Objective To introduce a new classification system for femoral intertrochanteric fractures and propose classification to assist surgical management.Methods A total of 176 cases of femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated from September 2007 to October 2011 were enrolled in the study.X-ray and three-dimensional spiral CT reconstruction were performed to define fracture shape,location,number of major fragments and displaced direction.As combined with the intraoperative findings and cadaveric anatomical study,the femoral intertrochateric fractures was simulated using a three-dimensional entity of normal proximal femur produced by Mimics 11.1 program.A new classification system for femoral intertrochateric fractures was proposed.Results The new system categorized intertrochateric fractures of the femur into five types (Type Ⅰ,Type Ⅱ,Type Ⅲ,Type Ⅳ and Type Ⅴ) based on the integrity or destruction of the medial column,lateral column and posterior column set and divided on the basis of bone connection of femoral head-neck fracture fragments with the bone in intertrochanteric region.Conclusions The new classification system with introduction of three-column concept is brief and practical and has a clear definition of fracture stability.Besides,the new classification-based treatment is recommended.

Objective: The antitumor mechanism of Pleurotes sapidus on 4 kinds of tumor cell lines was studied. The active components of its ethanol extracts were studied. Methods:Using techniques of cell culture in vitro, phytochemical methods, FACS and RT-PCR, expressions of p53 and fas gene of four tumor cell lines treated with Pleurotas sapidu were analysed. Results:The apoptosis rates were remarkably increased after treated by ethanol extracts (0.1g/ml) and water extracts (0.1g/ml) for 12 h and 24 h respectively. The expression of P53 protein in the groups of ethanol and water extracts were significantly increased, and the gene expressions of p53 and fas were aslo highly up-regulated. Conclusion:The antitumor effect of Pleurotas sapidus on tumor cell lines in vitro is evident, and its mechanisms are probably associated with the regulation of apoptosis by inducing the gene expressions related to apoptosis.

BACKGROUND:Currently, the morphologic changes of the discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) remain unclear, and morphological indexes used to evaluate the injuries of DLM stil need to be explored. OBJECTIVE:To compare the MR imaging difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic DLM in adults, and to select reliablemorphologicalparametersfor assessing DLM. METHODS:A total of 36 patients (36 knees) with a symptomatic DLM (study group)and 34 patients (34 knees) with an asymptomatic DLM (control group) were included in this study. GE Healthcare Centricity RIS/PACKS System was used to measure the primary morphological parameters of two patients with DLM on coronal MR imaging. Intergroup comparison was performed with the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:On the coronal MR imaging, the width of the body portion and height of the free edge of the DLM was significantly increased in the study group compared with the control group (P< 0.001), while the height of the peripheral portion which connects with the capsule of the DLM was significantly decreased in the study group compared with the control group (P= 0.002). The heightof the middle of the DLM and the width of the lateral femoral condyle showed no significant differences between the both groups (P> 0.05). The width ratio of the body of the DLM to the lateral femoral condyle and the height ratio of height of the free edge to the middle of the DLM were significantly increased in thestudy group compared with the control group (P< 0.001), while the height ratio of the peripheral portion to the middle for the DLM was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P< 0.001). These findings suggest that compared with asymptomatic discoid lateral meniscus, the width of the body portion and the height of the free edge for the DLM are increased;however,the height of the peripheral portion which connects with the capsule of the DLM is decreased. The width ratio of the body portion of the DLM to the lateral femoral condyle and the height ratio of the free edge to the middle for the DLM may be reliable morphological parameters for the assessment of the DLM in adults.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of close reduction and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis in treating proximal humerus fractures in the aged.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2013,39 patients with proximal humerus fractures were treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO group, 21 cases) and open reduction internal fixation (ORIF group, 18 cases). Including 17 males and 22 females in the study, and aged from 67 to 88 years old with an average of (71.8 ± 5.2) years old. In MIPPO group, there were 11 males and 10 females with an average age of (70.0 ± 5.3) years old;and in ORIF group, there were 10 males and 8 females with an average age of (72.0 ± 4.2) years old. Operation time, blood loss during operation, fracture healing time and postoperative complications were recorded. The functions of the shoulder joints were assessed according to Constant-Murley score at final follow-up.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up from 11 to 27 months with an average of 18.1 months. The mean blood loss of the MIPPO group was (176.0 ± 57.4) ml,while the ORIF group was (356.0 ± 66.9) ml (t = 7.22,P = 0.01). The operation time of the MIPPO group was (47.4 ± 14.9) min, while the ORIF group was (92.7 ± 15.8) min (t = 0.79, P = 0.03). Fracture healing time in the MIPPO group and ORIF group was (17.6 ± 5.8), ( 21.7 ± 4.9) weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). The mean Constant-Murley score at final follow-up was 89.7 ± 14.5 in MIPPO group, and 81.8 ± 13.2 in ORIF group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMIPPO has advantages of little trauma, less blood loss, rapid recovery, less vascular damage and so on and can effectively treat the proximal humerus fracture in the aged.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Plates ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Shoulder Fractures ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo demonstrate the expression of proteolysis induce factor(PIF) in the gastrointestinal(GI) cancer cachexia patients and evaluate its role in cancer cachexia.

