In order to have a better understanding of the relation between vertical dimension and occlusal force,a meter was made by means of straingauge.Five Japanese men were investi- gated for occlusal force at different vertical dimensions.The measurements showed that the maximal occlusal force of the posterior teeth occured at 8 to 15mm or the vertical dimension, the maximal occlusal forec of the anterior teeth occured at 13 to 18mm.This indicated that the occlusal force was closely related to the state of jaw closing muscle.

OBJECTIVE:To provide suggestions for the setting-up of the current pharmacovigilance(PV)system.METHODS:The characteristics of the setup of the PV system in both US and France were analyzed and the problems encountered in current monitoring system of adverse drug effects were pointed out.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Both American and French PV systems have their own advantages and we should learn from it and draw useful experiences from them.In constructing PV system,China should make improvement in organization,communication,financial resource and information technology etc.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of early activities after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on duration and expenditure of hospitalization and activities of daily living (ADL) of patients.Methods68 AMI inpatients without complications were divided into the early activity group (33 cases) and control group (35 cases). Patients of the early activity group started early activity training by the bed from the 2nd day after admission, and those of the control group from the 10th day. One week before discharge, ADL of all patients were assessed with Barthel index (BI), and duration and expenditure of hospitalization of two groups were compared.ResultsThe average duration and expenditure of hospitalization in the early activity group were obviously lower than those in the control group (P<0.05～0.01), but the total scores of ADL and the scores of most items at discharge were markedly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionEarly activity training by the bed can obviously shorten the duration of hospitalization, reduce the medical cost and improve the ADL of AMI patients.

Persistent centrofacial erythema with transient flushing is the most common clinical manifestation of rosacea. However, its pathological mechanisms are poorly understood, and there is a lack of high-level evidence from clinical studies. Based on research progress and clinical experience in China and other countries, the authors emphasize the necessity that facial flushing with erythema should be investigated as an independent clinical phenotype during the study. It is believed that mental stress, anxiety and/or depression may be driving factors in the pathogenesis of facial flushing with erythema. Based on mental factors, it is of potential clinical significance to investigate the relationship of neuroinflammation involved in facial flushing and erythema with skin immunity and blood vessels in rosacea.

By means of histological and immunohistochemical methods,effects of a singleintraperitoneal injection of ethane dimethanesulphonate(EDS,75 mg/kg bodyweight)on the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis of the rat were observed inthis study.Three days after administration of EDS,Leydig cells were eliminated;some LH cells in pituitary became larger or decreased in immunoreactivity;but nosignificant change could be found in hypothalamic GnRH system.Seven days afterEDS,degeneration of spermatogenic epithelium was marked,the staining intensity ofLH cells was generally reduced,the number of GnRH immunorcactive neurons inthe hypothalamus as well as the density and staining intensity of GnRH fibers andterminals in the median eminence were significantly diminished.Testosteronereplacement increased the number of late spcrmatids in testis and restored theabove-mentioned changes in the hypothalamus and pituitary.These results indicate that following administration of EDS,1)spermatogenesisdamage is resulted from destruction of Leydig cells and cessation of testosterone secretion;2)respective hormone release from hypothalamic GnRH system andpituitary LH cells is increased;3)loss of testosterone negative feedback is themajor factor responsible for the enhancement of secretory activity of the hypotha-lamo-pituitary axis;and that 4)EDS can be a useful experimental tool forstudying hypothalamo-pituitary-testiculer axis and intratesticular local regulation.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)prohormone of human and rat consistsof GnRH and GnRH-associated peptide(GAP).In this study,three antisera againstN-terminal,mid-region and C-terminal of GAP,and ABC immunoenzyme methodwere used to observe the GAP neurons in the brains of the rat,mouse and guineapig.The distribution of GAP neurons in these animals was similar.GAP perikaryawere mainly present in the septo-preoptic area,with the largest concentration inthe diagonal band near the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis.SomeGAP perikarya were also seen in the brain area near the supraoptic nucleus.GAPfibers were widely present in the forebrain and hypothalamus,and terminated inthe organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis and median eminence.Of 3 GAP antisera,the one against N-terminal gave more immunoreactive elements and moreintense staining.The morphology and distribution of GAP perikarya,fibers andterminals were similar to those of GnRH.These results,combined with other relatedfacts,suggest that there is a common GnRH prohormone in mammals,and itsprocessing products,GAP(or cleavage fragments)and GnRH,are cosecreted intohypophysial portal system to regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion.

The morphology of the GnRH neurons in the rat brain during postnatal development was studied quantitatively using the ABC immunostaining method and an image analyser. The pattern of distribution of the GnRH neurons in different ages animals used was similar. GnRH cells of rats aged 1-7 days were small in size with short processes, pale-stained, and smooth in outline The number of GnRH cells in 1 day rats was not significantly different from that of adult, but a significant decrease in the GnRH cell number appeared in 7 day rats. In postnatal day 14, Gn-RH neurons reached adult level in cell body size, number and staining intensity. The GnRH fibers and terminals in the median eminence were gradually increased and reached adult level up to 14 postnatal days. These results suggested that the number of GnRH neurons is determined shortly after birth; the second postnatal week is the critical period for the development of GnRH neuronal morphology; and the establishment of function of the GnRH neuronal system may be earlier than its morphological maturation.

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a common characteristic of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) , and initiates important signal transduction pathways in carcinogenesis. Now the EGFR is a validated target for cancer therapies in HNSCC. However, the effect of EGFR-targeted therapies is only modest because of primary and/or acquired resistance. Therefore, an improved understanding of the molecular mechanisms of resistance to EGFR inhibitors may establish new treatment options to overcome resistance. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of resistance and the strategies to overcome it were summarized.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; ErbB Receptors ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Signal Transduction ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

By means of chromalum-hematoxylin and thiosulfate aldehydefuchsin stains the magnocellular neurosecretory neuron of the rat hypothalamus was studied. The cell body of neuron containing various amounts of secretory granules was large in size, with a variety of shapes. The axon of neuron showed an beaded appearance; only one in each neuron was very fine in diameter and left hypothalamic nuclei to form the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal tract. The dendrite, in general, thicker than the axon, did not project outside of the nucleus. Many of the thick short dendrites did not contain secretory granules or only few secretory granules. The thick processes with more secretory granules were considered as dendritic processes. A number of axons and thick processes containing secretory granules also contacted with the endothelium of vessels and the ependyma of the third ventricle. In addition, a group of magnocellular secretory neurons were found in the sub-choroid plexuses of the lateral ventricle.

By means of ABC immunoenzyme technique, the distribution of GnRH neurons and fibers in the brains of rats and mice was observed, The results showed that more than 90% of GnRH neuronal perikarya were concentrated in the diagonal band-medial preoptic area near the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, extending rostro-dorsally to the medial septic nucleus and caudo-laterally to the supraoptic nucleus region. No GnRH cell body could be found in the mediobasal hypothalamus, GnRH fibers terminated in the median eminence via the periventricular and lateral tracts. In the rostral median eminence, fibers were present in its entire layers and width, and caudally separated into two laterally-located bundles. The difference of GnRH system between rodents and primates, as well as its significance in reproduction are discussed.