mmol/L,(1.83 ± 0.89) mg/L,(28.7 ± 5.3) kg/m2,(129.4-11.3) mmHg,(3.81 ± 0.92)] than those of the normal controls [for respectively(10.4 ±2.8) mU/L,(0.75 ±0.12) mmol/L,(4.12 ± 0.65) mmol/L,(0.78 ± 0.22) mg/L,(22.4 ± 3.9)kg/m2,(117.2 ±8.9) mnHg,(2.37 ±0.78)] (t =7.727,12.260,3.846,6.912,6.012,5.349,7.568,all P ＜0.05).The results of correlation analysis showed that CRP had a positive correlation with serum insulin,TG,BMI,SBP and HOMA-IR (r=0.693,0.293,0.525,0.212,0.195,all P＜0.05),but not TC.Conclusion There are significant increases of serum CRP level in obese children,and the increased CRP was closely related with metabolic syndrome.

Objective To explore the role of growth hormone (GH),leptin (Lep),T3,T4,TSH in cord blood in intrauterine growth.Methods 120 healthy newborns (60 males,60 females) were enrolled in this study.The neonates were divided into AGA,LGA and SGA groups according to the relationship between birth weight and gestation.The head circumference,birth length,birth weight,body mass index,biparietal diameter,and placental weight,the levels of GH,Lep,T3,T4,TSH in the cord blood were measured.Results There were significantly statistical differ ences in growth indexs (all P ＜ 0.05),the levels of GH and TSH were significantly increased [(21.52 ± 2.13) ng/L vs (15.64 ± 1.28) ng/L ; (8.6 ± 0.67) mIU/L vs (3.34 ± 0.29) mIU/L,t =3.042,4.367,all P ＜ 0.05] and Lep,T3,T4 were significantly decreased in LGA group when compared with the AGA group [(7.53 ±0.81) g/L vs (9.55 ± 1.26) g/L; (1.25 ± 0.42) nmol/L vs (1.48 ± 0.37) nmol/L; (69.45 ± 10.07) nmol/L vs (76.68 ± 8.22) nmol/L; t =1.749,1.905,1.783,all P ＜ 0.05],the level of Lep in LGA group was significantly higer than that in AGA group [(14.61 ±2.05) g/L vs (9.55 ±1.26) g/L,t =3.064,P ＜0.05].And GH,Lep,T3,T4 were positively correlated with head circumference,birth length,birth weight,body mass index,biparietal diameter,and placental weight (all P ＜ 0.05).TSH was negatively correlated with growth indexs.Conclusion The levels of Lep,T3,T4,TSH in cord blood were associated with fetal growth and could be used as indicators of intrauterine growth.

AIM: To observe the recent curative effect of basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) to patients with recurrent aphthous ulcer(RAU). METHODS: 60 patients with RAU were treated by locally spraying compound bFGF preparations composing of calculated quantity of bFGF, tinidazole and dicaine on the surface of ulcerations,?other?40?patients?were?treated?by?alternatively smearing Xi Leisan and Smecta on the surface of ulcerations as routine treatment group, tid, for 5 d. RESULTS: The improvement of three indexes including the size, the degree of ache and hyperemia of the ulcerations are greater in compound bFGF treatment group than those in routine treatment group (P

Objective To explore the alteration in ethology and change of muscle fibers of gastronomies of rats following spinal cord injury(SCI). Methods 108 Wistar rats were divided into sham operation group (n=38) and SCI group (n=38) and rehabilitation group (n=32).The ethology was evaluated by Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale (BBB Scale), and the alteration of muscle tissue's reactivitywas observed by immunohistochemistry staining. Results The BBB scores of rehabilitation group were higher than SCI group 3weeks after injury, but all was lower than 10. The cross section areas of gastrocnemius in both groups were getting smaller, but the rehabilitationgroup was slighter. Conclusion Spontaneous recovery occurred in some degree for rats' hind limb after spinal cord injury. Rehabilitationtraining is beneficial for the recovery of rats' motor function, and alleviates the atrophy of hind limb after spinal cord injury.

Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of high quality care in clinical care. Methods 2000 cases of hospitalized patients from August 2010 to August 2011 in department of neurology were selected as research subject.The 2000 hospitalized patients were divided into the control group and the research group with 1000 cases in each group.The control group was given routine care,the research group selected high quality care.General activity of daily living (ADL) assessment and satisfaction degree of patients was surveyed at discharge for two groups and the results were compared. Results When patients were discharged,ADL scores and satisfaction degree of patients in the research group were higher than those of the control group. Conclusions Application of high quality care for patients can promote the improvement of activity of daily living and satisfaction degree of patients.

Leptin,the product of the obese gene,is a 16kDa secreted protein produced by white adipocytes.Because of its dual nature as a hormone and cytokine,leptin plays a role in regulating energy metabolism,inflam-marion,immune response,neuroendocrine and angiogenesis,and so on.The review focuses on the research and controversy of leptin's effect in osteoarthritis.

Objective Find out the self-rated health of college students majoring in physical education and the influential factors, so as to offering some evidences which can help adopting adopt some measures to improve health condition. Methods Adopt method of random sampling to investigate the application ofamong 300 college students majoring physical education. Results The total condition of self-rated health of college students majoring physical education is good. The scores of self-rated physiology, psychology, social healthy sub-table are from 56. 6 to 95.00. While the lowest score is the self-rated of psychological health. Male students got higher scores than female in all aspects except the ability of daily life and social support and positive emotion. And the Differences in psychological health, physical symptom and function are significant (P＜0.05) .Comparison of college students self-rated health condition with other areas, it found that the students in Sichuan are in middle level of all healthy aspects. Conclusions The total condition of self-rated health about college students majoring physical education is good. More attention should put on to their psychology,besides regular diet, rest, and tired in physiology health.

Objective To explore whether health examination save medical insurance fund or not. Methods To observe the sparing medical cost which 371 health examination people avoid repeated checking and shorten the length of stay during hospitalization from March 2006 to March 2007. To observe the effect of sparing medical cost because of regular health examination, early discovery diseases, pretreatment promptly and avoidance transforming to advanced diseases. Results Because of avoiding repeated checking and shortening the length of stay,everybody save the medical cost about 570 yuan,371 people can save about 21 ten thousands yuan. To statistics the average hospital cost of different courses of eight common diseases and malignant tumors from January to November at 2007, we discovered that the medical cost is large distinction between the earlier period and advanced stage of disease. For example: the medical cost of one stage of hypertension is 6608 yuan ,the two stage is 8838 yuan ,the three stage is 13 869 yuan, and the stage of hypertensive heart disease is 13 033 yuan. Parts of health examination crowd who stay at my hospital from 1996 were visited for five years ,we conformed many chronic diseases by prompt intervention can relieve and even reverse, avoiding the transformation to incurable disease which will consume a large number of strength and money. Conclusion Health examination resource is a medical treatment resource which isn't restricted by social security fund, the utilization can not only save medical cost but also discover and treat diseases earlier, thus we can save the strength and money before the advanced diseases.