Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance status and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritidis) in Shanxi Province in order to provide references for the treatment of Salmonella infection and for tracing the source of outbreaks of foodborne diseases. Methods: Sixty-four S. enteritidis strains were collected by monitoring sites for foodborne diseases from April 2015 to March 2018. Biochemical identification system and serotyping analysis were used for bacterial identification. Drug susceptibility patterns were analyzed with micro-broth dilution method. PFGE was used for molecular typing. Results: The antimicrobial resistance rate of 64 S. enteritidis strains to nalidixic acid (95.31%) was the highest, followed by that to ampicillin (90.63%) and to ampicillin/sulbactam (81.25%). They had lower resistance rates to cefazolin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ceftazidime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxzole and ciprofloxacin (3.13%-23.44%) and were all sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, azithromycin, imipenem and gentamicin. No statistically significant difference in drug resistance rates was found between the sporadic strains and the outbreak strains (P>0.05). All 64 S. enteritidis strains digested with XbaⅠwere divided into 33 molecular patterns by PFGE. The numbers of bacteria contained in each pattern ranged from 1 to 10 strains. The similarity among patterns was between 54.6% and 100%. Conclusion More attention should be paid to the drug resistance status of S. enteritidis in Shanxi Province. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized administration of antibiotics. The PFGE patterns of S. enteritidis reveal the presence of significant genetic polymorphism. PFGE is of great significance in analyzing the genetic relationship among S. enteritidis strains and in identifying and tracing the source of outbreaks of foodborne diseases.

The aim of this study was to determine the adaptation of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) to simulated weightlessness. The level of immunoreactive plasma ANP level and the expression of right atrial ANP mRNA were assessed in male Sparague-Dawley rats during 2 weeks of head-down suspension(HDS) The rats were placed in a -45 degrees anti-orthostatic position. The plasma ANP level was investigated by radioimmunoassay and ANP mRNA was expressed by Northern blot analysis. The changes in daily water intake, body weight and arterial hematocrit did not show the statistical significances during HDS. The plasma ANP level slightly increased after 1 day of HDS, the response was transient and then decreased below the control levels. The expression of the ANP mRNA increased after 1 day, the peak value occurred at 3 days of HDS and thereafter ANP mRNA showed the similar patterns compared to the changes of plasma level. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that the initial adaptation of ANP to increased control blood volume in rats occurs between 3 and 7 days of HDS, and the ANP acts an important role during regulatory process to central hypervolemia at both synthetic and secretory levels within the early stage of HDS.
Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; Blood Volume ; Blotting, Northern ; Body Weight ; Drinking ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Male ; Plasma ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Weightlessness

Human gut microbial community is playing a critical role in human health and associated with different human disease. In parallel, probiotics, antibiotics, and antipyretic analgesics (AAs) were developed to improve human health or cure human diseases. We therefore examined how probiotics, antibiotics, and AAs influence to the gut microbiota. Three independent case/control studies were designed from the cross-sectional cohort data of 1,463 healthy Koreans. The composition of the gut microbiota in each case and control group was determined via 16S ribosomal RNA Illumina next-generation sequencing. The correlation between microbial taxa and the consumption of each drug was tested using zero-inflated Gaussian mixture models, with covariate adjustment of age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Probiotics, antibiotics, and AAs consumption yielded the significant differences in the gut microbiota, represented the lower abundance of Megasphaera in probiotics, the higher abundance of Fusobacteria in antibiotics, and the higher abundance of Butyrivibrio and Verrucomicrobia in AAs, compared to each control group. The reduction of Erysipelotrichaceae family was common in three drugs consumption.
Analgesics* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Body Mass Index ; Butyrivibrio ; Cohort Studies ; Fusobacteria ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome* ; Humans ; Megasphaera ; Probiotics* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Verrucomicrobia

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PURPOSE: To determine referring physicians 'general attitudes, preferred reporting types, and opinions on radiologic reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey questionnaire was distributed to the 315 staff and residents of four university hospitals with 400 to 800 beds, and a total of 228 physicians responded. The questionnaire aimed to determine of the general attitude of referring physicians to radiologic reports, the type of report they preferred, and other opinions and suggestions. The responses elicited, as well as discrepancies among residents, staff, internist, and surgeons, were analyzed. RESULTS: Most referring physicians replied that they read an entire report regardless of its length, and the second majority read the conclusion first and then the remainder of the report only if clarification was required. With regard to report length, physicians answered that reports describing the findings of conventional radiography were often too short, while those dealing with MRI were verbose. The majority experienced occasional confusion when reading a report, the major cause being grammatical errors and incomprehensible sentence structure. When confused, most physicians consulted the radiologist; staff showed a greater inclination than residents to pursue this option. Most physicians preferred brief phrases or telegraphic-style sentences to a style which stressed completeness and detail, a preference which was statistically higher among residents than staff. Whereas physicians favored a brief radiologic report in cases of normal radiologic findings, conventional radiologic studies or no clinical findings, they wished to see a more detailed report in cases of abnormal radiologic findings, specific radiologic studies (special radiographs, US, CT, or MRI), or positive clinical findings. This need for more detail was expressed more frequently by internists than by surgeons. CONCLUSION: If implemented, the results of this study can be expected to enhance the quality and comprehensibility of radiologic reports, and may also lead to more efficient communication between radiologists and physicians.
Hospitals, University ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radiography

