Promoting women's health lifestyles are important due to their connection to family health. The purpose of this study was to analyse women's health lifestyles(HLP) and their effects on women's life-cycle, so in order to develop a program in a women's health care center. The subjects included were 1080 women over 18 years old living in Wonju city, and were selected by stratified and purposive sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interview. The Cronbach alpha, %, mean, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and regression in SPSS PC Win. package was used to analyze the data. The sample was sepernted into three groups premarital group 20.2%(premarital women between 18 and 40 years old), delivery and children rearing group 49.9%(marital women between 18 and 40 years old), over middle agedelderly group 29.9%(women over 41 years old). Significant difference were found in the HPL according to group. Also, relating variables, such as self-efficacy, family functions, health locus of control and gender role perception that were considered relating variables to HPL significantly differed among the tree groups. HLP significantly correlated with self-efficacy, family functions, HLOC and gender role perception in all participants and at all groups. The regression analysis of HPL was interpreted 40.6% with relating variables, self-efficacy, health attention, family functions, and internal locus of control, health perception, power other locus of control and chance locus of control in all participant. Self-efficacy, family functions, health attention were considered important variables in premarital group, self-efficacy, family functions, internal locus of control, health attention, health perception and power of control were important in delivery-rearing group. Self-efficacy, health attention, internal locus of control, family functions and health perception were important in middle aged-elderly group. As a result, we found the differences HPL scores and relating variables according to life-cycle groups. Therefore, we should prepare health promoting education programs for women according to women's life cycles. Also we suggest that women's health care centers based on communities was needed for proper management of women's health.
Adolescent ; Child ; Education ; Family Health ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Gender Identity ; Humans ; Internal-External Control ; Life Cycle Stages ; Life Style* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Women's Health

The clinical effect of etafenone on 12 cases of angina pectoris(9 males and 3 females with average age of 58.3 years) were studied and following results were obtained: 1. Anginal chest pains were improved after average 9 days (3~15 days) of medication and the dreug was very effective in 41.7%, moderately effective in 33.3% and slightly effective in 25.0% of cases. 2. The ST segment depression of E.C.G. were reduced in 50.0%, improvement of T waves inversion or enlargement of T waves were observed in 66.7% and E.C.G. improvement either ST segment or T wave observed in 75.0% of cases. 3. No side reactions such as hypotension, palpitation, dizziness, headache or gastrointestinal disturbances were seen during the treatement with etafenone.
Angina Pectoris* ; Chest Pain ; Depression ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Male

The clinical effect of etafenone on 12 cases of angina pectoris(9 males and 3 females with average age of 58.3 years) were studied and following results were obtained: 1. Anginal chest pains were improved after average 9 days (3~15 days) of medication and the dreug was very effective in 41.7%, moderately effective in 33.3% and slightly effective in 25.0% of cases. 2. The ST segment depression of E.C.G. were reduced in 50.0%, improvement of T waves inversion or enlargement of T waves were observed in 66.7% and E.C.G. improvement either ST segment or T wave observed in 75.0% of cases. 3. No side reactions such as hypotension, palpitation, dizziness, headache or gastrointestinal disturbances were seen during the treatement with etafenone.
Angina Pectoris* ; Chest Pain ; Depression ; Dizziness ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Male

No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Nephroma, Mesoblastic* ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal*

PURPOSE: We performed dynamic MR imaging using GdDTPA to find characteristic enhancement pattern of hepatic hemangioma distinguishing from hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 28 hepatic hemangiomas and 10 hepatocellular carcinomas were evaluated. Serial dynamic scans after Gd-DTPA(0.1mmol/kg) intravenous injection were obtained by using 0.5T machine and analyzed contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR) of the lesion and enhancement pattern on each scan. RESULTS: Hepatic hemangiomas had positive CNR from 1-2 minute images, and revealed typical "fill-in phenomenon" on early phase with prolonged enhancement in 26 cases(92.8%), and early homogeneous enhancement with isointensity on delayed phase in 2 cases(7.2%) of small hemangiome~ Hepatocellular carcinomas revealed inhomogeneous enhancement with hypointensity on delayed phase in 10 cases(100%) and 3 cases (30%) of capsular enhancement. CONCLUSION: Hepatic hemangioma can be easily distinguished from hepatocellular carcinoma by using Gd DTPA enhanced dynamic MR imaging according to its typical enhancement pattern of "fill-in phenomenon" and prolonged enhancement.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Hemangioma* ; Injections, Intravenous ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging*

