Surveillance colonoscopy after endoscopic resection of colorectal adenomas is a crucial step in colorectal cancer screening. After identifying the patients at risk,a tailored follow-up colonoscopy surveillance strategy should be formulated. The follow up colonoscopy time interval after endoscopic resection of colorectal adenomas should be scheduled on the basis of past history,family history,and results of initial high quality colonoscopy examination. By reviewing the American and European guidelines for surveillance after polypectomy,a follow-up colonoscopy time interval schedule matched with the risk stratification is suggested for discussion.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Tympanoplasty ; Young Adult

Objective To assess the effects of positions on circulation and neonatal during Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia. Methods Eighty healthy parturients undergoing selective Caesarean section were randomly allocated in four groups with 20 cases each, who were positioned in supine (group S), left oblique 30 degress(group L), left oblique 15 degrees with 15 degrees Trendelenburg(group LT), or supine with 15 degrees Trendetenburg (group ST) position. MAP, HR,SpO_2 were recorded before and at 5 min, 10 min, 15 min during anesthesia. Apgar scores of 1-and 5-min were observed as well. Results MAP in groups of S, LT and ST was significantly lower at 10 min during anesthesia than that before or group L(P<0. 05) There was no significant difference in 1-and 5-min Apgar scores among four groups. Conclusion The left oblique 30 degrees position could effectively reduce the incidence of hypotension during Caesarean section under epidural anaesthesia

Diphosphonates ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Osteonecrosis ; chemically induced

Objective To study the change of activity and toxicity of superoxide (O - 2 ) produced in polymorphonuclear leukocytes(PMNLs) during ischemia reperfusion cerebral injury.Methods The rats were administrated by both PMA (an activator of single transduction of O - 2 produced in alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) positive granules of PMNLs) and the inhibitor BCA respectively; the model of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was made by suture cleat mothod,the activity changes of both myeloperoxidease (MPO) and O - 2 were measured at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168h reperfusion following ischemia 1h, and the pathological ultrastructural changes were observed. Results The MPO activity of both PAM group and BCA group reached the peaks at 24h after reperfusion; however,there were no remarkable differences in MPO activity between these two groups in the same time point. The O - 2 activity in the PAM group was significantly higher than those in the BCA group. The O - 2 activity reached the peak at 72h of ischemia reperfusion. In the same experimental time point, the pathological changes of the ultrastructure in ischemic reperfusive injury brain of the PAM group were much more serious than the those of the BCA group, which showed obviously the neurons edema, the abnormal structures of nerve felt and synapse in the ischemia reperfusion injured brain.Conclusion The increase of brain O - 2 activity from PMNLs during cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury was direct ratio to the degree of cerebral injury. BCA might depress the activity and the toxicity of the O - 2.

Objective: To investigate the effects of AG, an iNOS inhibitor on microcirculation of the septic shock rabbits. Method: The white rabbits were infused endotoxin(LPS, 300?g. kg~(-1)in lh. Two hours after the MAP de creased to 60% of the baseline, the rabbits were grouped randomly as L-NAME(n=6.30 mg. kg~(-1))I. V. group and AG(n=6,20 mg. kg~(-1)) I. V. group. Result: Two hours after MAP decreased, the blood velocity decreased, the arterio lar of mesenterium dilated by 18%(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of selective NOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) on endotoxintreated rat aorta (AO) and pulmonary artery (PA) in vitro. Method: The reaction to noradrenaline (NE) (10~(-9)-10~(-4)mmol/L) was measured in the vessels with complete endothelium, then the vessels were divided into 8 groups after incubated in LPS(300ng/ml)for 4 hours. Each group was incubated with AG(100?mol/L)or L-NAME (300?mol/L)for 20, or 60min, respectively. Result: Both AO and PA showed hyporeaetivity to NE after incubated in LPS. and the reactivity of AO and PA to L-NAME and AG increased significantly after incubated in them for 60min or 20min. The sen sitivities of AO to AG,AO and PA to L-NAME increased greatly. AO had a higher reactivity to AG in 60min than in 20min. L-NAME caused earlier and greater contraction than AG in both 60 min and 20 min groups. Conclusion: LNAME and AG can both increase the decreased reactivities of AO and PA to NE. AG only increases the AO sensitivity.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize a new drug delivery system of polyaldehyde Dex coupled with SA-10-HCPT and to study the HCPT release in vitro and the anti-tumor activity in vivo. METHODS: The new drug delivery system was prepared by polyaldehyde Dex coupled with SA-HCPT, grafted with mPEG-adipic dihydrazide monohydrazone and cross-linked with adipic dihydrazide. RESULTS: The conjugate formed micelle with a diameter of 100 nm in water,which could achieve passive targeting of tumor tissue concentration. The drug loading efficiency achieved 5.63%. The drug release processes accorded with kinetic equation Rc=Atn1/(B+Ctn2) in the buffer solution. The release rate of HCPT from this conjugate in pH 5.4 buffer was much higher than that in the environment of pH 7.4 and pH 4.5. The tumor inhibition of the conjugate was similar to that of HCPT while the toxicity in vivo was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: The structure of the conjugate is unstable in acidic environment, and the drug is released pH-sensitively. The mice survival rate is significantly improved because of the significant slow-release property. Therefore, the conjugate can be developed as a novel prodrug.