The pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) encompasses a number of injurious processes, including an abnormal inflammatory response in the lungs to inhaled particles and gases. Other processes, such as failure to resolve inflammation, abnormal cell repair, apoptosis, abnormal cellular maintenance programs, extracellular matrix destruction (protease/antiprotease imbalance), and oxidative stress (oxidant/antioxidant imbalance) also have a role. The inflammatory responses to the inhalation of active and passive tobacco smoke and urban and rural air pollution are modified by genetic and epigenetic factors. The subsequent chronic inflammatory responses lead to mucus hypersecretion, airway remodeling, and alveolar destruction. This article provides an update on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of these processes in the pathogenesis of COPD. During the past decade a plethora of studies have unravelled the multiple roles of nitric oxide (NO) in airway physiology and pathophysiology. In the respiratory tract, NO is produced by a wide variety of cell types and is generated via oxidation ofL-arginine that is catalyzed by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). NOS exist in three distinct are forms: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO derived from the constitutive are forms of NOS (nNOS and eNOS) and other NO-adduct molecules (nitrosothiols) have been shown to be modulators of bronchomotor tone. On the other hand, NO derived from iNOS seems to be a proinflammatory mediator with immunomodulatory effects. Finally, the production of NO under oxidative stress conditions secondarily generates strong oxidizing agents (reactive nitrogen species) that may modulate the development of chronic inflammatory airway diseases and/or amplify the inflammatory response.

The one of advantages, new events, appeared at lasttime in the integration part of Traditional and Modern medicine is attempt, proposed by prof. M.Ambaga, which essence is devoted to how to transform a all disordered knowledge accumulated in the field of medical science in a ordered more understandable form as new definition of living cells, the new conception of describing of human body by 4 compartments. The electron transport chain still functions to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space, but the coupling of the proton gradient to ATP production is rendered impossible by DNP. As a result, ATP production is dramaticallyreduced, and the energy is instead thrown off as heat. DNP is lipophilic weak acids that therefore readily pass through membranes, they bind protons in the acidific side of the membrane-intermembrane spaces, diffuse through, and release them on the alkaline side-matrix side, thereby dissipating the proton gradient, metabolic rate is increased. Rotenone inhibits the oxidation of NADH to NAD, blocking the oxidation byNAD of substrates such as glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and pyruvate. Rotenone inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain between diphosphopyridine nucleotide and flavine.

The identification of individuals of predominant Rlung, Mkhis, badgan symbolic code quantativeratiotypes were carried out by our coworkers, a preliminary assessment of constitution type was carried out on a total of 81 volunteers, using subjective assessment and a screening questionnaire, many individuals were heterogeneous constitution type. Individuals with rlung symbolic code in the third compartment, consisting of visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats (the form of decrease of both visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats) were distinguished by more high value of redoxypontials i.e. in individuals with rlung symbolic code in the fourth compartment the contents of visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats were decreased in 1,73 fold and value of membrane MDA were increased in 2,57 fold, which are indicator of slowing of H+, e- flow because of relatively shortage of H+, e- donators and H+, e- acceptors. Individuals with badgan symbolic code in the third compartment, consisting of visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats (the form of increase of both visceral-alpha 10% fats and decrease of and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats) were distinguished by relatively high value of membrane MDA i.e. in individuals with badgan symbolic code in the third compartment the ratio of visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats were increased in 1,12 fold and value of membrane MDA were increased in 2,57 fold, which are indicator of slowing of H+, e- flow because of relatively shortage of H+, e- acceptors with relatively accumulation of H+, e- donators in the second compartment, consisting of serum glucose, LPHD, LPLD, Individuals with mkhris symbolic code in the third compartment, consisting of visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats (the form of decrease of both visceral-alpha 10% fats and increase of and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats) were distinguished by relatively low value of membrane MDA i.e. in individuals with mkhris symbolic code in the fourth compartment the ratio of visceral-alpha 10% fats and subcutaneous alpha 30% fats were decreased in 1,04 fold and value of membrane MDA were decreased in 1,48 fold, which are indicator of intensifying of H+,e- flow because of relatively optimal concentration of H+,e- acceptors with relatively rapid utilization of H+, e- donators in the second compartment, consisting of LPHD, LPLD, AO-SPOL.

BACKGROUND: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 10-15% of couples of reproductive age have infertility. According to researcher D. Sukhe (1999), hormonal infertility in the reproductive age of women was 33.6%, which was a large part of the cause of infertility. In recent years, the number of cases of endocrine disorders, including malignancy and sexually transmitted infections, has been increasing year by year. According to WHO reports, thyroid disorders have a prevalence of 49.3% for active reproductive age (30-50). According to the report of the Health Development Center in 2016, since the thyroid disorders are the second most common disease in endocrine gland disease, our study found that the infertility in reproductive age of women can be substantial due to the loss of thyroid gland. METHODS: The study was carried out by the couple of 20-45 year-olds and modeled as an analytical study model. The questionnaire was used for the couple’s interviews and some of the measurement of body and serum use of TOSOH Corporation AIA-360, Tokyo, Japan. On the serum, anti-TPO and аnti-TG carbohydrates are identified by the Cobas e-411 analyzer under the manufacturer’s accompanying protocol. RESULTS: 76.7% of women were diagnosed with infertility euthyroid, 0.7% hyperthyroidism, 22.6% hypothyroidism (3.8% with overt hypothyroidism and 18.8% subclinical hypothyroidism). Prevalence of TAI, in 6.7% isolated positive anti-Tg were found, and 14.3% had isolated positive TPO, In 3.7% of cases, both types of autoantibodies were present. We analysed binary logistic regression for anti-TPO and anti-TG autoantibody in the positive and negative group in past obstetrics history, evidence of positive of anti-TPO and anti-Tg was increased risk of miscarriage 2.2 times (OR = 2.2, p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Women with disorders in our study have high percentage of subclinical hypothyroidism and have higher rate of thyroid autobodies in serum which may be a problem for women with infertility and pregnancy complications due to the loss of thyroid gland. There is a need to develop a principle of recovery and treatment.

Background and Aims: The BALAD scores are developed to provide an objective determination of prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by incorporating five serum markers, namely albumin, bilirubin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), agglutinin-reactive alpha fetoprotein (AFP-L3), and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin. We aim to study the applicability of BALAD score and prognostication of the three tumor markers, albumin and bilirubin. Methods: Patients who were served by clinical laboratory were prospectively enrolled. All the baseline characteristics and serum albumin and bilirubin level were documented at base line. The levels of the three tumor markers (AFP, AFP-L3, and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin) were determined in serum samples. assays of AFP, AFP-L3, and DCP were conducted in the same serum sample by using a microchip capillary electrophoresis and liquid phase binding assay on a μTAS Wako i30 analyzer (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan). To detect albumin and bilirubin amount were using the cobas 6000 analyzer series that is a fully automated, software-controlled system for immunoassay and photometric analysis intended for qualitative and quantitative in vitro determinations. Results: A total of 103 patients who were served by clinical laboratory were recruited. AFP, albumin, bilirubin, DCP and AFP-L3 levels were independent prognostic factors. When the study participants evaluated BALAD scores, 45.63% scored 0 points, 28.16% scored 1 point, 10.68% scored 2 points, 8.74% scored 3 points, 3.88% scored 4 points, 1.94% 5 points, and 0.97% 7 points. Conclusion BALAD score is applicable in the population of hepatitis B and C virus related HCC. When AFP L3% increases by one unit, BALAD scores are 0.04 times higher (P=0.0001) that is presenting statistically significance.