OBJECTIVE:To analyze the causes of drug quality events took place in our hospital so as to provide reference for the improvement of drug quality.METHODS:Systematic investigations were performed on 150 batches of drugs that had shown quality problems during 2005 and 2006 in our hospital and the possible reasons accountable for the problems were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The quality problems were originated from 3 links including production,distribution and use of drugs,and manifested as improper or wrong packaging,labels or package inserts,inappropriate handling,and improper operation of medical staff etc,which worth the highest alert of the concerned departments.

Objective To explore the effect of distributed parallel-computing on the time of resampling of digitized human with different amounts of client.Methods Computers were randomly divided into one group of serial-computing and five groups of parallel-computing,and the same data of digitized human was resampled by each group.The resampling time of clients and server in each group,speedup of parallel-computing were compared.Results Compared with the group of serial-computing,the time of resampling of the groups of parallel-computing decreased greatly(P

Objective To study the clinical,pathological features and therapeutic method of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its relationship with disease-free survival.Methods One hundred and thirty-six cases of metastatic TNBC patients who were treated from January 2007 to January 2012 in the Third People''s Hospital of Dalian were selected as research objects.All patients received operation and radiochemotherapy,the clinical,pathological features,therapeutic method,the survival rate within 3,5 years,and the metastasis and survival situation of the patients were analyzed.Results For the patients in clinical stage Ⅲ period,the survival rate within 3,5 years were 45.9%(17/37),37.8%(14/37),respectively,significantly lower than those in stageⅡperiod (89.9%(89/99),73.7%(73/99)),and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=18.459,12.681,P<0.01).The 3-year survival rate of the patients in pathological grade Ⅲ was 64.9%(37/57),5-year survival rate was 43.9%(25/57),significantly lower than those of gradeⅠ(91.7%(22/24),83.3%(20/24)) and grade Ⅱ(85.5%(47/55),76.4%(42/55)),the differences were statistically significant (χ2=14.728,12.450,P<0.05).The 3-year survival rate of radiotherapy group was 81.8%(27/33),significantly higher than that of the non-radiotherapy group (59.1%(13/22)),the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.468,P<0.05).Lung,liver,brain,bone and supraclavicular lymph nodes were main distant metastasis,the survival time of patients with metastasis was less than 2 years.Conclusion Metastatic TNBC is a special type of breast cancer that is difficult to treat.Breast conserving surgery has certain application value,radiotherapy can only increase the 3 year survival rate.Pathological grade and clinical staging are the main prognostic factors.

Objective To study the change of activity and toxicity of superoxide (O - 2 ) produced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNLs) during ischemia reperfusion cerebral injury.Methods The rats were administrated by both PMA (an activator of single transduction of O - 2 produced in alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) positive granules of PMNLs) and the inhibitor BCA respectively; the model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was made by suture cleat mothod,the activity changes of both myeloperoxidease (MPO) and O - 2 were measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168h reperfusion following ischemia 1h, and the pathological ultrastructural changes were observed. Results The MPO activity of both PAM group and BCA group reached the peaks at 24h after reperfusion; however,there were no remarkable differences in MPO activity between these two groups in the same time point. The O - 2 activity in the PAM group was significantly higher than those in the BCA group. The O - 2 activity reached the peak at 72h of ischemia reperfusion. In the same experimental time point, the pathological changes of the ultrastructure in ischemic reperfusive injury brain of the PAM group were much more serious than the those of the BCA group, which showed obviously the neurons edema, the abnormal structures of nerve felt and synapse in the ischemia reperfusion injured brain.Conclusion The increase of brain O - 2 activity from PMNLs during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was direct ratio to the degree of cerebral injury. BCA might depress the activity and the toxicity of the O - 2.

Clinical practice is an important part of cultivating the master of nursing specialist,this paper analyzed characteristics of clinical practice in domestic and foreign nursing students and revealed the problem in cultivation of master of nursing specialist in China,in order to provide references for the future construction and perfection of clinical practice of master of nursing specialist in China.

Objective To seek out the factors that influenced the mortality of population due to heat wave in Shanghai in summer(15 June-15 September). Methods Daily data of mortality of all causes, meteorological and air pollution in Shanghai in 1998 and 2003 were collected. Multivariate analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between mortality and heat wave intensity, duration, and timing within the summer season and air pollution concentrations. Results The heat wave in 1998 was more severe and caused a higher mortality than that in 2003. In 1998 heat wave, the heat wave duration,timing within the summer season were significantly associated with the daily number of deaths,while in 2003, besides the above two factors the daily maximum temperature also played an important role. Air pollution level slightly increased in heat wave and some factors such as air conditioner number, living space and urban greenbelt area could be used to explain the distinctive difference of heat related mortality between 1998 and 2003. Conclusion High temperature is the crucial factor for the high mortality of population due to heat wave in Shanghai in summer(15 June-15 September) in 1998 and 2003. Using air condition and enlarging living space will help to decrease the mortality.

