OBJECTIVE: To establish a RP-HPLC method for the determination of the content of Emodin in Fugan oral liquid.METHODS: The sample was separated on Zorbax SB-C18 column(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution(85∶15) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 430 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃.RESULTS: The calibration curve was linear at a range of 0.075 2 mg～0.376 0 mg(r=0.999 96) for the Emodin.The average recovery was 99.77% and the related standard deviation(RSD) was 1.03%(n=6).CONCLUSION: This method was proved to be simple,quick and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of Fugan oral liquid.

Objective To evaluate the intraluminal manometry of the colon and X ray examination of colon transport in the diagnosis of slow transport constipation (STC).[WT5”HZ] Methods [WT5”BZ] 46 patients and 25 healthy controls underwent X ray examination of colon transport function, and colonic intraluminal manometry. 29 patients received colectomy including total in 15, partial in 12, and ileo sigmoidocolostomy in 2. [WT5”HZ] Results [WT5”BZ] It was found that the marker of transport function test within the colon was held for much longer time than normal controls and the colonic intraluminal pressure was much lower in patients than in controls.[WT5”HZ]Conclusion [WT5”BZ] Intraluminal manometry of the colon and X ray examination of colonic transport function test help in establishing the diagnosis of STC. Total or partial colectomy effected a cure for STC.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of the PPH in the treatment of severe prolapsed hemorrhoids.Method Forty cases with severe prolapsed hemorrhoids underwent improved PPH with homemade stapler.Results The operating period of time was 10～20min and the mean hospitalization period of time was 4 days.All the 40 cases were cured,of whom bleeding in 2 cases,postoperative malaise at the lower abdomen in lO cases,urinary retention in 11 cases,slight pain in 20 cases.After following-up for 3～15 months,there were no such complication as prolapse again,and no anal stricture,fecal incontinence,etc happened.Conclusion The improved PPH is a safe and effective new method in the treatment of severe prolapsed hemorrhoids.

5-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (ADT-OH) is a slowly releasing H2S donor with some neuroprotective effect.In order to study the structure-activity relationships,seventeen compounds (Y1-Y17) were synthesized by modification of ADT-OH at the aromatic ring position,and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-MS.Among them,6 compounds (Y4,Y13-Y17) were novel compounds.Their effects had been evaluated on HT-22 hippocampal neuron cells damaged by glutamate with MTF method.The pharmacological results demonstrated that all the Y compounds had potent neuroprotection at most of the tested concentrations (1-100 μmol/L).Compounds Y1-Y9 and Y11 significantly improved the survival rates of the damaged cells at 1-100 μmol/L (P ＜0.01).Specially,compounds Y1,Y4,Y6-Y9,Yu are more potent than their parent compound ADT-OH at concentration of 1-10 μmol/L,which is worthy of further study.

With the development of economic globalization, "internationalization" has become the key word in the national economic development strategy. Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the treasure of ancient Chinese science, and now has entered the era of international development. CMM compound is an important part of CMM, and patent protection is an important guarantee for the internationalization of Chinese medicine products. This paper explores the factors influencing the international influence of CMM from the perspective of patents; Besides, this paper is based on the CMM listed companies' patents at home and abroad as the research object, establish the evaluation index of the international influence by combining the number of foreign applicants' patents that cite it and the number of citing patents' family number. Construct the patent index system to evaluate the international influence of patents, and explore the factors influencing the international influence of CMM patent by establishing count models. The empirical study found that increasing R&D team size, absorbing large areas of technology and more scientific literatures can enhance the international influence of CMM patent; Patents that protect effective sites, effective ingredients, and quality control/inspection methods can generate more profound international influence. At last, we put forward some suggestions to improve the international influence of CMM according to the results of empirical analysis.

