This experimental study was performed on 5 rabbits to ascertain if oxygenated Ringer's lactate Could be used in place of fluorocarbons through peritoneal administration. Oxygen was bubbled through solutions of Ringer's lactate at two different rates and the oxygen tension of each solution was determined. The solution used in vivo had oxygen delivered at a rate of 5 L/min; the mean PO2 and pH were 575.5 mmHg and 6.34 respectively, while the rate of oxygenation of the in vitro solution was 3 L/min. with a mean PO2 and pH of 416.6 mmHg and 6.08. After peritoneal administration of the oxygenated solution the PaO2 values were significantly increased from the control value. Other parameters such as pH, PaCO2, HCO3, BE, SO2 (oxygen saturation), Na and K were not shown to be statistically significant. Some degree of oxygenation could be obtained by the introduction of oxygenated Ringer's solution. This result suggested that this solution can be used for oxygenation via the transperitoneal administration, and that this method of oxygenation may possibly be used to treat some forms of respiratory failure.
Animal ; Infusions, Parenteral ; Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage* ; Oxygen/administration & dosage* ; Oxygen/blood ; Rabbits

This experimental work was performed on 4 rabbits to demonstrate that administrations of oxygenated Ringer's lactate through the central venous infusion could be used as a means of oxygenation. The oxygen tensions of Ringer's lactate were determined upon changing the amount of oxygen being bubbled and the solutions with the mean PO2 and pH of 575.5 mmHg and 6.34 were used in this study. We did not use the solutions having the values below 416.6 mmHg PO2 and pH 6.08. After the infusion of the oxygenated solution through central vein, PaO2 values throughout the 1 hour experimental procedure were significantly increased above the control value. Other parameters such as pH, PaCOs, HCO3-, BE, O2 saturation did not show any statistically significant changes. Some degree of oxygenation could be obtained by infusing the oxygenated Ringer's solution. This suggested that oxygenation by infusion through the central venous line could used clinically in the treatment of some forms of hypoxia with hypovolemia.
Analysis of Variance ; Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Isotonic Solutions/*administration & dosage ; Oxygen/*administration & dosage ; Rabbits

The efficacy nd tolerance of topical administration of levocabastine(0.5mg/ml)were evaluated in patients with allergic conjunctivitis. A total of 166 patients who had a typical history of atopy and a positive skin test were recruited in this study. Five clinicl symptoms(itch, tearing, chemosis, lid edema and conjunctival injection) were assessed according to a four point scale before the treatment and at 1 and 2 weeks post-therapy. Total symptom severity score before the therapy, 6.68, was remarkably decreased to 2.86 at 1 week and 2.08 at 2 weeks after the treatment. The investigators rated the treatment as globally good or excellent in 68.1% of patients checked at 1 week and 72.5% at 2 weejs after treatment. And the patients evaluated that the therapy ws good to excellent in 66.9% at 1 week and 73.1% at 2 weeks after treatment. Levocabastine eye drops has a fast onet of action with 55.4% of the patients feeling symptom relief within 15 minutes after the first administration. The adverse effect was experienced in 44 patients. Ocular irritation sign, such as foreign body sensation or soreness, was the most frequently reported complaint. These results suggest that levocabastine eye drops is an effective and safe topical alternative for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Administration, Topical ; Conjunctivitis, Allergic* ; Edema ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Ophthalmic Solutions* ; Research Personnel ; Sensation ; Skin Tests

PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of intracameral amphotericin injection and to evaluate risk factors affecting primary treatment success in fungal infection invading the anterior segment of the eye. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 26 patients diagnosed with fungal infection in the anterior segment were studied. The initial treatment regimen was a topical 0.15% amphotericin application and itraconazole oral administration after culture. Amphotericin (5 ug/0.1 ml, 0.1 cc) was repeatedly injected intracamerally when the infection intensified. Penetrating keratoplasty was conducted for eyes unresponsive to intracameral amphotericin injection. The relative risk ratios of ulcer size, infiltration depth, culture positivity, and hypopyon were compared in each treatment group to evaluate the treatment response. RESULTS: Of patients with fungal infection, 30.7% were cured with intracameral amphotericin injection, while 30.7% needed penetrating keratoplasty. Intracameral amphotericin injection was needed in the presence of large corneal ulcers (>14 mm2), hypopyon, positive fungal culture, use of steroid eye drops, and deep infiltration at initial examination. Large ulcer size (>14 mm2) was the main risk factor for needing penetrating keratoplasty. Of the eyes Candida infection, 66.5% needed evisceration. CONCLUSIONS: Large ulcer size and the isolation of Candida were poor prognostic factors related to the efficacy of intracameral amphotericin injection.
Administration, Oral ; Amphotericin B* ; Candida ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Odds Ratio ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Risk Factors* ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of oral sweet solutions in relieving pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1 to 12 months.