Objective To investigate the effect of cytochrome P_ 450 2A6 (CYP2A6) genetic polymorphisms on serum concentration of sodium valproate. Methods A total of 98 epileptic patients receiving sodium valproate after a period of more than 5 half-time were recruited. The genotypes of CYP2A6 of the patients were detected by nested-primer polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to examine the alleles CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) was used to measure the serum concentration of sodium valproate. Results Of the 98 cases, 73 (74.5%) were wild genotypes, 24 (24.5%) were CYP2A6*1/*4 genotypes and 1(1.0%) was CYP2A6*4/*4 genotype. According to the genotypes of CYP2A6 the patients were divided into two groups,one was group A (CYP2A6*1/*1) and the other was group B (CYP2A6*1/*4 or *4/*4). The mean value of the serum concentration of sodium valproate of the patients in group A(4.1393?0.2793) was higher than that in group B(3.3486?0.3919) with a statistical significance (P

Objective To study the effects of mobile telephone microwave radiation on learning and memory of young and senile mice. Methods The young(5 months old) and senile(10 months old) male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 2 groups respectively, the control and exposed. The young and senile mice were settled in the environment of the mobile telephone signal shoots station (3 V/m) and exposed to the mobile telephone conversation radiation with two mobile telephones for 5 h/d for 50 consecutive days. The control group was in the environment without microwave radiation (0 V/m). The capability of learning and memory of each group were determined by Morris maze test(the time of finding the flat roof:the latency), the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the hippocampus and temporal lobe were measured by spectrophotometry. Results With the increase of training time, no significant decrease of the latency was seen in each group. Compared with the senile control group, the activity of AchE in the hippocampus and temporal lobe of the young control group and the senile radiation group were lower(P

Objective To explore whether pollutants exposure has a measurable impact on lung function and inflammatory factors level of healthy pupils in vehicle exhaust polluted region. Methods Primary school near the trunk road with a distance no more than 30 meters was selected,and 50 qualified pupils were chosen. A time-series panel study was conducted with these pupils,and the following consecutive five days'study of vehicle exhaust pollution level,3-days’personal exposure measurement and its health effects were carried out in May and November in 2008. Results The main pollutant in this region was motor vehicle exhaust. Compared to May,the value of FVC% declined significantly in November(P=0.02) . And the reduction of the value of FVC% was negatively associated with an increase in NO2 concentrations(P=0.04) . The levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-8 became lower in November compared with May,and were negatively associated with personal exposure with IL-6 with statistically significant difference(?PM10=-0.62,?NO2=-0.62,?O3=-0.64,?SO2=-0.63) . The levels of TNF-? and IL-4 were positively associated with personal exposure,in which PM10 has the largest regression coefficient with TNF-?(?=0.65,P

Aim To study gyrA and parC mutations of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Methods MIC values of 55 clinical P.aeruginosa isolates were determined by agar dilution test and 1 sensitive strain and 8 resistant strains were selected with standard sensitive strain ATCC27853 as control, the quinolone determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA and parC genes were amplified by PCR, the lengths of PCR products were 351 bp and 397 bp. The gyrA PCR products(351 bp) were digested with enzyme sacⅡ. The gyrA and parC gene were sequenced. Results In this study, gyrA genes of all resistant strains had an ACC to ATC mutation in codon 83, leading to the amino acid substitution of an isoleucine for a threonine, and three high level resistant strains also showed a GAC to GGC mutation in codon 87, leading to the substitution of a glycine for an aspartic acid. In addition, four resistant strains also had an TCG to TTG mutation in codon 87 of parC gene, leading to the amino acid substitution of a serine for a leucine. The strains with both gyrA and parC mutations were two to sixteen times more resistant than the strains which had only gyrA mutations. At the same time, a silent mutation (CAC to CAT) in codon 132 of gyrA gene and a silent mutation(GCT to GCG) in codon 115 of parC gene occured, which did not lead to amino acid change. Conclusion The mutations of 83 and 87 codons of gyrA and the mutatations of 87 codon of parC gene were related to fluroquinolone resistance, and the mutations of the 83 codon of gyrA gene were more important.