No abstract available.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

Since the 1960's, Korea has achieved rapid economic growth, longer life expectancy, accelerated urbanization and a westernization of diet. Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death; however the prevalence of ischemic heart disease(IHD) remains low. A cross-sectional multiphasic screening service for 18,426 persons aged 30 64 years in a Medical Aid Program in Kyonggi-do Province was conducted from 1991 to 1993. Total cholesterol(TC), Fasting blood glucose(FBG), blood pressure(BP), and electrocardiographic(EKG) data were collected. The result as follows; 1. On the EKG findings, the age-adjusted prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was 1.45% in men and 2.06% in women. 2. The mean blood pressure was 122.9/78.8mmHg. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 11.05% in men and 9.02% in women. The prevalence of hypertension showed increasing tendency according to age increase. In all age group, the prevalence of hypertension was higher in men than women. 3. The mean total cholesterol level was 184.4mg/dl in men and 189.2mg/dl in women. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was 4.88% in men and 5.67% in women. The total cholesterol level showed increasing tendency according to age increase, except 55 64 age group in men. 4. The prevalence of hyperglycemia is 5.8%. The age-adjusted prevalence of hyperglycemia is 6.72% in men and 4.50% in women. The prevalence of hyperglycemia showed increasing tendency according to age increase. 5. On the EKG findings, the prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was higher in hypertension than normal, in all age group of men and women less than 40 years-old. Only in women more than 40 years-old, the prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was higher in hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Nevertheless there is not statistical association between ischemic heart disease and previous risk factors in other age group, the prevalence of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction was higher in hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia than normal. The result of this study suggest that relationships between major risk factor of ischemic heart disease and ischemic heart disease is similar to existing theory.
Adult ; Blood Glucose* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cause of Death ; Cholesterol* ; Diet ; Economic Development ; Electrocardiography* ; Fasting* ; Female ; Gyeonggi-do ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypertension* ; Korea ; Life Expectancy ; Male ; Multiphasic Screening ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Urbanization

No abstract available.
Compliance* ; Rehabilitation*

Acute infarcts of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) territory are unusual. Furthermore incomplete AICA infarcts are perplexing because of its variations of vascular anatomy and inconsistent clinical features. We present a case with clinical features of AICA infarction, which consist of ipsilateral peripheral-type facial palsy, vertigo, and contralateral facial and upper limb sensory changes without motor weakness. The patient had hypertension and was a current smoker. The high signal intensity on inferior pontine tegmental area was found on MRI and the R2 interneuronal dysfunction was note on Blink reflex. The angiographic findings didn't show any focal vascular lesions, which is contrary to the pathogenesis of AICA infarction published previously. On the clinical ground, the present case reserves to attention in that patients with peripheral-type facial palsy should be properly evaluated and with thorough neurological examination and we could differentiate between the incomplete AICA infarcts such as Gasperini syndrome and Bell's palsy.
Arteries ; Bell Palsy ; Blinking ; Facial Paralysis* ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Interneurons ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neurologic Examination ; Upper Extremity ; Vertigo

Until now, surgical treatment of bile duct carcinoma has been unsatisfactory. There have been few reports dealing with the clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and c-erbB-2 in bile duct cancer. To evaluate epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) and c-erbB-2 protein as a marker for prognosis, we analyzed the data and outcome of 32 cases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma immunohistologically, as well as clinicopathologically. The expressions of EGFR and c-erbB-2 showed in 71.9%(23/32) and 34.4%(11/32), respectively. The expression of EGFR was closely associated with the expression of c-erbB-2 (p<0.05). The expression rate of EGFR was significantly higher in well-differentiated cancer than in poorly-differentiated cancer (p<0.05), but was not related to stage, or lymph node metastasis. The expression of c-erbB-2 was not related to stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation. The expressions of EGFR and c-erbB-2 did not correlate with survival. In conclusion, the expression of EGFR or c-erbB-2 may be used as a tumor marker, but not as a prognostic factor in extrahepatic bile duct cancer.
Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic* ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptor, erbB-2

