Adult ; Altitude ; Female ; Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Health ; Railroads ; Tibet

With the reform of means and methods of teaching,experimental teaching and the establishment of training bases of environmental hygiene,a survey of teaching effects and demands among the students of preventive medicine was conducted through questionnaire,in order to explore the appropriate way for environmental education.

Objective Through the investigations of university students’and middle school students’ grasping situation of wetland elementary knowledge and their attitude toward wetland protection,the situation in propaganda and education of wetland protection and the congnition of wetland function,to identify some problems and to adopt the corresponding measures. Methods Using the stratified cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 480 students of two urban and rural middle school and two universities. Results There were significant differences on the farmiliar degree to basic concepts of wetland protection,the methods of acquiring wetland knowledge and the understanding of wetland function among the urban and rural middle school students, arts and science university students. Conclusions The study subjects have many shortages in the consciousness and knowledge of wetland protection, and the special propaganda and education of the wetland protection should be carried out.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of students from a medical university and to analyze the risk factors of sleep disorders. Methods Students from a medical university were selected with cluster sampling method. A total of 886 students were included in this study: there were 55 Major A students, 80 Major B students, 97 Major C students, 577 Major D students, and 77 Major E students. The students were investigated by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and sel-designed physical state questionnaire. Results (1)The number of effective questionnaire was 843 and sleep disorders were found in 284 students, with an incidence of 33. 7% and a PSQI score of 5. 48 + 0. 12. The incidences of sleep orders and PSQI scores were 43. 4% (23/53) and 6. 23 + 0. 48 for Major A, 32. 9% (23/70) and 4. 93 + 0. 44 for Major B, 40. 4% (36/89) and 5. 75 + 0. 34 for Major C, 32. 4% (183/564) and 5. 47 + 0. 14 for Major D and 28. 4% (19/67) and 5. 18 + 0. 40 for Major E, with no significant difference found for different majors (P>0. 05). (2)The factors leading to somnipathy included emotional stress, ambient noise, somatic pain, school learning, seldom late-night snack and occasional late-night snack (OR=0. 577, 0. 611, 0. 265, 0. 260, 0. 547, and 0. 507, respectively). Conclusion The students in the involved medical university have a low sleep quality which may affect their physical state during day time. Active measures should be taken to improve students sleep quality so as to insure their study.

ObjectiveTo study the cardioprotective effects of ischemic post-conditioning on elderly patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEM1).MethodsConsecutive 215 patients with STEMI undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) were randomly assignedto receive ischemicpost-conditioningorconventional PCItreatment.The ischemic postconditioning (n=38) were conducted by 3 episodes of 30-second occlusion followed by 30-second reperfusion, while the control group (n= 46) was without any intervention after PCI.Reperfusion arrhythmias, corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG)were compared between the two groups, respectively.Results The incidence of reperfusion arrythmias was less frequent in ischemic postconditioning group (21.1％ ,8/38) than in control group (45.7％ ,21/46) after PCI (x2 = 5.571, P＜0.05). The TIMI grade 3 flow was similar between two groups [(94.7％(36/38) vs. 82.6％( 38/46), x2= 2.919, P＞0.05], the cTFC levels (23.6±3.7vs. 26.1 ±5.9) and TMPG 3 perfusion [ 89.5％ (34/38) vs.69.6％ (32/46)] were significantly different (t= 5.434, P＜0.05; x2 = 4.899, P＜0.05, respectively) between two groups.ConclusionsIschemic postconditioning may reduce myocardial reperfusion injury in elderly patients with STEMI undergoing emergent PCI.

Objective To elucidate functional alterations of glomerular mesangial cell (GMC) contraction and its relationship with diabetic glomerular hyperfiltration. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided into groups of normal control and 2 weeks diabetes induced by STZ. GMC were cultured in the presence of normal glucose (5mM). Meanwhile in comparison GMC obstained from normal rats were cultured in the presence of 30 mM glucose for 48 h in vitro. By using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) , we measured basal calcium concentration, the changes of calcium level in response to vasoconstrictor agonist angiotensin H (Ang I ),and the effect of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor PMAC10 M,24 h)on cytosol calcium of GMCs. Results The creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) was increased with age in diabetic rats, reaching a peak at 2 weeks (P