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has potential as a noninvasive neuromodulation treatment method for various neuropsychiatric disorders, and repeated sessions of rTMS are more likely to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. This study investigated neurophysiologic and spatiodynamic changes induced by repeated 1-Hz rTMS of the temporal cortex using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) indices and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). METHODS: Twenty-seven healthy subjects underwent daily 1-Hz active or sham rTMS of the right temporal cortex for 5 consecutive days. TMS indices of motor cortical excitability were measured in both hemispheres daily before and after each rTMS session, and 2 weeks after the last stimulation. FDG-PET was performed at baseline and after the 5 days of rTMS sessions. RESULTS: All subjects tolerated all of the sessions well, with only three of them (11.1%) reporting mild transient side effects (i.e., headache, tinnitus, or local irritation). One-Hz rTMS decreased motor evoked potential amplitudes and delayed cortical silent periods in the stimulated hemisphere. Statistical parametric mapping of FDG-PET data revealed a focal reduction of glucose metabolism in the stimulated temporal area and an increase in the bilateral precentral, ipsilateral superior and middle frontal, prefrontal and cingulate gyri. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated rTMS sessions for 5 consecutive days were tolerated in all subjects, with only occasional minor side effects. Focal 1-Hz rTMS of the temporal cortex induces cortico-cortical modulation with widespread functional changes in brain neural networks via long-range neural connections.
Brain ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Glucose ; Headache ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Salicylamides ; Tinnitus ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level on day 3 of embryo culture with embryo development.

METHODSSpent culture media were collected from individually cultured embryos on day 3 of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycles. HCG concentration in the culture media was measured using an ELISA kit and its association with embryo development was assessed.

RESULTSIn the 163 samples of embryo culture media from 60 patients, HCG was positive in 153 sample (93.8%) with a mean level of 0.85 ± 0.43 mIU/ml. The concentration of hCG in the culture media increased gradually as the number of blastomeres increased (F=2.273, P=0.03), and decreased as the morphological grade of the embryo was lowered (F=3.900, P=0.02).

CONCLUSIONELISA is capable of detecting HCG levels in spent culture media of embryos on day 3 of in vitro culture. The concentration of HCG in spent culture media is positively correlated with the status of early embryo development and implantation rate and thus serves as a useful marker for embryo selection in IVF-ET procedure.

Biomarkers ; chemistry ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; chemistry ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Embryo Transfer ; Embryonic Development ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans

Five patients with synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint were treated in our hospital between August, 2011 and August, 2014. All the patients underwent preoperative imaging examinations for clinical diagnosis and determining the involvement of the lesions. Surgeries were performed and the lesions were confirmed as synovial chondromatosis by pathological diagnosis. The clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnosis and treatment results were analyzed. All the 5 patients had pain in the joint region, 3 had limited mouth opening, and 3 had swelling in the joint region. X-ray film showed widening of the joint space in all the 5 cases and radiographic findings showed space-occupying lesions in the intra-articular space. Open joint surgeries was performed and completed successfully in all the cases. The postoperative imaging showed no residual lesions in the surgical area. As a rare clinical entity, synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint was poorly documented without specific clinical manifestations. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis relies on imaging, arthroscopic and pathological findings. Corpus liberum is an important feature of the disease occurring frequently in the joint cavity. Surgical intervention is the primary choice for treatment of synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joint, in which the corpus liberum and the affected synovial membrane shall be removed after joint incision.

Background: Both intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be associated with cardiometabolic health. We evaluated whether the accumulation of computed tomography (CT)-measured IAF over 5 years was related to baseline HDL-C concentration in a prospective cohort study. Methods: All participants were Japanese-Americans between the ages of 34 and 74 years. Plasma HDL-C concentration and CT measurements of IAF, abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up visits. Results: A total of 397 subjects without diabetes were included. The mean±standard deviation HDL-C concentration was 51.6±13.0 mg/dL in men and 66.0±17.0 mg/dL in women, and the IAF was 91.9±48.4 cm2 in men and 63.1±39.5 cm2 in women. The baseline plasma concentration of HDL-C was inversely associated with the change in IAF over 5 years using multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of body mass index, IAF, abdominal SCF, abdominal circumference, thigh SCF, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Conclusion These results demonstrate that HDL-C concentration significantly predicts future accumulation of IAF over 5 years independent of age, sex, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in Japanese-American men and women without diabetes.

Background: Both intra-abdominal fat (IAF) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are known to be associated with cardiometabolic health. We evaluated whether the accumulation of computed tomography (CT)-measured IAF over 5 years was related to baseline HDL-C concentration in a prospective cohort study. Methods: All participants were Japanese-Americans between the ages of 34 and 74 years. Plasma HDL-C concentration and CT measurements of IAF, abdominal subcutaneous fat (SCF), and thigh SCF cross-sectional areas were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up visits. Results: A total of 397 subjects without diabetes were included. The mean±standard deviation HDL-C concentration was 51.6±13.0 mg/dL in men and 66.0±17.0 mg/dL in women, and the IAF was 91.9±48.4 cm2 in men and 63.1±39.5 cm2 in women. The baseline plasma concentration of HDL-C was inversely associated with the change in IAF over 5 years using multivariable regression analysis with adjustment for age, sex, family history of diabetes, weight change over 5 years, and baseline measurements of body mass index, IAF, abdominal SCF, abdominal circumference, thigh SCF, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance. Conclusion These results demonstrate that HDL-C concentration significantly predicts future accumulation of IAF over 5 years independent of age, sex, insulin sensitivity, and body composition in Japanese-American men and women without diabetes.