OBJECTIVE: In accordance with the increasing number of elderly people in our society, the incidence of pedicle screw fixation which is a technically demanding procedure and requires a lengthy operation time has increased in the patients with lumbars instability over 60 years old. To ascertain the outcome and efficacy of the pedicle screw fixation in patients over 60 years old, we analyzed the surgical results including complications. PATIENTS AND METHOD: From May, 1994 to September, 1997, we assessed 30 patients over 60 years of age and 159 patients under the age of 60 with lumbar spinal instability who underwent surgery of pedicle screw fixation and compared with the results of surgery between two groups. RESULTS: For the elderly, the average operation time was 244 minutes and the transfusion amount was 3.3 pints. For younger patient the average operation time was 246 minutes and the transfusion amount was 3.2 pints. Four surgical complications occurred; two patients with voiding difficulty, one patient with heart problem, and a patient with DIC(Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation). However, all complications were controlled without further problems. The success rate in the elderly was 60%, which was lower than the success rate of 76% among younger patients. CONCLUSION: Considering the condition of the diseases in the elderly and the fact that the operations were performed without any major problems, these results are acceptable. Based on our analysis, it is our view that advanced age per se should not be regarded as a contraindication for pedicle screw fixation.
Aged ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged*

No abstract available.
Humans

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to find the differences of temperamental characteristics of Korean children according to family environment and developmental history. METHODS: 1) The mothers whose children had been educated at twenty-five Samsung Child Care Centers nationwide participated in the survey using Parent Temperament Questionnaire for Children (PTQ) and the Child Development Questionnaire (CDQ). 2) The temperament of 1,175 children whose mothers completed PTQ were classified into 5 diagnostic clusters (Easy, Intermediate Low, Intermediate High, Difficult, Slow-To-Warm-Up) according to the method proposed by Fullard et al. 3) The results of classification were compared and analysed statistically according to each CDQ parameters. RESULTS: Statistically meaningful difference in the distribution of temperamental clusters were found in the CDQ parameters such as birth order of children, number of intimate friends, children's relationship with their peers, children's relationship with their siblings, children's relationship with their parents, type of milk feeding, motor development of children during 2 years after birth, motor development during from age 2 to 5, stranger anxiety, present health state of children, and relationship between parents. After all, the proportion of Easy type was greater in the children who were first-born, or who had good relationship with their peers or family, fast motor development, mild stranger anxiety, good health condition, or good relationship between each parent. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the distribution of temperamental cluster was significantly different in several parameters of family environment and developmental history of Korean children. The children with fast development, good interpersonal relationship or favorable family environment are more likely to be the Easy type.
Anxiety ; Birth Order ; Child Care ; Child Development ; Child* ; Classification ; Friends ; Humans ; Milk ; Mothers ; Parents ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Siblings ; Temperament*

The therapeutic efficacy of antipsychotic drugs is generally attributed to their ability to block dopamine D2 receptors. Classical D2 antagonists are not effective to treat negative symptoms and produce extrapyramidal side effects. On the other hand, atypical antipsychotic agents ameliorate negative symptoms without producing extra-pyramidal side effects, and it is reported to be associated with blockade of serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of risperidone on neuroreceptors in the rat brain by quantitative autoradiography method. In acute treatment group, risperidone was injected into peritoneal cavity of male Wistar rats with dose of 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1,0 and 2.0mg/kg in each Group(5/group), and they were decapitated after 2 hours. In chronic treatment group, risperidone was injected with dose of 0, 0.1, and 1mg/kg(I.P.) for 21 days and decapitated after 24 hours following last treatment. The effect of risperodone on the binding of [3H]spiperone to 5-HT2 and D2 receptors were analysed in 4 discrete regions of the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and frontal cortex by quantitative autoradiography. Acute treatment with risperidone reduced cortical 5-HT2 specific [3H]spiperone binding to 32% of vehicle-treated control. Subcortical 5-HT2 specific [3H]spiperone binding was not affected at all dose groups whereas a significant reduction (57%) in D2 specific [3H]spiperone binding was observed in risperidone treated group at doses of l-2mg/kg. Chronic treatment with risperidone produced a decrease in the maximal number of cortical 5-HT2 receptors to 51% and 46% of control in 0.1mg/kg & 1mg/kg treated group respectively. In conclusion, risperidone is a cortical serotonin receptor antagonist with relatively weak antagonistic action on dopamine receptors. These effects on neuroreceptors may explain the therapeutic effect of risperidone as a atypical antipsychotic agents.
Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents ; Autoradiography ; Brain* ; Dopamine* ; Hand ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleus Accumbens ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Rats* ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Dopamine D2 ; Receptors, Dopamine* ; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT2 ; Risperidone* ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Serotonin*

No abstract available.
Acidosis, Renal Tubular*