PURPOSE:Recent studies proposed that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of the omega6 series (linoleic acid, LA) compared to the omega 3 series (linolenic acid, LNA) may be a potent promoters of adipogenesis during the gestation/lactation period. Increased ratio of LA/LNA may stimulate adipose tissue development during gestation/lactation period and may subsequently lead to chilhood obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate fatty acids composition of the breast milk in Korean lactating women and to analyze the relationship between LA/LNA and the body weight gain of the infants. METHODS:Fifty eight healthy postpartum lactating women and their healthy 58 breast feeding infants were studied. At 11.3+/-3.9 days of postpartum, breast milk were taken and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography with one-step methylation method. RESULTS:The total fat contents in breast milk were 3.2+/-1.3%. The total fat contents in breast milk were not related to maternal BMI or Kaup index of infants. The percentage of PUFA was 24.9+/-6.0%. Among these PUFA, the percentage of LA and LNA was 20.3+/-5.8% and 2.2+/-0.8%, respectively. LA/ LNA ratio was 10.2+/-2.5. There were no significant correlations between LA/LNA ratio and infant weight gain during the first 2 months of life. CONCLUSION: Short term weight gain of infant was not related to the LA/LNA ratio in the breast milk. Further studies on the long term effects on fat percent and body weight of infants would be needed.
Adipogenesis ; Adipose Tissue ; alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Body Weight* ; Breast Feeding ; Breast* ; Chromatography, Gas ; Fatty Acids* ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ; Female ; Humans ; Infant* ; Linoleic Acid ; Methylation ; Milk, Human* ; Obesity ; Postpartum Period ; Weight Gain

OBJECTS: Thls study was designed to assess muscle tensions while working at a YDT workstation with surface electromyography (SEMG). METHODS: Variables texted were desk height, monitor positon on the desk, distance from edge of the desk to the keyboard. Eleven female volunteers working in the tele-com munication company were seated at an ergonomically adjusted workstation. They were assigned to a task of typing for 5 minutes and were given a 10 minutes resting with hands in their lap. For the initial experiment, the desk height was fixed to standard desk height(65.0 cm) recommended by ANSI and latter adjusted to a higher desk height (72.8 cm) for this study such that the subjects experienced slight elevation of shoulders. The monitor position initially at the center on the desk and latter left site of the desk (45o from monitorneck axles). The keyboard was positioned to an optimal distance (15 cm from the desk edge) and an abnormal distance (30 cm). Five muscle groups (paraspinal muscles, upper trapezium muscle, supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, and rhomboid muscle) were selected for the study. The data of SEMG were analyzed by 2x2x2xs mixed factorial design. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1. SEMG activity recorded from the paraspinal muscles were significantly higher when the angle of the monitor adjusted to 45 degree from the center of the desk.. 2. SEMG activity recorded from the upper trapezius/supraspinatus/infraspinatus muscles were significantly higher when the hight of the desk was elevated from the recommended height.3. SEMG activity from the rhomboid muscle showed no significantiy difference in all test conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The results of thls study confirm that the helght of a VDT workstation and the angle of the monitor are risk factors of upper extremity cumulative trauma disorders. Also SEMG would be useful for measuring muscle activities during workstation assessment.
Cumulative Trauma Disorders ; Electromyography* ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Muscles ; Paraspinal Muscles ; Risk Factors ; Shoulder ; Upper Extremity ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Immunoglobulin G* ; Immunoglobulin M*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans

Since patients who have suffered from strokes have chronic health problems, the development of a protocol for home care nursing is required. Therefore, this study was done to test the effects of such a protocol on stroke patients. This study was conducted by using a single group pre-post design. The subjects for the study were 13 home care nurses and 30 home care patients who had a stroke. Data collection was done from October 1997 to February 1998. The collected data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired t-test and the results were as follows : 1. The first hypothesis that "working satisfaction of home nurses would be higher after using the home care protocol" was supported. 2. The second hypothesis that "patients" satisfaction would be higher after using the home care protocol" was rejected. 3. The third hypothesis that "the level of ADL of patients would be higher after using the home care protocol" was supported. In conclusion, by using a home care protocol, the satisfaction of nurses' work and the ADL of patients increased, and the patients' satisfaction also increased without statistical significance. The above results confirm that the application of a home care protocol is very effective. Thus, this protocol can be helpful in the quality care of stroke patients. Therefore, developing and organizing protocols, according to health problem, can be useful for beginner nurses who interact with high risk patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Data Collection ; Home Care Services* ; Humans ; Nurses, Community Health ; Nursing Care* ; Nursing* ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: It is difficult at times to differentiate between a papillary carcinoma and benign papilloma of the breast, and papillomas can undergo malignant transformation. The authors investigated the expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 to assess the diagnostic value of these markers in distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast, and in determining the clinical relevance of these markers as prognostic predictors. METHODS: The medical records of 38 patients treated for benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital between January 1992 and December 1997 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 and MIB-1 were performed in 30 cases of papilloma and eight cases of papillary carcinoma of the breast. The authors performed a statistical analysis of the relationship between cyclin D1 and MIB-1 with respect to the size of tumors, pathologic lymph nodes, and postsurgical residual lesions, and the recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS: Breast cancer or ADH was associated with six cases (15.79%) of papillary lesions of the breast. The incidence of postsurgical residual lesions and their recurrence were 2.63% and 2.63% in all the patients with papillary lesions of the breast. The labeling index of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in the eight papillary carcinomas (36.7+/-27.0) than in the 30 papillomas (3.5+/-4.2) (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference betweenn the MIB-1 labeling index of the eight papillary carcinomas (4.9+/-5.9) and that of the 30 papillomas (0.4+/-1.4) (P=0.0225). The cyclin D1 and MIB-1 expressions of the single intraductalpapillomas and multiple papillomas were not different. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in the eight papillary carcinomas with respect to the associated pathologies, size, positive lymph nodes, recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cyclin D1 and MIB-1 might be useful markers for distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Coloring Agents ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Papilloma ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

Extensive clinical research has demonstrated that the 585-nm pulsed dye laser(PDL) is effective in eradicating port-wine stains(PWS) and telangiectasia with an extremely low incidence of scarring. The successful treatment of laser therapy is based on selective photothermolysis of blood vessels without damaging the normal overlying epidermis. Unfortunately, the native epidermal melanin acts as an optical shield that absorbs the laser light and reduces the heat generated in blood vessels. When melanin absorbs laser light, the resultant temperature increase can induce epidermal blistering. In these patients, the laser treatment dosages must be kept low, often subtherapeutic, to avoid damage to the epidermis and to prevent the possibility of scarring. Cryogen spray cooling of skin may be an effective method for minimizing epidermal thermal injury. The objective of this study is to determine histologically the effectiveness of the cryogen cooling by spraying the skin with a brief spurt of cryogen prior to the laser pulse, so as to reduce epidermal damage (hypo/hyperpigmentation) caused by this laser. We present a histologic study of the thermal response of the skin of the Sprague-Dawley rats to spray cooling in conjunction with 585-nm pulsed dye laser irradiation with 6J/cm. Both treatment sites with and without the use of the cryogen spray were compared. Under light microscope, the epidermal and dermal histologic changes were compared. A significant reduction in epidermal damage was found in study groups using the cryogen cooling without changing the efficacy of the laser treatment statistically. And a significant reduction in healing periods was observed in study groups using the cryogen cooling prior to the laser pulse. This study suggests that cryogen cooling can reduce epidermal damage during PWS treatment with the 585-nm PDL without reducing treatment efficacy. The absence of epidermal damage suggests that precooling with the cryogen may allow the use of higher laser input to expedite clearance without inducing epidermal change.
Blister ; Blood Vessels ; Cicatrix ; Epidermis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laser Therapy ; Lasers, Dye* ; Melanins ; Port-Wine Stain ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; Telangiectasis ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: It is difficult at times to differentiate between a papillary carcinoma and benign papilloma of the breast, and papillomas can undergo malignant transformation. The authors investigated the expression of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 to assess the diagnostic value of these markers in distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast, and in determining the clinical relevance of these markers as prognostic predictors. METHODS: The medical records of 38 patients treated for benign and malignant papillary lesions of the breast at Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital between January 1992 and December 1997 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical stains for cyclin D1 and MIB-1 were performed in 30 cases of papilloma and eight cases of papillary carcinoma of the breast. The authors performed a statistical analysis of the relationship between cyclin D1 and MIB-1 with respect to the size of tumors, pathologic lymph nodes, and postsurgical residual lesions, and the recurrence and survival rates. RESULTS: Breast cancer or ADH was associated with six cases (15.79%) of papillary lesions of the breast. The incidence of postsurgical residual lesions and their recurrence were 2.63% and 2.63% in all the patients with papillary lesions of the breast. The labeling index of cyclin D1 was significantly higher in the eight papillary carcinomas (36.7+/-27.0) than in the 30 papillomas (3.5+/-4.2) (P=0.001). There was a statistically significant difference betweenn the MIB-1 labeling index of the eight papillary carcinomas (4.9+/-5.9) and that of the 30 papillomas (0.4+/-1.4) (P=0.0225). The cyclin D1 and MIB-1 expressions of the single intraductal papillomas and multiple papillomas were not different. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference of cyclin D1 and MIB-1 in the eight papillary carcinomas with respect to the associated pathologies, size, positive lymph nodes, recurrence or survival. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cyclin D1 and MIB-1 might be useful markers for distinguishing papillary carcinomas from papillomas of the breast.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Busan ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Coloring Agents ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Medical Records ; Papilloma ; Papilloma, Intraductal ; Pathology ; Recurrence ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: Lawn trimmers are widely used to cut the weeds around graves in South Korea, but they can cause ocular injury. We investigate at the emergency room the incidence and the clinical features of ocular trauma induced by lawn trimmers. METHODS: The authors analyzed 106 patients who visited Konyang University Hospital's emergency room from March 1, 2007, to October 31, 2011, because of ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer. Patients were sorted into two groups, severe ocular injury and mild ocular injury. RESULTS: Over a 5-year period, 106 patients with ocular trauma caused by a lawn trimmer underwent clinical study. Most of the patient (103 patients) were males, and the average age of the patients was 51.75+/-11.66 years. The incidence of ocular trauma peaked in the sixth decade of life. Most injuries occurred between July and September. Severe ocular injury developed in 46.2% of all patients. As age increased, so did the severity of the ocular injury. The impacting object was a small stone in 43.4% of all patients. Nobody wore protective gear. The most common diagnosis were corneal abrasion, followed by intraocular foreign body, corneal laceration, and sclera laceration. Fifty-four patients were followed up, and thirty-six patients of them had severe injury. The most common complication was a traumatic cataract. CONCLUSION: Ocular trauma induced by a lawn trimmer is more severe than general ocular trauma. We suggest that everyone using a lawn trimmer should wear protective gear and follow safety guidelines.
Cataract ; Emergencies ; Eye Foreign Bodies ; Eye Injuries ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lacerations ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Sclera

A 29 year old man without any noticeable past or familial history presented with left ACA and MCA territorial hemorrhagic infarction after consuming an overdose of disulfiram in a drunken state. This hemorrhagic infarction was thought to be caused by cardiac embolism, which developed following cardiac arrhythmia and cardiac injury induced by O form acceptor reductase associated with disulfiram poisoning. (J Korean Neurol Assoc 19(3):294~297, 2001)
Adult ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Disulfiram* ; Embolism ; Humans ; Infarction ; Oxidoreductases ; Poisoning*