No abstract available.
Risk Assessment*

No abstract available.
Apoptosis* ; Hyperplasia*

The Purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Craniosacral therapy(CST) on the chronic headache patients, and the research was used the one-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 31 chronic headache patients, who received Craniosacral therapy by once per week for 6 weeks. The data were collected from July 1, 2003 to August 28, 2003. In order toevaluate the effects of craniosacral therapy, Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) for headach intensity, blood pressure, pulse rate, respiration rate, craniosacral rhythm rate, depression and stress perception were measured before and after treatment. The results are as follows : 1) The mean score of intensity of headache (VAS) significantly decreased after each session of Craniosacral therapy(F=86.14, p<.001). 2) The mean score of systolic blood pressure significantly decreased after each session of craniosacral therapy(F=6.99, p<.001), and the mean score of diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased after 3rd session of Craniosacral therapy(t=5.710, p<.001). The means of pulse(F=6.19, p<.001), respiration(F=7.93, p<.001) and craniosacral impulse rate(F=22.84, p<.001) significantly decreased after each session of Craniosacral therapy. 3) The means score of depression significantly decreased after Craniosacral therapy(t=6.627, p<.001) and stress also significantly decreased after Craniosacral therapy(t=5.987, p<.001). Therefore, these results of this study suggest that Craniosacral therapy could be an effective nursing intervention to reduce the intensity of headache.
Blood Pressure ; Depression ; Headache ; Headache Disorders* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Nursing ; Respiratory Rate

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

A clinical observation in 8 cases of multiple laminectomies under the age of 16 years who had been followed for more than 3 years was carried out to analyze deformities and its results of treatment, and the following results were obtained. 1. Spinal deformities were developed in 5 cases-4 kyphosis and 1 lordosis. 2. The kyphosis was developed in 1 case at cervical spine, 1 at thoracic, 1 at thoracolumbar junction and 1 at lumbar, and the lordosis was developed in 1 case at lumbar spine. 3. Anterior interbody fusion was carried out on two cases of kyphosis who had severe pain and neurological symptoms and posterolateral spinal fusion was carried out on one case of lumbar lordosis, with satisfactory results in all cases. 4. Since the incidence of spinal deformities following multiple laminectomies in children is high, laminectomy should be performed only when it is definitely indicated, and when it is done, damage to the posterior complex should be minimized. 5. For the prevention and treatment of the spinal deformities, brace or close observation should be necessary postoperatively, and spinal fusion should be performed in increasing or severe deformities.
Animals ; Braces ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphosis ; Laminectomy ; Lordosis ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine

The germ cells first appear from the primitive streak, the splanchnopleure and the allantoic membrane of the embry and they migrate toward the gonadal ridge. It can happen, however, that some of these germ cells may not migrate to the gonadal ridge and may remain at ectopic sites such as the mediastium, the central nervous system, the sacrococcygeal region and the retroperitoneum. Therefore, germ cell tumors can arise from these ectopic sites and according to their totipotentiality of differentiating into embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, such as chorionic tissues and yolk sac, they can develop into various tumors. Generally, the sites in which these tumors are frequently found are the gonads, the sacrococcygeal region, the mediastinum, the retroperitoneum and the intracranial region. The aim of this study was to organize and report the data found on these tumors in the records of 412 patients whose tumor specimens were examined in the Department of Pathology of the Yonsei University, college of Medicine within the 10 year period, 1976~1985. The findings are as follows: 1) In total 412 cases, the ratio of benign to malignant tumors was 5.8:1. 2) Germ cell tumors occur commonly in the ovary (326 cases: 78.6%). It's incidence was followed by the descending order, in the mediastinum (26 cases: 6.3%), testis (23 cases: 5.6%), central nervous system (15 cases: 3.6%), sacrococcygeal region (11 cases: 2.7%) and retroperitoneal space (7 cases: 1.7%). Also, 2 were found in the intraorbital region and 1 each in the pericardium and the kidney. 3) In extragonadal sites, female were much more common and the sex ratio (M:F) showed 1:10 in sacrococcygeal region. 1:2.5 in retroperitoneum and 1:2.3 in mediastinum. 4) Mature teratoma was found most commonly (85.4%). It's incidence was followed by in descending order, seminoma (including dysgerminoma and germinoma) (6.8%), embryonal carcinoma (2.9%), endodermal sinus tumor (2.0%), immature teratoma (1.7%) and mixed forms (1.2%). 5) Benign teratoma takes up mostly at ovary, retroperitoneal space, sacrococcygeal region and mediastinum by 93.3%, 100.0%, 81.8%, 80.9%, respectively. But in testis and intracranial region, malignancy were more common. 6) Embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor occured at similar aged group and each was distributed 41.7% and 62.5% respectively at first decade. 87.5% of dysgerminoma occured at 11~30 aged group, 91.7% of germinoma at 11~20 aged group, 67% mature teratoma at 20~40 aged group, 75% of seminoma at 31~50 aged group, so age distribution showed embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor, dysgerminoma/germinoma, mature teratoma and seminoma, in increasing order. 7) In 352 cases of mature teratoma, 347 cases (98.6%) were cystic type and 5 cases (1.4%) were solid type. In 7 cases of immature teratoma, 5 cases (71.4%) were solid and 2 cases (28.6%) were cystic. 8) The incidence of bilaterality were 10.2% in mature teratoma, 12.5% in dysgerminoma and 16.7% in seminoma. 9) When the corredation of the tumor markers, alphafetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin, with malignancy was checked in 12 out of 28 cases of tumor of the testis. Either alpha fetoprotein of human chorionic gonadotropin was found to be elevated in 3 cases (75%) in which metastasis was already present at the time of diagnosis, where in 8 cases in which neither marker was elevated, metastasis was found to be present in only 1 (12.8%).
Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Tumor Markers, Biological

