No abstract available.
Holoprosencephaly* ; Prune Belly Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: For the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole are most commonly used. Recently the resistant rates against these antibiotics have been increased and this has become one of the major causes of treatment failure. It was recently demonstrated that metronidazole resistance is associated with mutation in rdxA gene that encodes an oxygen-insensitive NADPH nitroreductase. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutations of the rdxA gene for the metronidazoleresistant H. pylori isolates from Guri City, Korea. METHODS: H. pylori strains were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens from patients diagnosed as having peptic ulcer or gastric carcinoma in Hanyang University Guri Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the modified broth microdilution method. Resistance was defined as metronidazole minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being more than 16 ug/mL Three metronidazole-sensitive and 10 metronidazole-resistant strains were selected to detect mutations in the rdxA genes by direct sequencing of PCR products. RESULTS: Of the 266 clinical isolates of H. pylori that were isolated from 1996 through 2001, 90 isolates (33.8%) showed metronidazole resistance. The frequency of nucleotide substitutions of the rdxA gene of 10 metronidazole-resistant strains (25-33/strain) was not so different from that of the three metronidazole-sensitive strains (22-26/strain). Stop signals generated by nucleotide substitution, insertion, or deletion, were found in 5 metronidazole-resistant strains (50%), but not in 3 metronidazole- susceptible strains. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms that the presence of mutations on the rdxA gene causing a premature stopping of the inferred RdxA protein is associated with metronidazole resistance. But other genes or mechanisms might be implicated in the generation of metronidazole resistance and further investigations are needed.
Amoxicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Clarithromycin ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Metronidazole* ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; NADP ; Peptic Ulcer ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Treatment Failure

No abstract available.
Eating* ; Furosemide* ; Nephrocalcinosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to seek the direction of community health nursing practice education focus on the nursing education accreditation criteria. METHODS: We collected data through e-mail survey to all of 202 Korean nursing baccalaureate education institute in April, 2016. The 93 professors teaching community health nursing was responded about their affiliated institute (response rate 46.0%). RESULTS: The Korean nursing graduates in Feb. 2016 was practiced 3.01 credits, 131.6 hours in community health nursing course. Community health nursing practice agency was public health center (98.9%), Public health center post (43.0%), Public health center branch (32.3%) in order. The possibility to achieve the course objectives up to national examination was recognised Public health center (3.4), Public health center post (3.3), Public health center branch and school (3.2) from 5 score likert scale. A lot of nursing education institute have difficulty in clinical placement in community health nursing practice agency that meet eligibility of preceptor and space gaining for only nursing students. CONCLUSION: The nursing education accreditation criteria in 3rd cycle have to be considered real community health nursing practice situation and newly emerging community health nursing fields.
Accreditation* ; Community Health Nursing* ; Education* ; Education, Nursing* ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Public Health ; Public Health Practice ; Students, Nursing

Ketoconazole is one of the broad-spectrum oral antimycotic agents recently developed from imidazole derivatives. Authors performed multicenter trials to evaluate the therapeutic effect of ketoconazole in superficial fungal diseases. One hundred and eighty-four patients with superficial fungaI diseases were included in this study during 7 months from April to October, 1983 Patiets were treated with oral administration of 200 mg of ketoconazole(Nizoral) once a day for 4 weeks.-countinue-
Administration, Oral ; Humans ; Ketoconazole*

PURPOSE: Since the approval of Siewert's classification during the 2nd International Gastric Cancer Congress in 1997, there has been no report on gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancer using this new classification in Korea. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of the new classification by applying it to the Eastern experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-six patients with an adenocarcinoma of the GEJ who underwent surgery from January 1990 to December 1998 were retrospectively classified according to the Siewert's classification. RESULTS: There were 2 patients (1.4%) with type I, 37 patients (25.3%) with type II, and 107 patients (73.3%) with type III. The proportion of the GEJ cancer among all gastric cancer patients who underwent operation was found to be 6.6%. The average age was 46 years in type I, 53 years in type II, and 55 years in type III. All types of GEJ cancers predominantly affected men. No significant differences in the pathologic variables including gross appearance, tumor size, and histologic findings were found between type II and type III. A curative resection (R0) was achieved in 118 cases (80.8%) without difference among tumor types. Type I tumors were treated with a gastrectomy with distal esophagectomy. Most of the type II tumors were treated with a total gastrectomy, and in some patients, a transhiatal partial esophagectomy was added. Type III tumors were treated with a total gastrectomy. Among resected cases with curative intent, microscopic tumor involvement of the proximal resection margin was noted in two patients (6.3%) with type II tumors. Lymph node metastasis was found in 2 patients (100%) with type I, 24 patients (64.9%) with type II, and 66 patients (61.7%) with type III. Lymph nodes along the lesser curvature were the most common site of metastasis, followed by pericardial nodes. The main lymphatic drainage directed the lymph nodes along the left gastric artery among the group 2 nodes. There was no difference in patterns of lymph node metastasis between type II and type III. Postoperative complications occurred in 29 patients, and operative mortality was 2.7%. Five-year survival rates were 0% for type I, 54.3% for type II, and 51.8% for type III. CONCLUSION: The distribution of subtypes of adenocarcinomas of GEJ was markedly different in this study compared with reported Western data. Therefore, Siewert's classification is useful for discussing GEJ cancer in an international setting as it clearly specifies the subtype of GEJ cancer. However, discrimination of type II and type III may have little clinical benefit since there were no significant differences in clinicopathologic characteristics or in the recommended types of surgery.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Arteries ; Classification* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Drainage ; Esophagectomy ; Gastrectomy ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mortality ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: Since the bioavailability of itraconazole capsule is influenced by patients gastric acidity, it results in treatment failure due to its low dissolution and subsequent low absorption when administered in fasting. Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet has been lately developed in order to improve its dissolution profile. It is the first clinical study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet in Korea. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of itraconazole melt-extrusion tablet 400mg daily for 1 week(pulse therapy) for hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and manus. METHODS: A clinical and mycological investigation was made of 812 outpatients with hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus who had visited at 52 general hospitals under the lead of the Korean Dermatological Association from June to December, 1998. Patients confirmed by clinically and microscopically as hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus were administered 2 tablets twice a day for one week and followed up for 8 weeks from the start of the medication. RESULTS: The results were summarized as follows; 1. Clinical symptoms of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea mauns were significantly improved at the end of study, week 8(p<0.001). 2. Clinical response rate, defined as more than 50% decrease of the sum of the clinical symptom scores, was 79.3%(512/646). 3. Mycological cure rate, dafined as both culture and KOH negative at week 8, was 78.2%(244 /312). 4. 40(5.5%) patients, of the 727 patients evaluable for drug safety evaluation, were reported to have adverse event. CONCLUSION: Itraconazole Melt-Extrusion tablet 400mg/day for 1 week (pulse therapy) is effective and safe in the treatment of hyperkeratotic type of tinea pedis and/or tinea manus.
Absorption ; Biological Availability ; Fasting ; Gastric Acid ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Itraconazole* ; Korea ; Outpatients ; Tablets ; Tinea Pedis* ; Tinea* ; Treatment Failure