Objective To investigate the effect through clinical practice on the treatment of clavicular fractures.Methods 89 patients with a aeries of strict clinical examination were provided to determine the diagnosis,treatment design.Results After anatomic reduction,if the end of fracture became stability,joint pain disappeared even with oppression and the activities of the shoulder became normal,the healing effect is excellent.There were 48 cases of this kind and it was 54%of the whole;after anatomic reduction,if the end of fracture becatne stability,surrounding local joint pain disappeared with oppression and the activities of the shoulder nearly became normal,the healing effect belongs to the good.There were 25 cascs of this kind and it was 28% of the whole;if patients only achieved a reduetion of 1/2,they would suffer various degrees of pain after lifting heavy objects or moving and their joint activities would be restricted.The healing effect is also OK and there were 11 cases of this kind and it Wsa 12% of the whole;besides,poor treatment outcome for five cases,accounting for 6%.Excellent rate is 94% altogether.Conclusion The treatment of clavicular fractures to open reduction and internsl surgery is better than the traditional solid eight characrers bandage external fixation approach reduction.The use of reconstruction plate and collarbone hook plate is a well-established method of selection,by which bones can be fixed solidly and patients can move their shoulders earlier.What's more,joint function can restore quickly,the results are satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the serial clinical course about osteoporosis and spinal fracture,so as to promote knowledge of diagnosis and treatment. Methods 53 cases with whole clinical stuff were provided for analysis and study,especially on the diagnosis and medical treatment,it helps us to draw a conclusion from experience and lessons. Results After a series of proper treatments, the patients became healthy and sound earlier on,and the rate of good-results is 92 % . Conclusion Normally, the cause of the death is not just because of the fracture itself, but the complication which results from bed rest. In order to get the best result of treatment,solve the ambivalence synthetically and relatively.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of chronic gluteal pain.Methods 79 cases with chronic gluteal pain were provided in series of strict clinical examination to make sure their final diagnosis.Results 67 cases were identified with lumbar disc herniation,7 cases were of sacroiliac joint disease,2 cases of L5 isthmic spondyloisthesis,2 eases of avaseular necrosis of the femoral head,1 case of compressive fracture of thoracolumbar re- gion.Meantime 2 other concealed factors ought to be noted:ankylosing spondylitis and 12th intercostals neuritis. Conclusion Most cases of chronic gluteal pain were resulted from lumbar disc herniation,next from sacroiliac joint disturbances and probably a few cases from hip ioint disease.

Objective To improve the ingestion protocol of esophageal capsule endoscopy in right lateral supine (RLS) position. Methods A total of 53 patients were randomized into RLS group and improvement group. The time of passing the esophagus, visual range and clarity of esophagus and z-line, and comfort of the procedure were compared between the two groups. Results The time of capsule passing the esophagus in improvement group was significantly longer than that in RLS group [ 202 (20-480) s vs.63 (8-210) s, P ＜ 0. 001 ) ]. The range of visualization in esophagus (2. 69 ± 0. 21 ) and Z-line (2. 54 ±0. 22) in improvement group was significantly larger than that in RLS group (2. 55 ± 0. 23 and 2. 40 ± 0. 24,respectively, P =0. 019 and P =0. 037, respectively). No significant difference was detected in clarity of esophagus or Z-line between 2 groups (P ＞0. 05). Two patients (7.7%) in RLS group had transient cough due to frequent water drinking, while no cough was observed in improvement group. Conclusion Compared with the ingestion protocol of esophageal capsule endoscopy in right lateral supine position, the improved ingestion protocol shows larger range of visualization, better safety and the same definition.

Objective To investigate the effects of acupuncture on astrocyte proliferation in hippocampus of rats after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Ischemia-reperfusion injury was induced by temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)in 36 Sprague-Dawley rats,who were divided randomly into a control group,a model group and an acupuncture group.The expression level of Cyclin D 1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) was analyzed by immunoreactivity and Western blot. Results It was shown that the expression of Cyclin D1 and GFAP increased significantly(P＜0.01)at 2 and 7 days after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion,respectively.It was also shown that application of acupuncture could inhibit Cyclin D1 and GFAP(P＜0.01). Conclusion Acupuncture may inhibit glial proliferation by regulating cell cycle factor.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients with portal hypertension secondary to primary myelofibrosis (PH-PMF). Methods The clinical data of patients with PH-PMF retrieved from Peking University Third Hospital were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 6 from illness onset to definite diagnosis was 24 months. The symptoms related to portal hypertension included bloating, abdominal mass, hematemesis and melena. The signs related to portal hypertension included splenomegaly ( moderate or severe in all patients), hepatomegaly ( mild or moderate in most of patients),shifting dullness positive and varices in abdominal wall. Only a small portion of patients had jaundice, liver palms and spider angioma. The indexes related to liver functions were normal or only mild abnormal in most cases. The average diameters of portal vein and splenic vein were ( 16. 0 ±3.2) mm and ( 11.0 ±3.4) mm,respectively. Thrombosis of portal vein or splenic vein was found in 2 cases. Liver biopsy revealed extramedullary hemopoiesis in one patient. In addition to medicine therapy related to portal hypertension in 5 patients with PH-PMF, 1 patient received splenectomy and another received endoscopic variceal ligation.Conclusions The patients with PH-PMF were clinically rare and easy to be misdiagnosed. The main keys to differentiate PH-PMF from cirrhosis included marked splenomegaly, mild or moderate hepatomegaly, good liver functions, lack of liver palms or spider angioma and extramedullary hemopoiesis showed in liver biopsy samples.