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of a simulated disability program on attitude and stereotyping by nursing students toward people with disabilities. METHODS: A total of 107 undergraduate nursing students attended and completed pre-and post-questionnaires on attitude and stereotyping. The experimental group participated in a simulation exercise program which was composed of wheel-chair mobility and vision modification in Nam-won Rehabilitation Center. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program including frequency, percentage, chi-square test and t-test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in attitude toward people with disabilities between the two groups (t=-.743, p=.459). But there was a significant difference in stereotyping between the experimental and the control group(t=-4.097, p=.000). CONCLUSION: As the result of this study, we can conclude that the program was effective to improve stereotyping toward people with disabilities.
Disabled Persons* ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Program Evaluation ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Stereotyping* ; Students, Nursing*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Quality of Life*

Changes of blood pressure, heart rate, ECG, respiration rate and pupil size by intracerebroventricular(ICV) infusion of hypertonic NaCl with 0.04 ml/min for 5 min(total 0.2ml) were observed in urethane-anesthetized rabbits. ICV infusion of 0.75M NaCl produced slight pressor effect (11mmHg) and did not affect other parameters. ICV infusion of 1.5M NaCl began to increase blood pressure from 2~3 min after the infusion and produced maximal increase(24mmHg) at 5~10 min. Then the pressor effect was recovered to the original level at 30~60 min. Change of heart rate by the infusion was not clear, but ST-segment of ECG was markedly depressed. Respiration rate increased about 1.5 times than the control in accordance with the pressor effect and the state was continued even after the recover of the pressor effect. Both pupils dilated markedly and light-reflex was lost. Changes of parameters by ICV infusion of 3.0M NaCl were similar to those by 1.5M NaCl and some rabbits caused severe arrhythmias and died. The purpose of present study is to investigate the mechansim(s) of the pressor effect induced by the ICV infusion of 1.5M NaCl. The pressor effect of 1.5M NaCl was attenuated by the continuous infusion of vasopressin antagonist(20microm/kg/min) but not affected by intravenous treatment with 2mg/kg phentolamine, 2mg/kg propranolol and 1mg/kg chlorisondamine. The pressor effect was not altered with ICV 0.12mg/kg phenoxybenzamine, 0.4mg diltiazem, 0.1mg/kg mecamylamine and 0.2mg/kg atropine. After ICV infusion of 25microg/kg/min of diazepam, however, the pressor effect was completely abolished and restored 3~4 hours after stopping diazepam infusion. The pressor effect was rather potentiated than inhibited in bilateral adrenalectomized or nephrectomized rabbits. Infusion of 2microg/kg/min of saralasin for 10 min in the bliateral adrenalectomized rabbit did not affect the pressor effect at all. These results suggest that hypertensive effect induced by ICV infusion of hypertonic NaCl is mediated by the increase of vasopressin secretion.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Atropine ; Blood Pressure ; Chlorisondamine ; Diazepam ; Diltiazem ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Infusions, Intraventricular* ; Mecamylamine ; Phenoxybenzamine ; Phentolamine ; Propranolol ; Pupil ; Rabbits* ; Respiratory Rate ; Saralasin ; Vasopressins