Objective To approach the mechanism and efficacy of regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy with the mixture of lipid emulsion-CDDP (LE-CDDP) for treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods Twenty-four health dogs were divided into four groups (group A, B, C, and D). The dosage of CDDP was used in 4 mg/kg/body weight for each animal The 20% LE, as a solvent, was used in the experimental animals with 2 ml/kg/ body weight (group A) and 1 ml/kg/bedy weight (group B), respectively. Normal sodium (NS) as a solvent was used as control with 2 ml/kg/bedy weight (group C) and 1 ml/kg/body weight (group D), respectively. The LE-CDDP mixture and the NS-CDDP mixture were infused into the proximal segment of splenic artery under the DSA, with transfemoral arterial approach. Blood samples were collected after infusion at 0,3,5,10,20,30,40,50,60 min and the tissues were obtained after the 60 min's blood sample was collected. Blood samples, absorbent gland in peripancreas, liver, spleen, kidney, heart, portal vein, the superior segment of jejunal and pancreas and parapancreatic tissues were obtained for CDDP concentration analysis and histopatholngic examination. Results The values of the area under curve (AUC), the incipient serum concentration ( C0 ) and the elimination half-life (t1/2 ) of the serum CDDP concentration-time curve in four groups were A (54. 5 ± 10.1)%,(2.6±0.5) mg/L, (16.7±3.6) min;B (18.3±6.0)%,(1.5±0.2) mg/L, (47.9 ± 11.1) min; C (116.7±20.6)%, (6.5±0.4) mg/L, (10.5±2.8) min and D (126.6±30.7)%, (5.5±0.4) mg/L, ( 10. 1±3. 1 ) min, respectively. There were significant difference among these four groups ( F(AUC) = 42. 42, F(C0) = 249. 61, F( t1/2 ) = 12. 48, P < 0. 01 ). The values of AUC and C0 in the group A were significantly lower than those in the group C (t(AUC) = 6. 64,t(C0) = 16. 34, P <0. 01 ), and the corresponding values in the group B being also significantly lower than those in the group D (t(AUC) = 8.49, t(C0) =22. 30, P<0. 01 ). The value t1/2 in the group A was significantly longer than that of in the group C ( t = 3.36, P < 0. 01 ), and that of group B was also significantly longer than that of group D ( t = 3.71, P <0. 01 ). The values of AUC and C0 in the group B were significantly lower than those in the group A (t(AUC) = 7. 57, t(C0) = 5.48, P < 0. 01 ), and the value t1/2 in the group B was significantly longer than that in the group A (t = 3.22, P < 0. 05 ). The concentrations of the left lobe and horn of pancreas were higher in the group B (0. 18, 0. 18 mg/L) than those in the group A (0. 05, 0. 05 mg/L) (t =2. 52, 2. 73, P < 0. 05). The tissue CDDP concentration of the right lobe of pancreas and spleen were no significant difference between group A ( 0. 11, 0. 29 mg/L ) and group B ( 0. 07, 0. 24 mg/L) ( P > 0. 05 ). Perivascular lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltration, congestion and hemorrhage were found in the pancreas, parapancreatic absorbent gland, liver and spleen in the group A and group B. The micro-particles of intralipid were present in the capillary vessel of these tissues. No specific pathological changes were found in other groups and organs. Conclusions The regional intra-arterial infusion with LE-CDDP mixture could increase the pancreatic CDDP concentration, meanwhile, it also could decrease the serum CDDP concentration. The more of the CDDP concentration in the LE-CDDP mixture, the more CDDP concentration at the pancreatic tissue accordingly.

