No abstract available.
Dysentery, Bacillary*

Cutaneous horns of the penis are rare. We report a case associated with squamous cell carcinoma in a 56-year-old male. A gradually enlarging nodule had been on the glans penis for four years. He had suffered from an erythematous crusted tumor mass and horny excrescence on the glans penis which recurred and was aggravated after excision of the nodule seven months ago. Histopathologic findings of the lesions showed characteristic findings of squamous cell carcinoma and cutaneous horn. In situ DNA hybridization for human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 32, and 33 were all negative. The tumor mass were surgically excised and we have not found any sign of recurrence since then.
Animals ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; DNA ; Epithelial Cells* ; Horns* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis* ; Recurrence

In a series of 20 young rats, three cortical lesions were made in each hemisphere. Two of these lesions were filled with avitene and gelfoam, while the third was left empty as a control. The animals were killed successively on weeks 1, 2, 4 and 8 after the operation. The results were as follows : 1) Although there was no difference in the type of tissue reactions, avitene was more rapid and profound than gelfoam in the process and degree of inflammatory reaction at the same periods. 2) Avitene biodegradaded more rapidly than gelfoam. 3) The extent of fibrosis and adhesion to the surrounding brain tissues were not grossly different between these two agents but more profound histopathologically in avitene at the same periods. With these results, we could conclude that the avitene was superior to the gelfoam as the hemostatic agent in neurosurgical area.
Animals ; Brain* ; Collagen ; Fibrosis ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Rats

In 2008, Korea has enacted new ordinances about the role of estheticians, but this law can be interpreted ambiguously, restricting hiring of estheticians in medical clinics. The purpose of the study is to obtain information about medical-esthetic systems in other countries. We have taken a survey of this object from 30 OECD & Asian countries, and the questionnaires returned from a total of 22 countries (Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, Singapore, Israel, and Thailand), were used for the final analysis. The results are summarized as follows. In most countries, estheticians working independently deal with only healthy, normal skin. In most countries, estheticians working independently have no right to operate any medical instruments. In all 17 countries that returned the questionnaires medical clinics can employ estheticians, and only theses estheticians who belong to the medical clinics can handle the non-invasive medical instruments under the supervision of doctors. In 17 countries that have related legal regulations, nurses, under the control of doctors, can perform wider range of duties in various settings than estheticians. The survey concludes that the duties of estheticians are closely related with medical skin care services and estheticians can perform various non-invasive medical procedures only under the control of doctors. From consulting a variety of medical-esthetic systems in other countries, we propose that the estheticians be allowed to work in medical clinics to provide better medical services for the patients and to make more chances of employment for themselves.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Austria ; Canada ; Denmark ; Employment ; Finland ; France ; Germany ; Great Britain ; Humans ; Hungary ; Israel ; Japan ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Netherlands ; New Zealand ; Norway ; Organization and Administration ; Portugal ; Questionnaires ; Singapore ; Skin ; Skin Care ; Slovakia ; Social Control, Formal ; Spain ; Switzerland ; Turkey ; United States

