Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare subtype of B-cell malignancies, and it often occurs in the youth. About 80 % patients can be cured with the advance of modern therapy. How to further improve the cure rate of HL and minimize adverse reactions are new tasks faced by the clinicians, meanwhile, short-term curative effect and long-term survival rate are worthy of attention. An accurate assessment of disease stage is crucial for the selection of the appropriate therapy. This review discusses the hot issues regarding HL treatments to further improve the precision therapeutics, and to provide more references for clinical treatment.

Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a devastating vasculitis of the aorta and its major branches,coronary and pulmonary arteries.The clinical manifestations in children are less specific than in adnlts:the disease in children presents with fever,arthralgias,vomiting,weight loss and hypertension.Conventional angiography,which is recognized as the golden standard in evaluating vascular lesions in TA,combined with computer tomography angiography (CTA),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA),ultrasonography,could not only provide important information for early diagnosis,but also detect disease activity.New immunosuppressive agents and biological therapies,such as TNF-a blocking agents,have been verified to be effective although corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive agents are still basic treatment.

Objective To construct the autocatalytic caspase-3 and investigate its apoptosis- inducing effect in ovarian cancer in vitro and in vivo.Methods PCR recombination technique was used to construct autocatalytic caspase-3 which is named as rev-caspase-3,and Ad-Max system was used to prepare recombinant adenovirus containing rev-caspase-3,which is named as Ad-rev-easp3.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect active caspase-3 expression.Cell counting kit,flow cytometry and western blot were used to measure cell survival rate,apoptotic rate,cell cycle distribution and the expressions of plT,active subunit of caspase-3,and p85,the poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose)polymerase(PARP)cleavage segment,respectively.Transmission electron microscope was used to detect cell ultrastrueture,and real time PCR was used to detect apoptosis-related gene expression.Subcutaneous tumor models and abdominally spread tumor models of human ovarian carcinoma were established using AO cells in BALB/c nude mice. The mouse survival rates were measured for abdominally spread tumor models,and the volume of tumor nodules were determined for subcutaneous tumor models following the treatments of rev-caspase-3.Results Active caspase-3 protein was significantly expressed,and the expression levels of active subunit of caspase- 3,p17,and the PARP cleavage segment,p85,were significantly elevated in cells treated with rev-caspase- 3.The decrease of cell survival rate and the increase of cell apoptotic rate were detected following Ad-rev- casp3 treatment.Treatments with Ad-rev-casp3 [ multiplicity of infection(MOI)was 70 ] resulted in survival rate of 30.3% and apoptotic rate of 40.2%.There was a significant increase in cell number of S- phase(56.5%),while there was no significant apoptosis(3.4%)following treatments with Ad-rev-casp3 at a low dosage of MOI=10.Cells treated with rev-caspase-3 displayed significant apoptotic morphology. The levels of active caspase-3 gene expressions(9.44)significantly increased.Rev-caspase-3 treatment significantly prolonged survival,the mean survival duration was(213?16)days,and suppressed tumor growth(tumor growth suppression rate was 70%),when compared with treatment with phosphate buffered saline(PBS).Conclusion Recombinant adenovirus containing rev-caspase-3 can significantly induce apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells,suppress tumor growth and prolong the mouse survival duration.

Objective To study the expression and its significance of bcl-2 associated death (bad) gene in human optic nerves from traumatic atrophic eyeballs. Methods The optic nerves from 8 normal human donor eyes and 31 traumatic atrophic eyes were studied by immunohistochemistry technique. Results Bad protein was positively expressed in the normal optic nerve myelin sheath and residual myelin portions of optic nerve tissues from traumatic atrophic eyes. The expression of bad protein in the residual portions of myelin sheath was stained significantly stronger than that in normal optic nerves (P0 05). Conclusion Bad might possess the function of promoting the optic nerve atrophy processes in traumatic atrophic eyes.

Heart ; Myocardium ; cytology ; Stem Cells

As one of the serious complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy( DR) has become a main eye disease which causes blindness. The occurrence and development of DR is related to many factors. The pathogenesis is complicated, and the mechanism has not been clear. Early data suggest that the occurrence and development of DR has relations with many factors such as blood sugar level, diabetes duration and the environment. Among the factors, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the important mechanisms of DR and has become research focus in recent years. Consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction within cells include elevation of the rate of reactive oxygen species( ROS) production due to damage of electron transport chain proteins, mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) damage, and loss of metabolic capacity. Clear understanding on the mechanism of mitochondrial functional change under high sugar level and oxidative stress response in the occurrence and development of DR is of great significance on prevention and cure of DR. ln this article, the development of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of DR is reviewed.

