Acute digitalization with ouabain were performed 28 times in 20 intact Mongrel dogs, who were devided into four groups : i.e. 1) Control group; Acute digitalizations were performed to observe the changes of the plasma potassium and sodium concentrations and the concomittent electrocardiographic findings. 2) Group 1;-Electrolyte solution, either KCl or NaCl, was infused during acute digitalization to observe the influences of these ions on the actions of cardiac glycoside, especially arrhythmia producing action. 3) Group 2 ; -The K depleted group and the Na depleted group was each made by the measure of diet control and the usage of oral diuretics to observe the influences of the state of depleted electrolyte (K or Na) on the action of cardiac glycoside during acute digitalization. 4) Group 3 ; -The intravenous infusion of either KCl or NaCl solution was introduced as the cardiac arrhythmia by the ouabain was produced to observe the effects of these ions on the digitalis induced arrhythmia. The results obtained were summarized as follows. (1) The arterial plasma concentration of potassium was increased during acute digitalization. The rise occurred at early stage, and the maximal increase of potassium was observed at the ventricular tachycardia. The average increase was 0.65 mEq/L as compared to control value (p<0.05). The arterial plasma concentration of sodium was reduced during acute digitalization. The fall occurred following the rise of plasma K level. The maximal reduction of sodium was observed after ventricular tachycardia, and the average decrease was 5.2 mEq/L as compared to control value (p<0.05). (2) Rapid increase up to toxic level of the plasma potassium concentration occurred occasionally during acute digitalization in the group with KCl infusion. This result was best explained due to the inhibitory action of cardiac glycoside on the K transport. (3) The interesting change was on T wave, which showed the peaking at late portion. This change occured in 60.6% during digitalization with ouabain, and paralleled mostly, but not consistently and even sometimes inversely, with the shift of plasma potassium concentration. It is tempting to assume that the change of T wave was resulted from an altered potassium gradient across the myocardial cells rather than a ssuming the changes of the plasma K level. (4) Just prior to intoxication, the marked prolongation of PR interval and ST depression were observed in about 70~80% of the cases studied. These changes might be applicable to a clue of the cardiac glycoside overdosage. (5) The intravenous infusion of KCl suppressed markedly the arrhythmia producing action of the cardiac glycoside, and resulted in prompt and dramatic abolishing, of digitalis induced arrhythmia. The intravenous infusion of KCl solution, however, produced A-V block or dissociation occasionally. This finding would be likely resulted from the additive or synergistic action of K and cardiac glycoside in suppressing A-V conducting system. (6) The NaCl infusion affected nothing to the arrhythmia producing action of cardiac glycoside. (7) The K depletion reduced markedly the threshold of the heart to the toxic effects of cardiac glycoside. (8) Potent diuretics in the state of deficient diet would produce clinically significant hypopotassemia and hyponatremia or both. The inducced hypopotassemia may provoke serious cardiac arrhythmia in the digitalized patients or animals.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Depression ; Diet ; Digitalis ; Diuretics ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ions ; Ouabain ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

BACKGROUND: Th2-like cells are thought to play a crucial role in the recruitment and activation of eosinophil in bronchial asthma. In contrast to Th2 cytokine, Thl cytokine IFN-y decreases eosinophil recruitment. Previous studies have shown that IL-12 promotes differentiation of Th0 into Thl and enhances production of Thl cytokine. IL-12 also prevents differentiation of Th0 into Th2 during primary immune response. Its effect on established Th2 cell, however, is well known. OBJECTIVE: The objective of aur study was focused on whether IL-12 prevents recruitment of eosinophil and expression of Th2 cytokine in murine model for bronchial asthma, and whether its effect differs according to timing of dosage. METHOD: Administration of IL-12 was tested in the 3 different time-frames; 1) allergic sensitization (early dosage) 2) allergic challenge (late doaage) or 3) both. The number of eosinophil in the bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid and tissue was examined for change of airway inflammation. The effect on cytokine expression was assessed by measuring cytokine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (ELISA) and mRNA in peribronchial lymph node (RT-PCR) RESULTS: Early dosage of IL-12, and the combination of early and late dosages, strikingly decreased the numbers of eosinophil in both BAL fluid and tissue(p<0.05). Late dosage of IL-12 decreased tissue eosinophilia, while the number of eosinophil in BAL fluid remained unchanged. IL-12 increased IL-4 and IL-5 levels, and decreased IL-2 and I~FN-r levels. There were no differences in Thl/Th2 cytokine regulation among the three dosage times. Early dosage of IL-12, and the combination of early and late dosages, increased IL-10 level, but late dosage had no effect on IL-10. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that depending upon whether IL-12 is administered during sensitization or during subsequent allergen exposure, Thl/Th2 cytokine regulation by IL -12 shows no difference because it seems that difference of inhibition of eosinophil recruitment by IL-12 might be related with the other factors, such as IL-10.
Animals ; Asthma* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Inflammation* ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-12* ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-5 ; Lymph Nodes ; Mice* ; RNA, Messenger ; Th2 Cells