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preterm labor & preterm infants care in Kwangju and Chonam. METHODS: A study was conducted for 2,360 newborns who were born at four main hospitals in Kwangju and chonam from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997. Data were collected by review of hospital records. RESULTS: 1. The survival rate was 6.90% at 23~34 weeks, 38.60% at 27~28weeks and 90.67% after 31wks. 2. The survival rate divided according to birth weight were 8.89% below 1,000gm, 57.14% in 1,001~1,500gm, 86.75% in 1,501~2,000gm and 93.37% over 2,000gm respectively. 3. Clinical causes of neonatal death were RDS(48.84%) hyperbilirubinemia (20.74%), sepsis(11.95%) and pneumonia(9.67%). 4. Incidence of RDS was 23.22% and it's neonatal mortality was 36.28%. CONCLUSION: The survival rate of preterm birth in Kwang-Ju and Chon-nam was still lower than data from advancing countries, and main cause of neonatal death was respiratory distress syndrome.
Birth Weight ; Female ; Gwangju* ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy ; Premature Birth ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to evaluate obstetric aspects and epidemiologic data of respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) in premature baby(under 37 gestational weeks). We compared the mortality and incidence of RDS in premature baby according to gestational age, birth weight, infant sex, mode of delivery. In addition, this study was searched for demonstrating the influence of hypertensive mother, and effectiveness of surfactant and corticosteoid administration. METHODS: A study was conducted for 2,360 premature baby under 37gestatinal weeks, who were born at four main hospitals in Kwangju and Chonnam from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997. Data were collected from hospital records and was analyzed by SPSS computer program. RESULTS: 1. The total incidence of RDS among all the preterm infants under 37gestational weeks, who were admitted in NICU of four hospitals was 22.7%. 2. Neonatal mortality was decreased as the gestational age and or birth weight advanced. (p<0.001) 3. There was no difference in the incidence of RDS according to sex and mode of delivery. (p>0.005) 4. The mortality of RDS infants in this study was 28.1%. 5. There was no statistical correlation between neonatal mortality and use of surfactant. 6. Corticosteroids administration to preterm mother did not decrease the incidence of RDS, but, there was no statistical significance due to insufficient study group. 7. The incidence of RDS among the babies of hypertensive mother was 21.0%. CONCLUSION: Still the RDS in premature baby is the most common cause of perinatal death in this country. In our study, the incidence and mortality of RDS in prematue baby was mainly depends on gestational age of infants. Therefore, we suggested that prevention of preterm labor is the important to decrease the incidence and mortality of RDS.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Gwangju* ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Jeollanam-do ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND: Propofol is an alternative to thiopental as an intravenous induction agent for cesarean section. It is also used as a sedative for supplementation of regional blockade during cesarean section. It has been reported that propofol relaxes not only vascular smooth muscle but also other smooth muscles. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of propofol on rat uterine smooth muscle in an isolated preparation in the rat. METHODS: Uterine smooth muscle tissues were obtained from rats (n = 21). The muscle strips were suspended in tissue baths and isometric tension was recorded. After spontaneous or oxytocin induced activity had been accomplished in the buffer solution as a control, propofol (1 to 20microgram/ml) in fat emulsion was applied cumulatively to the bath and the effects were continuously recorded. RESULTS: In vitro, propofol induced a dose-dependent inhibition of spontaneous as well as oxytocin induced myometrial contractile activity. Propofol concentration of 1microgram/ml had no significant effects on the resting tension, active tention, and frequency of contraction developed by spontaneous and oxytocin induced uterine contractility. However, Complete muscular relaxations on spontaneous and oxytocin induced contractility were obtained at a concentration of 10microgram/ml and 20microgram/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol inhibits spontaneous and oxytocin-induced uterine smooth muscle contractions in dose dependent pattern.
Animals ; Baths ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Muscle, Smooth* ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy ; Propofol* ; Rats* ; Relaxation ; Thiopental

Avian influenza viruses (AIV) have been isolated from a wide range of domestic and wild birds. Wild birds, predominantly ducks, geese and gulls form the reservoir of AIV in nature. The viruses in wild bird populations are a potential source of widespread infections in poultry. Active surveillance for AIV infection provides information regarding AIV distribution, and global AIV surveillance can play a key role in the early recognition of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Since 2003 in Korea, there have been four H5N1 HPAI outbreaks caused by clade 2.5, 2.2 and 2.3.2. Therefore, improvement of AIV surveillance strategy is required to detect HPAI viruses effectively. This article deals with the major events establishing the role of wild birds in the natural history of influenza in Korea. We highlighted the need for continuous surveillance in wild birds and characterization of these viruses to understand AIV epidemiology and host ecology in Korea.
Animals ; Birds* ; Charadriiformes ; Disease Outbreaks ; Ducks ; Ecology ; Epidemiology ; Geese ; Influenza in Birds* ; Influenza, Human ; Korea* ; Natural History ; Poultry ; Viruses*

STUDY DESIGN: A prospective radiological assessment was conducted. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the changes in the heights of the intervertebral disc and neural foramen, and the diameters and areas of the dural sac and lateral recess following anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior fixation in lumbar degenerative disease. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion distracts from the height of the intervertebral disc and neural foramen and increase the area of the spinal canal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mini-open anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior fixation was performed on 40 cases between January 1999 and March 2002. The measured factors included the height of the intervertebral disc and neural foramen, the midsagittal and lateral diameters of the dural sac, the area of the dural sac and the diameter of the lateral recess. These were measured with calipers in 1mm reconstructive computed tomography images before and 6 months after the anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The measured factors were independently taken by three different orthopaedic surgeons. RESULTS: The heights of the intervertebral disc and neural foramen were increased by means of 39.1 and 18.7% respectively. The midsagittal diameter of the dural sac was increased by a mean of 11.6% and that of the lateral dural sac decreased by a mean of 3.7%. The area of the dural sac was increased by a mean of 8.1% and the diameter of lateral recess by a mean of 26.3%. There were statistically significant increases in all the measured factors, with the exception of the lateral diameter of the dural sac. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion significantly increases the heights of the intervertebral disc and neural foramen, the midsagittal diameter of the dural sac, the area of the dural sac and the diameter of the lateral recess, but not the lateral diameter of the dural sac.
Intervertebral Disc ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Canal* ; Spine*

No abstract available.
Pregnancy*