BACKGROUND: A total of 300 SD rats were used for blood sampling. In abdominal aorta approach, the best puncture point was the abdominal aortic bifurcation 1-3 mm towards the heart, with a success rate of 93.6%. In posterior orbital venous plexus approach, the needle was vertically inserted into the inner canthus and rotated toward the eyeground to open venous plexus (success rate 89.9%). In cardiac puncture approach, below the xiphoid process, the needle punctured into the skin with 25°-30° oblique upward, through the diaphragm until 2.5-3.0 cm deep (success rate 83.4%). In tail end approach, surgical scissors cut off 5-10 mm tail top (success rate 94.4%). In jugular vein approach, the needle was horizontally inserted along the fourth rib into the skin until the jugular vein, about 5 mm deep, at 30°-40° with the chest surface (success rate 80.9%). A large blood volume could be obtained by abdominal aorta approach, which leads to less haemolysis and no hurt to organs, no gas embolism or haemostasis caused by inappropriate operation. But each approach has advantages and drawbacks, the selective principle should be based on experimental require.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of setting PEEP and tidal volume (VT ) according to pressure-volume (P-V) curve during one lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.Methods Twenty-five ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 44-64 yr weighing 57-75 kg undergoing lobectomy under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.Double-lumen tube was inserted.Correct positioning was verified by flberoptic bronchoscopy.The patients were mechanically ventilated.P-V curve was measured by SSS system during OLV.Lower inflection point (LIP)and upper inflection point (UIP) were determined.The pressure at LIP (PLIP) and volume at UIP (VUIP) were measured.Bilateral lungs were ventilated for 30 min (T0) at first before OLV was started.PEEP was set at PLIP + 0.196 kPa and VT was set at VUIP,and the patients were ventilated for 30 min (T1).VT was then reduced to 80％ of VUIP.OLV was performed for another 30 min (T2).VT was then further reduced to 60％ of VUIP and the patients were ventilated for 30 min (T3).PEr CO2 was maintained at 4.67-6.00 kPa.Arterial blood and central venous samples were taken at T0-3.Blood gas analysis was performed.Qs/Qt was calculated.MAP,HR,CVP,peak airway pressure (Peak),airway resistance (Rsw) and lung compliance (CL) were measured and recorded at T0-3.ResultsHR,Ppeakk,Rsw and Qs/Qt were significantly increased while CL and PaO2 decreased at T1-3,CVP was significantly increased at T1.2 and MAP and PaCO2 were increased at T3 as compared with the baseline values at T0.Ppeak and Rsw were significantly decreased at T2.3 and PaO2 was significantly increased while Qs/Qt decreased at T2,CVP was decreased,MAP and PaO2 were increased at T3 as compared with the values at T1.ConclusionsMechanical ventilation with VT set at 80％ of VUIPandPEEPatPUIP+0.196kPa provides best ventilatory efficacy for OLV in terms of PaO2 and hemodynamics.

Objective To investigate the effect of intravenous injection of parecoxib before operation on the efficacy of postoperative analgesia in patients undergoiag thoracic surgery.Methods Ninety ASA Ⅰ -Ⅲ patients,aged 38-76 yr,weighing 44-82 kg,scheduled for thoracic surgery under general anesthesia combined with thoracic epidural block,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n = 30 each): group A,B and C.Epidttral anesthesia was performed at the T6-7 interspace before general anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced with sufentanyl 0.4 μg/kg,vecuronium 0.12 mg/kg and propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg.Double-lumen bronchial tube was inserted and the patients were mechanically ventilated.Group A received iv injection of normal saline 2 ml 30 min before skin incision.Group B received iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg after extubation.Group C received iv parecoxib sodium 40 mg 30 min before skin incision.Anesthesia was maintained with propofol,vecuronium,sufentanyl and lidocaine.The patients received patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)with ropivacaine and 0.5 μg/ml sufentanil after surgery.The VAS score was maintained≤ 3.The comfort level was evaluated with Bruggrmann comfort scale(BCS)at 4,12,24 and 48 h after operation.The consumption of sufentanil during operation and within 48 h after operation was recorded.The adverse reactions were also recorded.Results Compared with group A,the consumption of sufentanil was significantly decreased in group B and C,the BCS score was significantly increased at 4 h after operation in group B,and the BCS score was significantly increased at each time point and the consumption of sufentanil during operation was significantly decreased in group C(P ＜ 0.05).The BCS score was significantly higher,and the consumption of sufentanil during operation and within 48 h after operation was significantly lower in group C than in group B(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significance difference in the adverse reactions among the 3 groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous injection of parecoxib 40 mg before operation reduces the perioperative sufentanil consumption in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

Amino Acids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Glutamates ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Pain ; physiopathology ; Pain Threshold ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ; metabolism