METHODSRelated databases were searched to find related randomized control trails (RCTs). The quality of these RCTs was evaluated. The Meta analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

RESULTSA total of 20 RCTs involving 2 376 infants were included, and quality assessment showed that 6 RCTs had grade A quality and 14 had grade B quality. The Meta analysis showed that compared with sterile water, 25%-75% oral sweet solution significantly reduced crying time (WMD=-21.16, 95%CI -39.66 to -2.77, P<0.05) and the proportion of crying time (the duration of crying /3-minute periods after the injection) (WMD=-13.83, 95%CI -20.88 to -6.78, P<0.01), while the crying time showed no significant difference between the group treated with oral administration of 12% sucrose solution and non-intervention group. Co

ONCLUSIONSOral sweet solution (25%-75%; 2 mL) given 2 minutes before vaccination can effectively relieve the pain caused by vaccination in infants aged 1-12 months.

Crying ; Humans ; Infant ; Pain ; prevention & control ; Solutions ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; Vaccination ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of the IgY solution on dental plaque and mutans Streptococci in plaque and in saliva.

METHODSA double-blind study was used. 44 school children at the third grade in test group used the IgY solution for 21 days; 41 children in control group used the placebo. The plaque index, the plaque weight, the level of mutans streptococci in saliva and in plaque were tested for all children.

RESULTSThe plaque weight in test group was (46.4 +/- 31.2) mg at baseline, and (36.6 +/- 25.6) mg at the end of the study (P = 0.007). The IgY solution reduced 21.1% plaque weight. Statistically significant differences for other indices were not shown in this study.

CONCLUSIONThe 0.1% IgY solution reduces the mass of plaque on the tooth surfaces.

Child ; Dental Plaque ; prevention & control ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; administration & dosage ; Solutions

OBJECTIVE: To determine the application of modified low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution in heart-lung transplantation. METHODS: We used the modified LPD as the lung flush solution of the donor in the first heart-lung transplantation procedure in Hunan. RESULTS: The patient survived 555 days after the surgery and severe infection, lung disfunction or severe graft rejection never occurred. CONCLUSION Modified LPD as lung flush solution of the donor during heart-lung transplantation demonstrates an excellent effect of lung protection.
Adult ; Dextrans ; administration & dosage ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; surgery ; Heart-Lung Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Organ Preservation Solutions ; Potassium ; administration & dosage

The present study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of a 0.4% carbomer gel and 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) containing artificial tears in treatment of dry eye patients. Sixty subjects with mean age of 45.89 years who had symptoms and signs of dry eye were enrolled in this prospective, investigator-masked and stratified random sampling study. The subjects were divided into two parallel groups with 30 subjects (60 eyes) in each group. One group received carbomer gel, and the other group received 1% CMC containing artificial tears. Subjects received the drops 3 to 4 times or more per day for 3 months. At the first visit time, the precorneal residence time of these two drops was measured. The efficacy was assessed by comparing the subjective symptoms (ocular dryness, foreign body sensation, burning sensation and pain), and the objective test results of tears breakup time, Schirmer's test and corneal fluorescein staining prior to the study and after the treatment. As a result, the ocular residence time of carbomer gel was significantly longer than that of 1% CMC (P<0.001). Most of the primary subjective symptoms and objective test results were improved after treatment in both carbomer gel group and 1% CMC group. As to the improvement of each symptom and objective test result, carbomer gel was more effective than 1% CMC group (P<0.01). In conclusion, carbomer gel had longer precorneal residence time and was more effective than 1% CMC in the treatment of patients with dry eyes.
Acrylic Resins/*administration & dosage ; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium/*administration & dosage ; Dry Eye Syndromes/*drug therapy ; Gels/*administration & dosage ; Ophthalmic Solutions/administration & dosage ; Prospective Studies

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Effective bowel preparation is essential for accurate diagnosis of colon disease. We investigated efficacy and safety of 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution with 90 mL sodium phosphate (NaP) solution compared with 4 L PEG method. METHODS: Between August 2009 and April 2010, 526 patients were enrolled who visited Seoul National University Bundang Hospital for colonoscopy. We allocated 249 patients to PEG 4 L group and 277 patients to PEG 2 L with NaP 90 mL group. Detailed questionnaires were performed to investigate compliance, satisfaction and preference of each method. Bowel preparation quality and segmental quality were evaluated. Success was defined as cecal intubation time less than 20 minutes without any help of supervisors. RESULTS: Both groups revealed almost the same baseline characteristics except the experience of operation. PEG 4 L group's compliance was lower than PEG 2 L with NaP 90 mL group. Success rate and cecal intubation time was not different between two groups. Overall bowel preparation quality of PEG 2 L with NaP 90 mL group was better than PEG 4 L group. Segmental bowel preparation quality of PEG 2 L with NaP 90 mL group was also better than PEG 4 L group in all segments, especially right side colon. Occurrence of hyperphosphatemia was higher in PEG 2 L with NaP 90 mL group than PEG 4 L group. However, significant adverse event was not reported. CONCLUSIONS: PEG 2 L with NaP 90 mL method seems to be more effective bowel preparation than PEG 4 L method.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Colonic Diseases/diagnosis ; Colonoscopy/*methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Patient Compliance ; Phosphates/*administration & dosage ; Polyethylene Glycols/*administration & dosage ; Questionnaires ; Solutions ; Therapeutic Irrigation

Female ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; Lymphomatoid Papulosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mechlorethamine ; administration & dosage ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; Solutions