To establish a simple and rapid method to genotype the human single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs). Methods:In the presence of the appropriate Cy5-ddNTPs and dNTPs,the primer was extended by one or more bases depending on the sequence at the polymorphic site. The microchip electrophoresis was used to detect the product of extension.The switching characteristics of the primer extension reaction was increased by introducing an artificially mismatched base into the third position from the 3'-terminus of the primers. Results:Three human SNPs were detected and the alleles were distinguished on the basis of size of the extended product. All samples were accurately assayed within 100 s in microchip electrophoresis. Conclusion:This technique offers a high-speed,easy and cheap method for genotyping SNPs.

BACKGROUND:The quantity and function reduction of circulating endothelial progenitor cells(CEPCs)indicate that vascular endothelial repair capacity reduces in hypertension patients,but the impact of statins on the CEPCs is still not very clear.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of atorvastatin calcium on endothelial cells and CEPCs in renovascular hypertensive rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Randomized controlled animal experiment was performed in Chongqing Key Laboratory ofNeurology from June 2008 to Febmary 2009.MATERIALS:Totally 24 SD male rats of SPF grade,and atorvastatin calcium was produced by Lipitor,Pfizer Inc.with batch number of 65837003.METHODS:The renovascular hypertension was induced with 2-kindey and 1-clip method in 16 SD rats,which were then randomly divided into two groups:hypertensive group(n=8)and statins group(n=8).control group(n=8)underwent the same operation,without silver slip.At 4 weeks after model construction,statins group was treated with atorvastatin calcium MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 4 and 12 weeks of the experiment.three groups of rats were measured blood pressure and blood lipids;at 12 weeks,the thoracic aortic endothelial cells continuity was investigated through hematoxylin-eosin stain;the quantity,proliferation,adhesion and migration capacity of CEPCs were determined.RESULTS:At 4 and 12 weeks of the experiment,there was no significant differences in the systolic pressure between statins RESULTS:At 4 and 12 weeks of the experiment,there was no significant differences in the systolic pressure between statins group group and model group,which were dramatically high than control group(P＞0.01):the blood lipids in the statins group was not changed.In the model group,rat aortic endothelial cells were greatly damaged;the injury of CEPCs was dramatically relieved in the model group.Compared with statins group and control group,the number of CEPCs was significantly decreased,the capacities of proliferation,adhesion and migration were also significantly reduced in the model group(P＜0.01);moreover,statins group was inferior to control group in terms of these capacities.with significant differences among three groups(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Renovascular hypertensive rats thoracic aortic endothelial calls are severely damaged,CEPCs decline in the humber and function;atorvastatin calcium can increase the number of CEPCs and improve the function of CEPCs.

Postprandial hyperglycemia is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cerebro-vascular diseases. This article reviews the mechanisms of cerebrovascular diseases caused by postprandial hyperglycemia from aspects of postprandial hyperglycemia participating in the pathophysiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis, and the relations between postprandial hyperglycemia and cerebrovascular diseases.

Single nucleotide polymorphism( SNP) is a major source of genetic differences, and the number of SNP is extremely large. Consequently, a high-throughput, rapid and cost-effective technique is essential for SNP typing. Recently, a set of solutions aimed directly at the bottlenecks in SNP detection were put forward, which including direct PCR from human whole blood, adapter-ligation mediated allele-specific amplification, gene polymorphism detection in one tube, microplate array parallel gel electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis. These methods have been successfully applied in pharmacogenomics, disease-related research, herbal medicine identification and quality control. The results showed that the advantages of the genotyping platforms are highly specific, sensitive, easy to operate and inexpensive with a good prospect of application. The principles and applications of the genotyping platforms in detail were described in this paper.