Ultrasonograms were obtained from 27 cases of intraocular and 10 cases of orbital diseases with S.K.L containing a general transducer(A-mode), 1~3 MHz in its frequency and 15mm in its diameter. The authors summerized that these ultrasonograms would provide some benefits in supplementary clinical diagnosis, especially in confirming the presence of intraocular tumors, differential diagnosis of primary and secondary retinal detachment and deciding the location and surgical procedure preoperatively in the orbital tumors.
Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Orbit* ; Orbital Diseases* ; Retinal Detachment ; Ultrasonography*

The authors reported clinical review of 85 cases of benign tumors of the eye and its adnexa diagnosed histopathologically for last 15 years at Department of Ophthalmology, Busan National University Hospital. The followings were summarized. 1. The occurence of benign tumors of the eye and its adnexa by age was frequent under 3rd decade but no sexual differences were found. 2. The benign tumors in the eye and its adnexa were frequently involved eye lids (33 cases, 38.8%), orbit (25 cases, 29.4%) and conjunctiva (19 cases, 22.4%) in erder. 3. The frequency of occurence of benign tumors in the eye and its adnexa was dermoid cyst (18 cases, 21.2%), hemangioma (12 cases, 14.1%), cysticercosis and nevus (9 cases, 10.6% in each) and pseudotumor (5 cases, 5.9 %) in order. In addition, 3 rare benign tumors in the ocular adnexa, such as an epibulbar osseous choristoma in the subconjunctiva, a benign mixed tumor originated from medial canthal eccrine gland and hemangioendothelioma located in the eye lid were presented.
Busan ; Choristoma ; Conjunctiva ; Cysticercosis ; Dermoid Cyst ; Eccrine Glands ; Hemangioendothelioma ; Hemangioma ; Nevus ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit

The authors studied the retinal vascular patterns of human eye suffered from complicated endophthalmitis following by perforating injury and corneal ulcer. The technique of preparing slides to study the retinal vascular patterns were same as previously noted Part I report. A lot of microorganisms, such as cocci, bacilli and fungi are found in the inflamed foci(with or without filaments) around the retinal vessels unless the vessels were completely occluded. Focal and diffuse exudative vasculitis is related to the species of microorganisms and cbserved stage but almost all retinal vessel waIls show diffuse loss of perivascular argyrophilic fibers, socalled "moth eaten" appearance. In the later stage of vasculitis microorganisms are not found in the inflamed focus("punched out" lesion) of the occluded vessels which show as "bark-stripped-dead tree" appearance in reticulin stain.
Corneal Ulcer* ; Endophthalmitis* ; Fungi ; Humans ; Reticulin ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde* ; Vasculitis

The authors observed retinal vascular patterns of the blind eyes surgically removed on account of pain, high intraocular pressure and global rupture by injury. Material for the study was 10 eyes which were 4 eyes of long standing absolute glaucoma, late stage of chronic simple glaucoma (3 eyes) and chronic angle closure glaucoma (1 eye). aphakic glaucoma (1 eye) and an eye of chronic simple glaucoma with traumatic global rupture. The technique of preparation of the slides was made of flat preparations of retinal vessels that all nonvascular components were digested with tris-buffered 3% trypsin solution and stained with PAS-hematoxylin and Wilder's reticulin stain. RESULTS OBTAINED AS FOLLOWS; 1. it is possible that diffuse acellularity (predominant loss of endothelium) in the capillaries of the equatorial and posterior portion of retina results from the arterial occlusion. 2. Solitary microaneurysm in the peripheral retinal capillary was found in the early stage and numerous saccular and fusiform aneurysms (rows of bead-like aneurysms) on the venules, and arteriolar and venular capillaries are related to the degree and duration of the venous occlusion. 3. The majority have had venous occlusion initially, on which distal venule there are found rows of bead-like outpouchings, and the occlusive arterioles show fibrinous appearence, accllularity and increasing PAS staining. 4. It is possible that abnormal A-V shunts and venous collaterals result from the venous occlusion and rows of bead-like microaneuysms in the capillaries will be switched over to shunts and collaterals.
Aneurysm ; Arterioles ; Capillaries ; Fibrin ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Intraocular Pressure ; Reticulin ; Retina ; Retinal Vessels ; Retinaldehyde* ; Rupture ; Trypsin ; Venules

BACKGROUND: We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study of Korean adults to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria as a marker for early-stage chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A total of 8,497 adults (3,625 men and 4,872 women) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2012 were included. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to recommendation from a joint interim statement of international organizations published in 2009. Microalbuminuria was defined as a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 30 to 300 mg/g. The association between metabolic syndrome and microalbuminuria was evaluated using logistic regression analysis with adjustment for covariates while considering sampling weights and the complex survey design. RESULTS: The prevalence of microalbuminuriain subjects with metabolic syndrome was 11% for men and 14.4% for women, whereas the prevalence in subjects without metabolic syndrome was 3.1% for men and 6.7% for women. Metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with an increased risk of microalbuminuriain both women (odds ratio, 2.79; 95% confidence interval, 2.01 to 3.88) and men (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.11 to 4.27). All components of the metabolic syndrome were associated with a significantly increased risk of microalbuminuria with the strongest association for high blood pressure. The risk of microalbuminuria increased in a dose-dependent manner (P-value for trend < 0.001) with the number of metabolic syndrome components observed for both sexes. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease from an early stage.
Adult* ; Albuminuria ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Joints ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Risk Factors ; Weights and Measures