Glomus tumor shows histologically characteristic three components of glomus cells, vascular structures, and spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells. It is classified into solid glomus tumor, glomangioma and glomangiomyoma according to relative proportions of components. Glomangiomyoma, the least frequent type of glomus tumor, has its overall histopathologic pattern identical to common solid glomus tumor or glomangioma. In contrast to the foregoing types, however, it has an important number of spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells, which blend with the glomus cells. A 49-year-old woman presented with 2-year history of painful bluish red nodule beneath nail plate of right 4th finger. We made a diagnosis of glomangiomyoma by virtue of routine histopathologic examinations and immunohistochemical stains such as vimentin, smooth muscle actin and desmin.
Actins ; Coloring Agents ; Desmin ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fingers ; Glomus Tumor ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Spine ; Vimentin ; Virtues

Livedo reticularis is a mottled bluish discoloration of the skin which occurs in a netlike pattern and is not a diagnosis in itself, but is a nonspecific reaction pattern. It may be classified as idiopathic and secondary livedo reticularis. Decompression sickness can occur during decompression after diving into deep sea water or during a rapiid ascent from sea level, and is one of the many causes of the secondary livedo reticularis. We report a case of livedo reticulris which developed in a patient with decompression sickness. A biopsy from the purpuric patch revealed an unusual histopathologic finding that resembles those of bullae and sweat gland necrosis in drug induced coma.
Biopsy ; Coma ; Decompression Sickness* ; Decompression* ; Diagnosis ; Diving ; Humans ; Livedo Reticularis* ; Necrosis ; Seawater ; Skin ; Sweat Glands

We report a detailed course of one case of Gianotti-Crosti syndreme in 9 year-old boy. Characteristically the case presented cutaneous eruptions as its first clinical symptom. The eruptions were seen for five weeks and abnormal liver function tests persisted at least more than four months. The case caused the authors to think that alertness to the syndrome in dermatological clinic is necessary, especially in the country where viral hepatitis is endemic.
Acrodermatitis* ; Child ; Hepatitis ; Humans ; Liver Function Tests ; Male

Epithelioid sarcoma is malignant tumor described by Enzinger, that is likely to be confused with a varety of benign and malignant conditions, especially a granulomatous process, a synovial sarcoma Or an ulerating squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor occurs chiefly in young adult and most commonly affects the soft tissue of the hand, the forearm and the pretibial region. The tumor is characteristically a slowly growing lesion but frequent recurrence is common and metastasis were most frequent in the lung. In this paper, we reported one case which is believed to be epithelioid sarcoma in the forearm.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

No abstract available.
Hemorrhage*

BACKGROUND: Pigmented basal cell carcinoma(PBCC) is a clinical and histological variant of BCC, which is known to show better prognosis than non-PBCC. There has been no report about the PBCC among Korean patients. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to identify the clinical and histologic characteristics of PBCC and to determine whether this correlated with prognosis. METHODS: A clinical and histological survey was done with 62 lesions of 56 cases of PBCC that visited the Department of Dermatology, Presbyterian Medical Center during the last 10 years(1988 - 1998). Some results were then compared with results of non-PBCC. RESULTS: 1. The frequency of BCC in the total number of new outpatients was 0.34%, and 83.6% of BCC contained pigment histologically. 2. The male-female ratio was 1.24:1, and 92.9% of the patients with PBCC were older than the age of 40 years with the mean age of 62.9 years. 3. 88.7% of the PBCC occurred on the face, especially on the nose(38.7%), cheek(19.4%), and eyelid(17.7%). Clinically, most of the tumors were noduloulcerative(77.4%) and diffuse pigmentation was more common than dotted. 4. The most frequent histologic types were nodulocystic(43.6%) and mixed(43.6%) type followed by superficial(6.4%), micronodular(1.6%), adenoid (1.6%), infiltrative(1.6%), basosquamous(1.6%) types. Histologically 51.6% of the tumors were associated with ulceration, and 71% of the tumors were associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells. 5. Fontana-Masson stains showed pigment is melanin and it was found in both tumor nests and surrounding dermis in most cases(95.0%). Hypertrophic melanocytes with prominent dendrites were seen in the tumor nodule(77.8%) and in the normal epidermis overlying tumor(22.2%). 6. Margins were examined for evidence of residual tumor in 48 lesions that were excised. In 4 lesions(8.3%) were the margin positive for tumor. This was statistically not significant (p>0.05) compared with 10 excisions of non-PBCC in which 2(20%) showed positive margins. CONCLUSION: High incidence of PBCC is a characteristic feature in Korean patients, and PBCC showed better prognosis than non-PBCC because it is more frequently excised with adequate margins.
Adenoids ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Coloring Agents ; Dendrites ; Dermatology ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Melanins ; Melanocytes ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Outpatients ; Pigmentation ; Prognosis ; Protestantism ; Ulcer

The migration of photoreceptors into the subretinal space has been reported to occur in developing and aged rat retina, in aged human retina, in detached owl monkey, and in detached cat retina. Subretinal photoreceptor cells have been observed in aphakic-vitrectomized rabbit eyes with or without intravitreal saline or antibiotic injection. Variety of photoreceptor cell nuclei can be distinguished. The nuclei of photoreceptor cells change their shape so as to pass easily through the juncition and thereafter they returned to their original shape in sub retinal space. The mechanisms and biological significance of this phenomenon are not yet certain, but it may by one of the important factors contributing to decreased vision with aging.
Aging ; Animals ; Aotidae ; Cats ; Humans ; Photoreceptor Cells* ; Rats ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde