Three lines of studies (lung in sito, isolated perfused lung and cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cell, PAEC) were undertaken in our laboratory in recent years which demonstrated that oxygen free radicals (OFRs) participates in the pathogenesis of rat lung edema induced by oleic acid (OA). The OFRs derived from xanthine/xanthine oxidase in PAEC might play a primary and initial role, whereas that derived from PMNs might act as an important but secondary and amplifying role in the pathogenesis of lung edema induced by OA.

Objective:To design an intelligent system of leak detection for AK200Shemodialysis machine so as to fast troubleshoot the range of leaked point for helpingengineer. Methods: The likely leaked part of flow paths of hemodialysis were simplified basedon routine detection experiment and the statistical record and data of faults. And then, testmode of pressure when hemodailysis implemented self-inspection for leakage was imitated. There was a air pumpwas connected with aimed flow paths, and the positive and negative pressure generated by controlling an externalair pump and the connected magnetic valve were applied at different time and different section, respectively. Afterincreased pressure, depended on the comparison of intra pressures from pressure sensors for one part of pipelinebetween pre- and post of one spell to analyze and decide whether this section exist leak. And the judgment standardwas if the difference of pressure was less than 5mmHg, there was not leak in this flow path, otherwise, the likely leakpoint should be troubleshot in further detection. Results: 183 detections were implemented at AK200S/AK200USwhich once happened alarm of leakage. And in the 183 detections, the detection system for leakage has found theranges of leaked point in 171 detection. The distribution of leaked points was: 73 times were from filter to DRVAsection, 19 times were from DRVA section to DIVA section, 79 times were from DIVA section to champ of flexiblepipe at terminal of EVVA. On the other hand, in the leaked points, 162 points were at seal ring, 1 point was at filmof valve, 8 points were at connector, and the success rate of detection for leaked fault was more than 90%. Besides,the success rate of detection for leakage on flow paths of prepare troubleshooting under normal temperature was100%. Conclusion: The detection system of self-dependant development for leakage can help engineer to save timeof troubleshooting for leaked point and enhance the work efficiency.

Objective To investigate the role of nentrophils in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. Methods Neutrophils were isolated from venous blood samples of 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris (including 13 cases of active psoriasis and 12 cases of inactive psoriasis) as well as 25 normal human con-trols, and cultured. Then, these neutrophils were grouped and treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 g/L),CpG-A (50 mg/L), CpG-B (50 mg/L), and RPMI 1640 culture medium, respectively, for 24 hours followed by the collection of culture supematants. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured in the presence of su-pematants of treated or untreated nentrophils for 72 hours followed by the detection of cell proliferation with MTT assay. To determine the role of proinflammatory factors, SOD/CAT and monoclonal antibody to IL-8 and TNF-alpha of 400 u/mL were used to pretreat HaCaT cells 1 hour prior to the stimulation with super-natants of neutrophils. Results Compared with culture medium, the supematant of unstimulated neutrophils from normal controls or patients with inactive psoriasis had no significant effect on the proliferation of HaCaT cells (P ＞ 0.05), but that from patients with active psoriasis markedly promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells (t = 2.41, P < 0.05). ARe, stimulation by LPS, CpG-A and CpG-B, the supematant of active patient-derived neutrophils significantly promoted the proliferation of HaCaT cells compared with that of normal control-derived nentrophils (t = 3.11, 2.89, 2.29, respectively, all P < 0.05). In comparison with tmstimulated neutrophils, the supematant from LPS- and CpG-A stimulated nentrophiles significantly accelerated the pro-liferation of HaCaT cells. Furthermore, the proliferation of HaCaT cells induced by the supematants of LPS-,CpG-A-, CpG-B-stimulated neutrophils from psoriatic patients was statistically suppressed by the pretreat-ment with the monoclonal antibody to IL-8, TNF-alpha and SOD/CAT (all P < 0.05). Conclusions In patients with psoriasis vulgaris, there is an abnormal secretion of IL-8, TNF-alpha and superoxide by neutrophils in peripheral blood, and these proinflammatory factors could promote the proliferation of HaCaT cells.

Objective To investigate the effect of mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock protein 70(TB .HSP70) as an adjuvant carrier on stimulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen(HBcAg)specific immune response to an accompanying cytotoxic T lym-phocytes epitope peptide from HBV core antigen in vitro .Methods Recombinant proteins HSP70(P1)、HSP70-HBcAg(18-27) (P2)、HSP70-PreS2B (18-24)-PreS2Th(37-53)-HBcAg(18-27)(P3) were expressed in methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 . The expression of recombinant proteins was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot .The effect of recombinant proteins on den-dritic cell and lymphocytes of chronic HBV infection volunteers was investigated in vitro .The maturation of dendritic cell was meas-ured by flow cytometry ;the secretion of Th1 cytokines such as IL-12p70 ,IL-1β,TNF-αand IFN-γ was measured by ELISA ;the proliferation of lymphocytes was measured by TdR-3H ;the HBV-spesific cytotoxic activity was measured by the classic 51 Cr .Re-sults The recombinant proteins (P1 ,P2 ,P3) were constructed successfully .P1 ,P2 ,P3 could activate dendritic cell from chronic HBV infection volunteers by upregulation CD1a ,CD40 ,CD86 and production Th1 cytokines such as IL-12p70 ,IL-1β and TNF-α. Especially P3 could better induce autologous T cells to generate HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes response ,activate the prolif-eration of lymphocytes and release IFN-γeffectively .However ,the recombinant HSP70 showed no target cell killing and could not induce immune response effectively .Conclusion TB .HSP70 can be used as an adjuvant carrier to stimulate HBV specific immune response to an accompanying cytotoxic T lymphocytes epitope peptide from HBV core antigen ,and enhance immunogenicity of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes epitope peptide .The P3 with B-and T-epitope can activate the HBV specific immune response effectively .