Collagenous colitis is an uncommon condition charaeterized clinically by diarrhea and weight loss and histologically by thickening of the subepithelial collagen band with chromic inflammation. Laboratory tests of blood, urine and stool, and colonscopic findings are usually normal. The etiology of collagenous colitis is unknown. We report a case of collagenous colitis improved after treatment with sulfasalazine with review of literatures.
Colitis, Collagenous* ; Collagen* ; Diarrhea ; Inflammation ; Sulfasalazine ; Weight Loss

BACKGROUND/AIMS: A diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is based on the typical symptoms, such as acid regurgitation and heartburn. However, there is a very high inter-observer variation in the evaluation of GERD patients. METHODS: The endoscopic images of forty-two cases with reflux symptoms (2 still images and 15-second video images per case) were analyzed by 18 experienced endoscopists and 22 trainees. The findings were classified into the following: (1) 6 groups (modified LA classification: 4 LA groups, minimal, and normal), (2) erosinve and non-erosive, and (3) confluent erosive and others. The level of inter-observer variation is expressed as a kappa value. RESULTS: The level of inter-observer agreement of the 18 experienced endoscopists for classifying the patients into 6 groups was fairly low (kappa=0.364). However, when the findings were classified into the 2 groups suggested in the Genval workshop (NERD, A, or B versus C or D), the level of inter- observer agreement increased substantially (kappa=0.710). The kappa value of the 22 trainees for classifying the patients into 6 groups was 0.402. CONCLUSIONS: Modified LA classification with minimal change lesions showed a fairly low level of agreement. The problem caused by inter-observer variations decreased significantly when the findings were classified into two groups.
Classification ; Diagnosis* ; Education ; Gastroesophageal Reflux* ; Heartburn ; Humans ; Observer Variation*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequency of gut inflammation in the ankylosing spondylitis and the role of gut lesion in the pathogenesis of the ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS: Ileocolonoscopy and biopsy were performed in 24 patients with. ankylosing spondylitis. RESULTS: 1) Endoscopic lesions were observed in 7 patients(29.2%) of 24 patients and more often in the terminal ileum(6/7) than in the colon(I/7). Among 7 patients with endoscopic lesions, 5 patients were presented as juvenile chronic arthritis. 2) Histologic signs of gut inflammation were detected in 14 patients(58. 3%). Actue lesions were seen in 2 patients (8. 3%) and chronic lesions were seen in 12 patients (50%). 3) In 12 patients without the involvement of peripheral joints, acute lesion was not seen(0%), and chronic lesions were seen in 6 patients(50%). In 12 patients with the involvement of peripheral joints, acute lesions were seen in 2 patients (16.7%), and chronic lesions were seen in 6 patients(50%). Gut inflammations were more frequent in patients with the involvement of peripheral joints than in those without the involvement of peripheral joints. 4) In 12 patients without the administration of sulfasalazine, acute lesion was not seen(0%), and chronic lesions were seen in 7 patients(58.7%) In 12 patients with the administration of sulfasalazine, acute lesions were seen in 2 patients (16.7%), and chronic lesions were seen in 5 patients(41.6%). The frequency of gut lesions in patients without the administration of sulfasalazine was not different from that in patients with the administration. of sulfasalazine (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Gut inflammation was frequently found in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Chronic gut inflammation could play a role in the pathogenesis of the ankylosing spondylitis.
Arthritis, Juvenile ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Joints ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing* ; Sulfasalazine

Deposition of amyloid in ststemic amyloidosis may cause widespread dysfunction of the entire gastrointestinal tract, Intestinal pseudoobstruction is an uncommon but well-recognized complication of systemic amyloidosis, and its prognosis is poor and conventional treatment is ineffective. We report a case of intestinal pseudoobstruction secondary to systemic amyloidosis diagnosed by endoscopic mucosal biopsy in a patient with multiple myeloma.
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Biopsy ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction* ; Multiple Myeloma ; Prognosis

Small bowel tumors are very rare and generally malignant. As a result of the anatomical location and nonspecific manifestations of small bowel tumors, they are very difficult to diagnose. Balloon-assisted enteroscopy is a relatively noninvasive method compared to surgical resection, and allows for real-time observation, tissue confirmation with biopsy, and interventional procedures. Here, we report the case of a 69-year-old woman with a small bowel metastatic carcinoma observed with double balloon enteroscopy (DBE). She had a history of multiple cancers including ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, and breast cancer. The antegrade DBE procedure was performed before surgery for biopsy tissue confirmation. The patient underwent small bowel resection, and the final diagnosis was the same as that determined by preoperative biopsy. The final diagnosis was metastatic small bowel cancer originating from a cancer of the breast. This is the first detailed report of the preoperative diagnosis of small intestinal metastatic breast cancer by DBE.
Aged ; Biopsy ; Breast Neoplasms ; Diagnosis ; Double-Balloon Enteroscopy* ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms