Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; poisoning

It is well known that small dose of belladonna alkaloid(atropine, scopolarnine) has the effect of decreasing the heart rate in normal conscious subjects, but the mechanism involved in it remains still unanswered. Based on various lines of evidence, the most likely mechanism seems to be the blockade of sympathetic ganglion caused by the alkaloids and it is possible that the effect on the slower heart rate may differ in the depressed state of the sympathetic ganglion when under halothane anesthesia. The present study was undertaken, therefore, on comatose patients and halothane anesthetized patients with and without atropine premedication about 1 hour before anesthesia to observe the effect of a small dose of scopolamine(0.1 mg) which affects the heart rate more significantly than atropine in conscious subjects. The results were as follows: 1) In the comatose patients, scopolamine(0.1 mg) produced a significant decrease in heart rate. 2) During halothane anesthesia without atropine premedication, scopolamine produced a slight decrease in heart rate. 3) During halothane anesthesia with atropine premedication, scopolamine produced a significant increase in the heart rate. These results indicate that scopolamine can further affect the sympathetic ganglion already depressed by halothane, and it is suggested that scopolamine is more effective in blocking the sympathetic ganglion than halothane.
Alkaloids ; Anesthesia ; Atropa belladonna ; Atropine ; Coma ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Premedication ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide*

OBJECTIVEA new method for simultaneous determination of solasonine (1), solamargine (2) and khasianine (3) in Solanum Nigrum by reversed-phase HPLC was developed.

METHODThe samples were separated at 30 degrees C on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) column with acetonitrile-water-phosphoric as mobile phase. Flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was 205 nm.

RESULTThere was good linearity between the peak area and concentration at the ranges of 0.860-10.320 microg (r = 0.999 7), 0.726-8.710 microg (r = 0.999 7), 0.856-10.270 microg (r = 0.999 7) for 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The average recoveries of 1, 2 and 3 were 101.04%, 99.65%, 100.17%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is rapid, simple and accurate, and it can be used for the evaluation of Solanum Nigrum L.

Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Phytosterols ; chemistry ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Solanum nigrum ; chemistry

Angel's trumpet is a poisonous shrub recently imported to Korea for ornamental PURPOSE. It contains tropane alkaloids and the ingestion of any part of the plant can cause serious anticholinergic toxicity. Not only accidental ingestion, intentional intake as hallucinogen is not uncommon in the United States and Europe. We report a woman who ingested angel's trumpet by mistake and showed anticholinergic syndrome. The potential public medical harm of this widespread plant should be reported in the media, along with the associated dangers from misuse as a hallucinogen.
Alkaloids ; Datura ; Eating ; Europe ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Plants ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; United States

AIMTo establish a LC-MS(n) method for the identification of anisodamine and its metabolites in rat feces.

METHODSFeces samples were collected after single administration of 25 mg x kg(-1) anisodamine to rats, and dipped in water for 1 h. Samples were then extracted by ethyl acetate. The pretreated samples were separated on a reversed-phase C18 column using a mobile phase of methanol / 0.01% triethylamine (adjusted to pH 3.5 with formic acid) (60 : 40, v/v) and detected by LC-MS". Identification of the metabolites and elucidation of their structures were performed by comparing their changes in molecular masses (deltaM), retention-times and full scan MS(n) spectra with those of the parent drug and blank feces.

RESULTSThe parent drug and its seven metabolites (6beta-hydroxytropine, nor-6beta-hydroxytropine, aponoranisodamine, apoanisodamine, noranisodamine and hydroxyanisodamine, tropic acid) were found in rat feces.

CONCLUSIONThis method is sensitive, rapid, simple, effective, and suitable for the rapid identification of drug and its metabolites in biologic samples.

Animals ; Feces ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; analysis ; metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

OBJECTIVEUsing an experimental model of animals exposed to cold to evaluate the regulative effects of prazosin hydrochloride (Pra) and racanisodamine (Ani) on extremital skin temperature of rats and mice.

METHODSEighty animals were randomly divided into eight groups according to the drug dosage. After been administered with drugs by intragastric at room temperature for 60 min, the animals were moved into specified temperature (5 degrees C,18 degrees C) environment and the skin temperatures at the 1/3 site at the proximal end of tail were measured by infrared camera on 180 min and 300 min. Effects of drug were evaluated by changes in tail skin temperatures.