The purpose of this article is to present the clinical and laboratory procedures for single tooth restoration using "Combination Implant Crown". It is cemented on implant abutment and that abutment is screw-retained over implant body. This type of implant restorations has the advantages of cement-retained restoration while being antirotational and retrievable. And, more esthetic and functional result can be achieved by minimizing the size of access hole. The results were as follow : 1. Preparation of abutment below the cuffline should be avoided 2. Axial reduction of implant abutment should not be excessive because it may weaken the abutment 3. More esthetical and functional occlusal surface was achieved with a minimal access hole which is slightly larger than the diameter of hex driver to enable future total retrievability. 4. Combination Implant Crown has the advantages of both the cement-retained and screw-retained type implant restoration. 5. Cementation between implant crown and abutment reduces screw loosening through even force distribution.
Cementation ; Crowns* ; Tooth*

PURPOSE: A corneal haze after LASIK retreatment in eye with previous PRK has not been reported in Korea. We experienced a case of myopic regression and haze after LASIK retreatment and treated it with fortified steroid eye solution. Herein we will present it. METHODS: A 38-year-old woman underwent the PRK for the correction of myopia in 1994 and the bilateral LASIK retreatment of myopic regression in January 2000. One year later, the left eye showed myopic regression and severe corneal haze but right eye was nearly emmetropia. PredForte(R) was dropped 4 times daily for 3 months, tapered, substituted with Flumetholon(R) for the next 3 months. We observed for 6 months. RESULTS: Three months later, refraction became nearly emmetropic and uncorrected visual acuity was 0.6. Corneal haze, central keratometric and pachymetric value were much decreased. It remained stable for 6 months.
Adult ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ* ; Korea ; Myopia ; Retreatment* ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: Thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disease in childhood. Thyroid hormone has critical effects on growth and development, especially in childhood. We survey the prevalence, sex and age distribution, symptoms and thyroid function states of thyroid diseases in childhood. METHODS: Three hundred ninety one children who were diagnosed as having thyroid disease at department of pediatrics, St. Mary's hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 1998 enrolled in this study. RESULTS: 1) The ratio between male and female patients was 1: 5.3. Age distribution was puberty, school age and infancy in their order of frequency. 2) The results of thyroid function tests showed normal function in 210 cases (53.7%), increased function in 95 cases(24.3%), and decreased function in 86 cases (22%). 3) Simple goiter, Graves disease, and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis were the most common diseases in euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and acquired hypothyroid state, respectively. 4) The most common sign and symptom was goiter in euthyroid(100%), hyperthyroid(98.8%) and acquired hypothyroid state(96.2%). Forty of 68 cases(58.8%) with congenital hypothyroidism were detected by neonatal screening. CONCLUSION: Simple goiter, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis and Graves disease were common acquired thyroid diseases in childhood, and goiter is the most common clinical manifestation in acquired thyroid disease. Recently, increasing number of congenital hypothyroidism was detected by neonatal screening test.
Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Congenital Hypothyroidism ; Endocrine System Diseases ; Female ; Goiter ; Graves Disease ; Growth and Development ; Hashimoto Disease ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neonatal Screening ; Pediatrics ; Prevalence ; Puberty ; Thyroid Diseases* ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland*

A meta-analysis of 14 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to compare the effect of size on various relaxation therapies applied to patients and health volunteer students. These studies were selected from theses, dissertations and papers that have been done between 1982 to 1993. Also They have a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The studies were evaluated in different ways; 1) types of relaxation therapy, 2) total amount of time of relaxation therapy, and 3) types of outcome variables. For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : 1. Jacobson relaxation therapy had a larger effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressures than on state anxiety. 2. For the total time of relaxation therapy, (longer than 60 minutes) had a much larger effect in decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures than in the case of a time period shorter than 60 minutes. 3. Relaxation therapy applied to surgery patients also had a larger effect in decreasing state anxiety than when applied to other patients.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Relaxation Therapy* ; Relaxation* ; Volunteers

A meta-analysis of 14 quasi-experimental studies was conducted to compare the effect of size on various relaxation therapies applied to patients and health volunteer students. These studies were selected from theses, dissertations and papers that have been done between 1982 to 1993. Also They have a randomized or nonequivalent control group in a pre test-post test design. The studies were evaluated in different ways; 1) types of relaxation therapy, 2) total amount of time of relaxation therapy, and 3) types of outcome variables. For a group of homogenious studies, the weighted mean effect size and standard error were estimated. Some findings are summarized as follows : 1. Jacobson relaxation therapy had a larger effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressures than on state anxiety. 2. For the total time of relaxation therapy, (longer than 60 minutes) had a much larger effect in decreasing systolic and diastolic blood pressures than in the case of a time period shorter than 60 minutes. 3. Relaxation therapy applied to surgery patients also had a larger effect in decreasing state anxiety than when applied to other patients.
Anxiety* ; Blood Pressure* ; Humans ; Relaxation Therapy* ; Relaxation* ; Volunteers