Immunology plays an important role in prevention, discovery, diagnosis and treatment. There are 4 major immunological techniques including ELISA (enzyme linked immuno-sorbent assay), ICA (immuno-chromatography assay), GLORIA (gold labeled optical read rapid immunoassay) and MCIA (membrane capture immunoassay). These techniques with the simple test devices such as test paper, test stick, test cassette provided the rapid results. The immunological techniques have been applying in emergency tests (myocardial infection, embolism, thrombosis, and occlusion), infection viral infection, allergy, cancer and drug abuse
Immunology ; Immunoassay ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

The markers of cancer were generated from cells of cancer or metabolism or immunoresponse to the canceration. For the last 2 decades of 20th century, many markers of cancer used clinically thanks to the development of new clone antibody. By developing the molecular biology. Many genes of cancer, telomere, telomerase, survivin were considered as markers of cancer have been detected for the recent 20 years.
neoplasms ; diagnosis

This paper introduced some differences of molecular biological techniques from microbiological techniques and some advantages of molecular biological techniques. They comprised fast and early detection, safety, convenient, effective, inexpensive techniques, allowance for diagnosis of causative agents that not able to culture, facilitate for prognosis and monitoring of the treatment. The molecular biological techniques showed its important role more and more and combined with microbiological technique to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis
Communicable Diseases ; Molecular Biology

During transition years of 20th and 21st century, the molecular biology has had major progresses in the finding the nature of cancer's generation, early detection, prognosis and treatment of cancer. The molecular techniques were important breakthrough. The predominant achievement was to newly discover the role of telomere, telomerase and surviving in the cancer.
Molecular Biology ; Medical Oncology

This paper introduced some techniques of molecular biology in the diagnosis of some genetic diseases, pediatric diseases, as well as communicable and cardiovascular disease and cancer
Epidemiology, Molecular ; Pediatrics ; diagnosis

For more than past hundred years, Engels F. thought that the nature of life was protein. The human was decided by 2 factors, including genome and various influences of environment. The establishment of science of protein system (proteomics) is a break through of biology in 21st century.
Genomics ; Proteomics

Proteomics opened a complete new way in the medical and pharmaceutical sector. It helped detecting causes of unknown diseases, early diagnosing, contributing to optimal treatment of many diseases, and manufacturing new drugs as molecular mechanism. It is hoped that proteomics will be used to understand and treat cancer
Genomics ; Proteomics

In the 21st century, proteomics, a new science, appears in the biology. Proteomics studies the human protein, opens a new era of molecular pathology. The scientists suggest that the human being is determined by 2 factors: the genetic system or human genome and various influences of surrounding environment. From which, proteomics have been become the turning point of the biology at the beginning of 21st century.
Proteomics ; Biology

The tumor marker CA 72-4 has been determined sera of gastric cancer patients to evaluate its role in the diagnosis and the monitoring of treatment. Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: 68 (38 men, 30 women; age 17-70) Gastric ulcer and gastritis: 10 (male: 8, female: 2; age 30-72). Criteria of diagnosis: cytologic examination. 40 patients have been monitored CA 72-4 during one month after operation. There were high statistical difference of CA 71-4 concentrations between cancer and healthy groups (p< 0.001); but no difference between ulcer and healthy people (p<0.005) has been found. The specificity of CA 72-4 for gastric cancer was 100%; sensitivity: 73.53%; Positive predictive value: 100%; Negative predictive value: 35.7%. 77.5% of cases had decreased levels of CA 72-4 after surgery. But in 4 cases, the increased concentrations of this marker correlated with residual tumor. The results showed that CA 72-4 proved to be specific and sensitive in the diagnosis and prognosis and monitoring of surgical treatment of gastric cancer.
Diagnosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; neoplasms

This paper introduces the troponin, a new gold standard for diagnosis of myocardial infarction and role of troponin in other diseases. The authors introduced also some new standards for diagnosis of the myocardial infarction such as cut-off value, isoenzyme CK-MB, GOT, myoglobin and LDH
Troponin ; Cardiomyopathies ; Infarction ; diagnosis ; Myocardial Infarction