METHODSExamination of PIF was performed in urine samples from 28 GI cancer cachexia patients, 13 GI cancer patients without cachexia, and 12 weight loss patients with benign disease. PIF was added to the mice cultured C2C12 muscle cells, then the protein kinase B(Akt) phosphorylation and morphological change were measured.

RESULTSThe positive rate of PIF in urine of 28 cancer cachexia patients was 53.6%(15/28). In the other two groups, no positive result was detected. PIF could successfully induce Akt phosphorylation, cell atrophy, metamorphosis, and death. The peak of this phosphorylation could be detected after half an hour of the initiation of PIF at a concentration of 4 nmol/L.

CONCLUSIONSPIF is specifically and highly expressed in GI cancer cachexia patients' urine. PIF can induce cancer cachexia possibly by activating Akt phosphorylation and inducing downstream proteolysis.

Animals ; Cachexia ; etiology ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Mice ; Proteoglycans ; Proteolysis

Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Nose Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective The brain volume and behavioral performance of emotional memory were measured by combining voxel-hased morphometry (VBM) and behavior to explore the morphological characters of brain regions related to the emotional enhancement effect of memory.Methods A total of 32 healthy young subjects participated in the study.The experimental processes included MR scan and behavioral performance of emotional memory the latter of which involved two phases-encoding and retrieval.Behavioral performance was recorded and the whole-brain 3D MRI data were acquired via 3.0T MR.3D MRI data were segmented by VBM5,and the wholebrain volumes of gray matter,white matter and CSF were produced.SPM5 and SPSS13.0 were used for statistical analysis of the 3D MRI data and behavioral data,respectively.Results Retrieval accuracy of the emotional pictures was higher than that of the neutral pictures ( t =5.08,P＜0.001 ),the emotional enhancement effect was significant ( Δ Pr =0.12 ± 0.01 ).Brain regions related to emotional enhancement effect included bilateral amygdala,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,middle frontal gyrus,dorsomedial prefrontal cortex,fusiform gyms,right parahippocampus,left orbitofrontal cortex and middle cingulate gyms.Volume ratio of bilateral amygdala were related to emotion enhancement effect evidently (left:r=0.564,P＜0.01 ; right:r=0.541,P＜0.01 ).Conclusion This study morphologically confirms that brain regions,such as amygdale and prefrontal cortex,are critical structures for the enhancement of emotional memory,and further extends the findings of previous functional imaging studies.

Objective To investigate the potential benefits of hepatic resection for patients with hepatic metastasis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.Methods A search in Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline,Embase,CBM,Wanfang Databases for identifying randomized trails.Criteria for inclusion were established based on validity criteria by Cochrane Methods Group on screening and diagnostic tests,and correlated indexes of 10 articles including 1 567 patients were extracted for Meta-analysis.Results Compared with non-surgical treatment group,the 3-year survival rate (OR:0.07,95 ％ CI:0.02,0.22 ; Pheterogeneity =0.93,P ＜ 0.00001),the 5-year survival rate (OR:0.19,95 ％ CI:0.15,0.24 ; Pheterogeneity ＝ 0.11,＜ 0.00001) were significantly increased in the surgical group.Conclusions Surgical resection is the preferred treatment of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with liver metastasis.Surgery is safe and effective,furthermore it takes the advantages of significantly extend the surgical live time.

Objective To explore the feasibility of culturing dermal papillae cells (DPC) of hu- man hair in a serum-flee medium,and to observe the growth characteristics of these cells.Methods Cell culture flasks (plates) were pretreated with fibronectin,and DPC (2nd passage) were incubated with Williams E serum-flee medium supplemented with insulin-transferrin-selenite (ITS).Cells were observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope.Proliferation of DPC was evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethylthia- zol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and by their growth curve.Results In a serum-free medium,2nd passage DPC adhered to the flask surface within two to four hours of incubation; two to three days later,confluence,of the cells was observed,without noticeable proliferation.Four days later,cell connection was interrupted,isolated cells or cell clusters were seen,and detachment of some cells from the flask surface was observed.One to two weeks later,most cells had died.After incubation with 4% bovine serum for ten hours,cell proliferation was observed surrounding the remaining viable cell colonies. DPC growth curve showed stagnant phase and slow growth phase;however,log growth phase was not ob- served.Conclusion DPC could be successfully cultured in serum-free medium.However,the culture con- dition needs to be further optimized.

Objective To provide the promoting effect of extract of leave Ginkgo biloba(EGb_(50))on nerve regeneration and the dose-effect relationship.Methods Sciatic nerve injury model was set up in 96 male Spraque-Daweiy rats and then randomly divided into four groups:normal saline (NS) group,the low dose EGb_(50) group (50mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)),the moderate dose EGb_(50) group (100 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)) ,the high dose EGb_(50) group (200 mg?kg~(-1)?d~(-1)).Electrophysiological,histological examinations and functional eval- uation were used to assess nerve regeneration and the functional recovery in 2,4,6,8 weeks of operative inter- vals respectively.Results The recovery rate of sciatic functional index(SFI),tetanic tension,motor nerve conduction velocity,muscle cell cross-section area of triceps surae and the passing rate of myelinated nerve were significantly higher in EGb_(50) group in all the time point than in control(P＜0.01).Except the recovery rate of sciatic functional index (SFI),there was significant difference between high dose group and moderate, low dose group.(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Conclusion EGb_(50) has the effect of promoting regeneration of in- juried peripheral nerve and the high dose can get the best result.