Objective To identify the genotype of the APP/tau/PS1 triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice,and investigate the pathological changes of tau protein in the pathogenic process.Methods Using specific primers of PS1,APP,tau gene,the genotypes of the triple transgenic AD mice were identified.Expression of tau protein in hippocampal tissue of mouse model aged 2,4,8 month was detected by immunohistochemistry.The expression of tau and its hyperphosphorylation in different sites in the hippocampal tissue and different month old mice was detected by Western blotting.Results PCR amplification fragment of 960 bp,530 bp and 400 bp of transgenic mouse genome were the expected size of APP,PS1,tau,respectively.Expression of tau in hippocampal CA3 region was increased obviously in the 8 month old mice.Compared with the normal wild-type mice,the expressions of tau and phosphorylation of pS262,pS404 and pS202 were increased significantly in hippocampus tissue of the transgenic mice (P＜0.01).Expression of tau were significantly higher in 8-and 12-monthsold mice than in 2 months-old mice (P ＜ 0.01).Phosphorylation level of pS404 and Ps202 was significantly increased since 2-months-old in transgenic mouse compared to the wild type mouse (P＜0.01),and in 8-monthold mice,there was also a significant increase as compared to that in 2 month-old mice (P＜0.01).As to the phosphorylation level of pSs262,the significant increase did not appear until 12 months old in transgenic mouse as compared to the wild type mouse (P＜0.01).Conclusions The triple transgenic mice can stably express the APP/tau/PS1 gene.The transgenic animals can be a useful model with the pathological features of tau of AD.The phosphorylation level of tau in different site increases in different time,which will provide useful research reference in Alzheimer's disease pathology and medication research.

AIM: To study the role of nitric oxide ( NO ) and γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) in the formation of amblyopia by establishing 2 different types of amblyopic models.METHODS:A total of 18 aged 3-week kittens were randomly divided into monocular deprivation, strabismus and normal groups. All types of amblyopia were developed in the experimental eyes that were detected by P-VEP 12wk later. The cats were killed and the immunocytochemistry staining method were applied to observe under the light microscope the changes of distribution and positive cells areas of NO and GABA across the amblyopic retinal, compared to that from the normal cats of identical age.
RESULTS: The P-VEP showed that the amplitude of wave P1 was lower (P<0. 05) and the P1 latent time was longer ( P<0. 05 ) in two types of amblyopic cats than those in the normal cats. Compared to the normal cats, the NO and GABA positive cells areas were obviously reduced ( P<0. 05 ) across the retina in the amblyopic cats. But no significant difference was found between two kinds of amblyopic cats.
CONCLUSION:The NO and GABA play an important role in the formation of amblyopia in the level of retinal.

Objective To elucidate the features of the expression of P53,proliferation and apoptosis in gestational trophoblastic tumor(GTT).Methods Ten cases of normal placenta,10 cases of complete hydatidiform mole(CM),20 cases of invasive hydatidiform mole(IM)and 19 cases of choriocarcinoma(CCA)paraffin-embedded tissues were studied.P53 and PCNA were detected with immunohistochemistry,apoptosis was detected with terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results In NP,CM,IM and CCA,the P53 indexes(P53-Ⅰ)were 4.12%,21.68%,39.61% and 27.39% respectively with significant differences among them(P

Objective To investigate the ability of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and MRI in detecting skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Sixty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma received whole body and skull-base tomography SPECT, and nasopharynx and skull-base MRI before radiotherapy. The results were double-blind compared and evaluated. Results The overall positive rates of skull-base invasion detected by SPECT and MRI were 51% and 46% (P=0.508). In paitents with headache, cranial nerve palsy or both, the rates were 83% and 86% (P=1.000) ,80% and 80% (P=1.000), 88% and 94% (P=1.000), respectively. In patients with T1+T2 and T3+T4lesions,the rates were 22% and 0(P=0.031) ,74% and 82% (P=0.250) ,repectively. In patients with N0+N1and N2+N3lesions,they were 50% and 48% (P=1.000) ,53% and 40% (P=0.500) ,respectively. The conformation rate between SPECT and MRI was 85%. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that T stage was a risk factor for positive SPECT(χ2=4.23,P=0.040, OR=3.04). Headache tended to be a risk factor for both positive SPECT and positive MRI (χ2=3.13, P=0.077, OR=4.54;χ2=3.64,P=0.056,OR=12.00). Conclusions The detection sensitivity of SPECT in skull-base invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is equivalent to that of MRI. The consistency between SPECT and MRI is good. Moreover, there is a good correlation between SPECT and symptoms, signs and stage. SPECT of skullbase tomography is necessary for patients with severe headache, negative CT and those who can not receive MRI. When SPECT result is positive,skull-base should be considered to be invaded and should be defined as gross tumor volume in radiotherapy planning.