PURPOSE: This study was done to examine the effects of oral care with essential oil in improving the oral health status of hospice patients with terminal cancer. METHODS: The participants were 43 patients with terminal cancer admitted to K hospital in G city, Korea. Twenty-two patients were assigned to the experimental group and 21 to the control group. Participants in the experimental group received special mouth care with essential oil (application of essential oil mixture consisting of geranium, lavender, tea tree, and peppermint). The control group received special mouth care with 0.9% saline. The special mouth care was performed twice daily for one week in both groups. The scores for subjective oral comfortness, objective oral state, and numbers of colonizing Candida albicans were measured before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The score for subjective oral comfortness and objective oral state were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group. The numbers of colonizing Candida albicans significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Oral care with essential oil could be an effective oral health nursing intervention for hospice patients with terminal cancer.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Candida albicans/drug effects ; *Hospice Care ; Hospices ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Oils, Volatile/*administration & dosage ; *Oral Health ; Questionnaires

Although neuroendocrine differentiation is a characteristic feature of tumors of the adrenal medulla, cortical tumors may also rarely be differentiated into medullary element. Recently we experienced such a case of adrenal cortical tumor having features of both cortical and medullary tumor. The patient was an 11-year-old girl who was incidentally found to have a left adrenal mass. Laboratory results showed elevated serum cortisol, aldosterone, renin, and epinephrine with high excretion of urinary metanephrine. Urine vanillyl mandelic acid and 17-ketosteroid remained within normal limits. Histologic featuresof a 6 cm round yellowish tumor were ambiguous to decide the orgin of this neoplasm. Cortical element predominated in the tumor with minor areas of pheochromocytomatous feature. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, neuron specific enolase, and epithelial membrane antigen. Ultrastructural examination revealed scattered membrane bound dense core granules in the tumor cells of medullary differentiation, measuring 150~500 nm in average diameter. Cortical tumor element showed corresponding ultrastructural features. These results indicate that this is a case of adrenal cortical tumor with features of neuroendocrine differentiation.
Child ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Bacteria, Anaerobic*

The bcl-2 gene is a proto-oncogene which extends cell survival by blocking apoptosis. Bcl-2 expression has been detected in many types of nodal and MALT lymphoma. The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene and p53 mutation is the most common genetic alteration in human malignancies. The relationship between the expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein in primary gastric lymphoma has been rarely reported. The authors investigated the expression of bcl-2 and p53 protein in 37 cases of primary gastric lymphoma by immunohistochemical method using bcl-2 and p53 monoclonal antibodies. There were five cases of low grade B-cell MALT lymphomas and thirty two cases of high grade B-cell lymphomas. Fifteen of 37 cases (41%) showed bcl-2 protein expression in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and 26 cases (70%) showed p53 protein expression in the nucleus of tumor cells. Bcl-2 protein was detected in 4 of 5 (80%) low grade MALT lymphomas, and in 11 of 32 (34%) high grade lymphomas. There was no significant correlation between bcl-2 expression and histologic grade of primary gastric lymphomas (p>0.05). p53 protein was positive in 25 of 32 (78%) high grade lymphomas, and in 1 of 5 (20%) low grade MALT lymphomas. The expression of p53 protein is significantly higher in high grade lymphoma than in low grade MALT lymphoma (p<0.05). The p53 expression in the bcl-2 negative cases (86%) was significantly higher than in the bcl-2 positive cases (47%). There was an inverse relationship between bcl-2 and p53 expression in primary gastric lymphoma. These results suggest that bcl-2 and p53 expression in primary gastric lymphoma may be involved in the transition from low grade MALT lymphoma to high grade lymphoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Apoptosis ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Survival ; Cytoplasm ; Genes, bcl-2 ; Genes, p53 ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Proto-Oncogenes

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder. Recently, it has been suggested that brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Our aim of this review is to understand the physiological functions of BDNF and its potential relationship with ADHD and therapeutic approaches of ADHD. Searches were conducted in Pubmed and Research Information Service System (RISS). In this review, we summarized important literatures for the physiological functions of BDNF in neurodevelopment, change of serum BDNF level in ADHD, association of BDNF polymorphism and ADHD and potential association of treatment of ADHD with serum BDNF level. Further studies are required to more clearly understand the source and the role of BDNF in ADHD and to develop BDNF based-ADHD treatement.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity* ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Information Services

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of life stress and depression in undergraduates on suicidal ideation. METHODS: The participants in this study were 306 nursing students from three different cities. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for life stress was 48.48, for depression, 28.59, and for suicidal ideation, 5.90. There were positive relationships between depression and life stress, suicidal ideation and life stress, and suicidal ideation and depression. The four factors of life stress, depression, school life, and gender were identified as factors influencing on suicidal ideation in undergraduates. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study indicate that the establishment of mental health care centers in universities, and development and implementation of nursing intervention programs for suicide prevention would be helpful.
Depression ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Stress, Psychological ; Students, Nursing ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; Child Health

Charcoal has been commonly used for enteral detoxication although it causes few adverse effects. The major causes of morbidity and mortality secondary to activated charcoal therapy are pulmonary aspiration, gastrointestinal complication, and fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Aspiration of charcoal is associated with pulmonary compromise due to increased microvascular permeability with concomitant lung edema, surfactant depletion, atelectasis, and obliterative bronchiolitis. Herein we report the case of a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome with chemical pneumonitis after aspiration of activated charcoal in sorbitol with a review of the related literatures.
Bronchiolitis ; Capillary Permeability ; Charcoal ; Edema ; Humans ; Lung ; Pneumonia ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Sorbitol

BACKGROUND: Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an inherited arteriopathy caused by mutation in the Notch 3 gene. Cognitive impairment, which is the second most frequent clinical manifestation, worsens with recurrent stroke. Comparison studies between the pre- and poststroke phases in CADASIL have not yet been performed in Asia. Here we describe the clinical characteristics of both the preand poststroke phases and identified the risk factors for stroke in CADASIL. METHODS: Fifty-three consecutive patients were investigated. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence (poststroke group; n=31) or absence (prestroke group; n=22) of clinically overt stroke. All patients underwent an MRI scan with the same protocol. Cognition was assessed by applying detailed neuropsychological tests. RESULTS: The poststroke group exhibited an increase in lacunae and cerebral microbleeds. The memory scores on the Alzheimer's Dementia Assessment Scale cognitive subscale and the number of correct Stroop color-naming scores were lower in the poststroke group than in the prestroke group. Hypertension was more prevalent in the poststroke group, while chronic headache was more prevalent in the prestroke group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that cerebral microbleeds as well as lacunae predict the risk of clinically overt stroke, which leads to a worsening of frontal-lobe function in CADASIL.
Asia ; CADASIL ; Cognition ; Dementia ; Headache Disorders ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans