PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with behaviors of mothers that expose their infants to endocrine disruptors. The PROCEED model was used as a theoretical basis for the study. METHODS: This correlational study included 120 mothers with infants between the ages of 1 month to 36 months. Participants were recruited through the maternal community web-site of mothers of infants in W city. RESULTS: There was a significant negative correlation among experience of mothers who had participated in environmentally friendly activities, the health status of the infants perceived by the mother, and behaviors of mothers that exposed infants to endocrine disruptors. The factors based on PROCEED model explained 15.3% of the behaviors by mothers that exposed infants to endocrine disruptors. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop and provide educational programs that include detailed information on relationship of endocrine disruptors to children's health.
Child Health ; Endocrine Disruptors* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Mothers* ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dehydration from preoperative fasting on postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients who underwent gynecologic surgeries. METHODS: Study design was a prospective descriptive study. A total of 75 patients in a university hospital were selected. Data were collected from March 17 to May 16, 2014 using self-report questionnaires and clinical electronic chart. RESULTS: Factors influencing the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting were type of surgery (t=3.44, p=.001), use of PCA (t=-2.16, p=.034), and preoperative dehydration level (t=5.93, p<.001), and these variables accounted for 51.7% of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Among these variables, preoperative dehydration amount (beta=.56) showed the largest influence in the difference in postoperative nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSION: Reducing dehydration during preoperative fasting can prevent occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Development of a clinical guideline is necessary to give directions for the prevention of dehydration during preoperative fasting and to ensure the proper duration of fasting according to patient characteristics, type of surgery and time of surgery.
Dehydration* ; Fasting ; Female ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures* ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Prospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Modifying risk factors and improving stroke awareness in the general community have been emphasized for preventing stroke. This study aimed to explore modifiable lifestyle risk factors and the awareness of stroke and to compare scores for stroke knowledge according to lifestyle risk factors and recognition of important indicators among adults in urban areas. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 196 participants aged 40 to 65 selected by a convenient sampling of community cultural centers, churches, and recreational groups. Participants completed a structured questionnaire including general characteristics, risk factors of stroke, and awareness of stroke including general knowledge, risk factors, reactions to warning symptoms, and knowledge on personal risk factors of stroke such as body weight, blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol level. RESULTS: Less than 30% of the participants engaged in regular physical activity and low fat diet and 33% of the participants were classified as having 'higher' level of knowledge on stroke. Knowledge on their personal risk factors of stroke were generally poor. Scores for knowledge on stroke were not different for lifestyle risk factors and knowing whether their body weight and blood pressure level were within normal limits. Meanwhile, scores for knowledge on stroke were significantly higher among those knowing whether their blood sugar and cholesterol level were within normal limits. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to improve stroke awareness among community adults by providing more targeted information on warning symptoms, risk factors of stroke, and important indicators of major conditions related to stroke and their contribution to stroke prevention.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Humans ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

PURPOSE: To identify factors associated with menstrual distress and characterize the relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance in middle-school girls. METHODS: Participants in this correlational study were 117 middle-school girls who were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected from March 2018 to April 2018 using self-reported structured questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0. Factors associated with menstrual distress included physiological, psychological, and situational factors based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. RESULTS: Age of menarche (β=−.28, p < .001), amount of menstruation (β=.23, p=.004), lifestyle-related exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (β=.21, p=.027), and academic and peer-relationship stress (β=.19, p=.025) influenced menstrual distress, explaining 47.4% of the variance in this regression model. The relationship between menstrual distress and sleep disturbance was statistically significant. Sleep disturbance was increased 1.26 folds when dysmenorrhea score increased by one unit (OR=1.26, 95% CI: 1.01~1.58). However, parental support was not a significant moderating factor of sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION: This study provides basis to develop an intervention strategy to alleviate menstrual discomfort in adolescents and improve their quality of sleep.
Adolescent ; Dysmenorrhea ; Female* ; Humans ; Menarche ; Menstruation ; Parents ; Premenstrual Syndrome ; Sleep Wake Disorders

PURPOSE: This study was done to examine current status of women's health nursing practicum and identify necessary core nursing skills in this practicum area. Moreover, one syllabus and evaluation sheets for women's health nursing clinical practicum at one university were reviewed. METHODS: A survey design was used with 81 educators who were teaching maternity or women's health nursing and its practicum. RESULTS: Most clinical sites for practicum were university hospitals (43.0%), women's hospitals (32.7%), or general hospitals (17.3%); but the majority (77.8%) of educators expressed difficulty in finding appropriate practicum places. Common teaching and learning methods were clinical guides for practicum (44.6%), e-learning content (30.2%), and simulation (23.6%). Core nursing skills for this practicum included assessment of stages of labor, preparation of uterine-fetal monitoring devices and interpretation of results, monitoring uterus and fetal activity, and performing Leopold's maneuver. For postpartum care, the following were included; postpartum fundal massage, assessment of breast engorgement, fundus height, and episiotomy sites, inserting urinary catheter, and teaching the use of patient-controlled analgesia. CONCLUSION: To improve the quality of clinical practicum, development of a clear course syllabus, standardized clinical guidebook, and core nursing skills is required and should be shared with all relevant nurse educators.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Breast ; Clinical Competence ; Education ; Episiotomy ; Female ; Fetal Movement ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Infant, Newborn ; Learning ; Massage ; Maternal-Child Nursing ; Nursing* ; Postnatal Care ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Urinary Catheters ; Uterus ; Women's Health*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was 1) to classify the stage of adoption 2) to compare the decisional balance and confidence by stage of adoption 3) to identify factors influenced the stage of adoption for breast self exam. METHOD: A comparative study using a survey method with convenience sample of 143 women was used. Decisional balance and confidence was measured using the CHBMS-K. Stage of adoption for BSE was measured by a single item modified by the researchers based on the Rakowski et al (1992). RESULT: 1) The number of women in each stage of adoption for BSE was as follows; maintenance phase, 7.7% (n=11), action phase, 49.0% (n=70), contemplation phase, 35.0% (n=50) and pre- contemplation phase, 8.4%(n=12). 2) The mean difference in the decisional balance (F=4.32, p=.006) and confidence (F=13.85, p=.000) according to the stage of BSE adoption was statistically significant. 3) Prevention education and confidence accounted for 32% of variance in BSE. CONCLUSION: Assessment of decisional balance and stage of adoption for BSE can guide planning for cancer prevention education. We must educate women to have confidence in BSE. Further, it is important to urge women to continually practice BSE.
Breast* ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of Taegyo-focused prenatal classes on maternal-fetal attachment and self-efficacy related to childbirth. METHODS: Over 4 weeks, 49 women, 20 to 36 weeks of gestation participated in a prenatal program led by the nurse who developed it. In addition to Lamaze content it included; understanding ability of fetus to respond, sharing motivation, purpose of pregnancy, and preconceptions of experiencing childbirth, training in maternal- fetal interaction, writing letters and making a declaration of love to unborn baby. Using a pre- experimental design, data were collected by self-report, before and after program, using Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (1981), and Shin's (1997) Labor Self-Efficacy Measurement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Paired t-test showed significant changes in scores of maternal-fetal attachment (t=6.91. p<.001) and self-efficacy related to childbirth (t=10.19, p<.001). Taegyo opens the possibility of integrating Western ideas with Korean traditional health behavior. Incorporation of Taegyo into existing prenatal classes is recommended.
Adult ; Attitude to Health/ethnology ; Curriculum ; Female ; Health Education/organization & administration ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Love ; Maternal-Child Nursing/organization & administration ; Maternal-Fetal Relations/*ethnology ; *Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; *Mothers/education/psychology ; Motivation ; Nurse Midwives/organization & administration ; Nursing Evaluation Research ; Nursing Methodology Research ; Object Attachment ; Parturition/*ethnology ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care/*organization & administration ; Program Evaluation ; Questionnaires ; *Self Efficacy ; Writing

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to endocrine disruptors, burnout, and social support from peers on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in nurses. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted among 122 nurses under the age of 49 working at a university hospital. The participants answered self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson or Spearman correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression in IBM SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean age of the nurses was 28.9 years. Of these nurses, 49.2% were working in a general ward, 24.6% in the intensive care unit, 14.8% in the emergency room, and 11.4% in an outpatient department. The explanatory power of the model was 38.3%, and it was statistically significant (F=11.74, p≤.001). Exposure to endocrine disruptors (β=0.32, p<.001) was the most powerful variable affecting PMS, followed by burnout (β=0.27, p=.001), working in the intensive care unit or emergency room (β=0.22, p=.003), family history of PMS (β=0.19, p=.009), and support from coworkers (β=–0.15, p=.043). Conclusion Based on these findings, it is necessary to develop an intervention program to reduce the symptoms of PMS. Additionally, further studies are needed to develop and evaluate measures to minimize exposure to endocrine disruptors and burnout in order to alleviate PMS among nurses.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of health interventions using virtual reality (VR) on improving knowledge, attitudes, and skills; and inducing behavioral change among adolescents. Methods: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. We searched Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Korean databases between database inception and April 10, 2021. Based on heterogeneity, a random- or fixed-effects model was used, as appropriate, to calculate effect sizes in terms of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR). Studies were selected if they verified the effects of health education using VR on adolescents; there was an appropriate control group; and if the effects of education were reported in terms of changes in knowledge, attitudes, skills, or behaviors. Results: This analysis included six studies (n = 1,086). The intervention groups showed greater responses in knowledge and attitudes (SMD = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.12 to 1.02]), skills related to health behavior (SMD = -0.45, 95% CI [-0.71 to -0.19]), and behavioral change after 12 months (OR = 2.36, 95% CI [1.03 to 5.41]). Conclusion The results confirm the effectiveness of health interventions using virtual reality (VR). Although the analysis include a small number of studies, a case can be made for health interventions using VR to be utilized as educational methods and strategies to prevent risky behaviors among adolescents.