Objective:To explore the influence of ischemia/reperfusion (anoxia/reoxygenation)[FK(W16*2。142mmZQ1mm]on immunofunction of endothelial cells(ECs) and effect of intervention with 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine on it.Methods:Model of ECs induced by anoxia/reoxygenation was established to mimic ECs ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo with human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304.Then 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyraxine was used to intervene the anoxia/reoxygenation process.Nuclear transcriptional factor-?B(NF-?B) was exhibited by fluorescent staining,HLA-ABC,HLA-DR,CD86 and CD54 were detected by flow cytometry.Mixed endothelial cell-lymphocyte reaction(MELR) was conducted to examine the proliferation of lymphocyte,production of IL-2 and percentage of apoptotic lymphocyte.Results:Anoxia/reoxygenation made the ECV304 cell became round,shrunk and abscised,with increased plasma NF-?B,and changed from positive cytoplasm to positive nucleus.HLA-ABC,HLA-DR and CD86 on surface of cells increased but CD54 showed unchanged.MELR showed the incorporation of ~3H-TdR and production of IL-2 increased significantly and the percentage of apoptotic lymphocyte decreased.After 2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine intervention,the ECV304 cell shapes recovered,NF-?B expression didn’t down-regulated,but the percentage of positive cells decreased,changes to positve dominant.Besides,reversal changes were shown in other parameters.Conclusion:Anoxia/reoxygenation influences some important immune related molecules in ECV304 cells.2-hydroxymethyl-3,5,6-trimethylpyrazine could antagonize these influences to maintain the immune function of endothelial cells in a relative normal manner.

Objective To study the changes of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PC-PLD) enzyme activity of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in high glucose and the effect of PLD on cytoskeleton. Methods Rats GMCs were cultured in high glucose(30 mmol/L) for 48 hours. PLD enzyme activity was measured by enzyme coupled colorimetry. PKC activity was measured by substrate phosphorylation, and fluorescence intensity of F-actin was observed by FITC-labeled antibody and laser scan cofocal microscopy (LSCM) . Results In high glucose, PLD and PKC activities were obviously elevated, but fluorescence intensity of F-actin was decreased and its cytoskeletal pattern was disassembly. After treatment with inhibtor of PLD, PKC activity was significantly decreased, and intensity and organization of F-actin were recovered. Conclusion Elevation of PLD activity induced by high glucose may influence the cytoskeleton and contraction of CMC through PKC pathway.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to find out the impact of micro-ecological environment on the incidence of allergic rhinitis after developing a model of allergic rhinitis on mice. METHOD: Sixty mice were randomly divided into GF group (n=30) and SPF group (n=30). Mice of GF group were fed in the germ-free environment and mice of SPF group were fed in the specific pathogen-free environment. Then each group were randomly divided into model group (20 mice) and control group (10 mice). Establish allergic rhinitis model in the mice of model group using ovalbumin (OVA) at the age of 6 weeks, observe and score the corresponding symptoms and signs that could been induced. Stain with hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining method for nasal mucosa to observe the morphological changes. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect the concentration of IgE, IFN-γ and IL-4 in the peripheral blood serum. RESULT: The chi square test showed that the incidence of allergic rhinithis in the mice of GF group was significantly higher than that in the SPF group (P< 0. 05). HE staining showed that the nasal mucosas of allergic rhinitis positive reaction mice were highly congestive and edematous and had a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, while there was no abnormal morphology of nasal mucosas in mice with no allergic rhinitis reaction. EOS counting displayed that the number of eosinophilic cells in nasal mucosa of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was increased significantly. The concentration of IgE and IL-4 in the serum of positive allergic rhinitis reaction mice was highly increased (P <0. 05), and IFN-γ was significantly decreased (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION The difference of micro-ecological environment may play a key role in the occurrence of allergic rhinitis in mice.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environment ; Incidence ; Interleukin-4 ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nasal Mucosa ; Ovalbumin ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; etiology

To investigate the morphogenetic process of human adenovirus type 41 (HAdV-41), 293TE cells were infected with purified wild-type HAdV-41, and ultrathin sections of infected cells were prepared and observed under a transmission electron microscope. Results showed that HAdV-41 entered host cells mainly through three ways: non-clathrin-coated pit, clathrin-coated pit, and direct penetration of plasma membrane. In addition, cell microvilli might help HAdV-41 enter cells. After entering into cells, HAdV-41 virus particles could be found in vacuoles or lysosomes or be in a free state in cytoplasm. Only free virus particles could be found near nuclear pores (NP), suggesting that the virus needed to escape from lysosomes for effective infection and viral nucleoprotein entered the nucleus through NP. Progeny viruses were as-sembled in the nucleus. Three types of inclusion bodies, which were termed as fibrillous inclusion body, condense inclusion body, and stripped condense inclusion body, were involved in HAdV-41 morphogenesis. In the late phase of viral replication, the membrane integrity of the infected cells was lost and viral particles were released extracellularly. This study reveals the partial process of HAdV-41 morphogenesis and provides more biological information on HAdV-41.
Adenovirus Infections, Human ; virology ; Adenoviruses, Human ; genetics ; growth & development ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Cell Membrane ; virology ; Cell Nucleus ; virology ; Humans ; Virus Release ; Virus Replication