Objective To understand teachers' cognition and behavior of PBL teaching in nursing college.Methods Eighty teachers were investigated by questionnaire at eight nursing colleges in Hunan province.The percentage was used to do statistical description.Results Totally 75 copies of valid questionnaires were returned,the effective recovery rate was 93.75％.Among all,96％ of teachers thought that teacher was the guide;85.3％ teachers thought that students were knowledge's seekers;93.3％ teachers heard of PBL teaching;81.3％ teaches thought that PBL teaching played a positive role ;74.7％ teaches understood PBL teaching by communication or reading literature; 72％ teachers were willing to try PBL teaching;46.8％ teachers emphasized on multidisciplinary knowledge fusion in teaching; 88.3％ teachers encouraged student discussion in class.The main factors effecting PBL teaching were case and problem design,teaching result evaluation,lack of expert guidance and teacher instruction.Conclusion Teachers have certain understanding of PBL.Organizers should formulate related policies for teachers and students in order to create good education environment.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

[Objective] To investigate the effects of Eucommia on renal interstitial fibrosis and its mechanism.[Methods]Using renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction(UUO).Adult female SD rats(n=32) were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham operation group (Sham); UUO group,Irbesartan group; Eucommia group.Undergo light microscopy by Masson and HE staining to observe the renal interstitial fibrosis index.To detect the expression of MMP-2 by immunohistochemistry 2w after surgery.[Results] 1.The levels of BUN and Scr in UUO group were significantly higher than in Sham group.Compared with UUO group,the levels of BUN and Scr in irbesartan and eucommia groups were significantly lower.There was no significant difference between irbesartan group and eucommia group.2.The renal tissue was stained with HE.There was no change in Sham group.But in UUO group,there was tubular epithelial cells denaturalization,renal tubular expand or atrophy,interstitial macrophage and monocyt infiltration,interstitial expand,and there was no glomeruli change.While the change in irbesartan and eucommia group was slighter than that in UUO group.There was no significant difference between irbesartan group and eucommia group.3.The renal tissue Masson staining showed that there was interstitial expands fibrous tissues proliferation and there was no glomeruli change in UUO group.Compared with UUO group,the level of pathological change in irbesartan and eucommia groups was significantly lower.There was no significant difference between irbesartan group and eucommia group.4.The expression and distribution of MMP-2 were strong in Sham group,while in other groups lower in renal interstitial.Compared with UUO group,the level in irbesartan and eucommia groups was significantly higher.There was no significant difference between irbesartan and eucommia groups.[Conclusion] Eucommia inhibits the renal interstitial fibrosis lesion up-regulating the MMP-2 expression and blocking renal fibrosis.

In Qin Han periods,the long-storaging method for Chinese materia medica(CMM) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine.People have named the Prescription with "chen" in the Song Dynasty,such as "Er Chen Tang".With the traditional Chinese medicine storing and treating with different methods in appropriate period,medicine becomes old medicine from the new,there by,reaching property of a medicine of reducing the poisonous or over-strong property,strengthening the medicine function and processing effect,getting rid of stench taste,increasing fragrant purpose,so as to further consistent with the demands of clinical treatment.By now,this traditional and distinct processing technique is on the verge of extinct.In order to fully reflect the superiority of long-storaged medicine by therapy,it is imminent to conserve,investigate and develop such medicine and such method.We should reinforce to research the changing of its effective component and pharmacology effect before and after processing drugs,discuss the contribution of the long-storaging method on the quality of CMM,so as to make this method applying and developing further.

Three young men died of developmental abnormalities of the AVN,HB and BB were reported.The victims collapesed suddenly and died silently after excitation. A variety of abnormalities were observed in the AVCS including fetal the pattern of the AVN, the malformation of the AVN and thepresence of the accessory routes. The histopathological feature, the mechanism and the precipitatingfactors of sudden death were discussed.

Objective·To analyze the clinical characteristics of decompensated cirrhosis patients with intestinal obstruction and related risk factors.Methods·Clinical data of 1 783 decompensated cirrhosis patients treated between March 2010 and March 2016 were collected.Of them,128 (7.18％) patients with intestinal obstruction were screened as the observation group and 128 patients without intestinal obstruction were randomly selected as the control group.Clinical data of two groups were retrospectively investigated,clinical characteristics were compared and analyzed,and related risk factors were analyzed with the Logistic regression analysis.Results·The clinical symptoms of decompensated cirrhosis patients with intestinal obstruction were hidden and misdiagnoses or delayed diagnoses were common.The incidences of abdominal pain,abdominal distension,vomiting,stop exhaust defecate,ascites,electrolyte disorders,fever,and spontaneous peritonitis were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The results of univariate analysis showed that age,history of abdominal surgery,white blood cell count,serum sodium,serum potassium,neutrophil percentage,and serum albumin were risk factors for decompensated cirrhosis patients with intestinal obstruction.The results of multivariate analysis indicated that age,history of abdominal surgery,white blood cell count,serum sodium,serum potassium,neutrophil percentage,and serum albumin were independent risk factors for decompensated cirrhosis patients with intestinal obstruction.Conclusion·Decompensated cirrhosis patients with age ≥ 50 years old,a history of abdominal surgery,the abdominal cavity infection,low potassium,hyponatremia,and lower serum albumin are likely to develop the intestinal obstruction.