RESULTSPra and Ani combination raised the extremital skin temperature of experimental animals significantly in a dose-dependent manner, while single use of Pra was not potent to rats and less potent to mice, and single use of Ani could not raise extremital skin temperature of both rats and mice. Change of rectal temperature in mice showed that Pra and Ani combination did not affect core temperature.

CONCLUSIONPra and Ani combination could significantly raise extremital skin temperature of rats and mice exposed to cold, and would not affect their core (rectal) temperature.

Animals ; Body Temperature ; Cold Temperature ; Mice ; Prazosin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Skin Temperature ; drug effects ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; pharmacology

Atropa belladonna is a medicinal plant and main commercial source of tropane alkaloids (TAs) including scopolamine and hyoscyamine, which are anticholine drugs widely used clinically. Based on the high throughput transcriptome sequencing results, the digital expression patterns of UniGenes representing 9 structural genes (ODC, ADC, AIH, CPA, SPDS, PMT, CYP80F1, H6H, TRII) involved in TAs biosynthesis were constructed, and simultaneously expression analysis of 4 released genes in NCBI (PMT, CYP80F1, H6H, TRII) for verification was performed using qPCR, as well as the TAs contents detection in 8 different tissues. Digital expression patterns results suggested that the 4 genes including ODC, ADC, AIH and CPA involved in the upstream pathway of TAs, and the 2 branch pathway genes including SPDS and TRII were found to be expressed in all the detected tissues with high expression level in secondary root. While the 3 TAs-pathway-specific genes including PMT, CYP80F1, H6H were only expressed in secondary roots and primary roots, mainly in secondary roots. The qPCR detection results of PMT, CYP80F1 and H6H were consistent with the digital expression patterns, but their expression levels in primary root were too low to be detected. The highest content of hyoscyamine was found in tender stems (3.364 mg x g(-1)), followed by tender leaves (1.526 mg x g(-1)), roots (1.598 mg x g(-1)), young fruits (1.271 mg x g(-1)) and fruit sepals (1.413 mg x g(-1)). The highest content of scopolamine was detected in fruit sepals (1.003 mg x g(-1)), then followed by tender stems (0.600 mg x g(-1)) and tender leaves (0.601 mg x g(-1)). Both old stems and old leaves had the lowest content of hyoscyamine and scopolamine. The gene expression profile and TAs accumulation indicated that TAs in Atropa belladonna were mainly biosynthesized in secondary root, and then transported and deposited in tender aerial parts. Screening Atropa belladonna secondary root transcriptome database will facilitate unveiling the unknown enzymatic reactions and the mechanisms of transcriptional control.
Alkaloids ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; metabolism ; Atropa belladonna ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; genetics ; Hyoscyamine ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide ; metabolism ; Tropanes ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo extract and purify of solamargine from Solanum nigrum, and to research its antineoplastic effects.

METHODS. nigrum was extracted refluently with 80% alcohol, solamargine was purified with silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, and then conducted its structure identification and purity checks. Screened the effect on human tumor cell groth inhibition in vitro by MTT assay, and researched on the features in mice with H22 liver cancer or Ehrlich ascites tumor of solamargine.

RESULTThe concent of solamargine reached 97.9%. Solamargine had significantly inhibition on 6 tumor cells in vitro, and it had significantly inhibition on mice with H22 liver cancer or ehrlich ascites tumor in the 2.4 mg x kg(-1) dose of i.v.

CONCLUSIONSolamargine have the antineoplastic effect.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; isolation & purification ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

Administration, Intravenous ; Angina Pectoris, Variant ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

1) Atropine and scopolamine in doses of 0. 05, 0. 1, 0, 15, 0. 2 and 0. 25 mg produced bradycardia in humans. 2) The bradycardia induced by 0. 05 and 0, 1 mg of atropine was restored to normal rhythm by 0. 2 and 0. 15 mg of atropine, respectively. 3) The bradycardia induced by 0. 05 and 0. 1 mg of scopolamine was reversed to tachycardia by 0. 2 and 0. 15 mg of scopolamine, respectively. 4) The scopolamine(0.05mg) induced bradycardia was restored to normal rhythm by atropine 0.15 mg and reversed to tachycardia by atropine 0.2mg 5) The atropine(0.1 mg) induced bradycardia was partially restored by scopolamine 0.15 and 0. 2 mg. 6) It was argued that these results were not explainable by a central vagal effect of a direct effect of atropine and scopolamine on the heart but explainable by the blocking effect of these drugs to the sympathetic ganglia.
Atropine* ; Bradycardia* ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Heart ; Humans ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide* ; Tachycardia