No abstract available.
Adult* ; Growth Hormone* ; Humans

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to find the differences in physical activity according to general characteristics and factors related to physical activity between the elderly over 65 with hypertension living rural and urban areas. METHODS: This study included 681 participants (221 rural, 460 urban) with hypertension from The Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V). The collected data were analyzed through an chi2-test to examine the differences in physical activity and multiple logistic regression to assess factors related to physical activity between the elderly over 65 with hypertension living rural and urban areas. RESULTS: The significant statistical factors related with physical activities for the urban hypertension group were education level, activities of daily living, and quality of life. However, the related factors for rural residents were activities of daily living and limitation of activity. CONCLUSIONS: The study results indicated that the factors that affected the level of physical activity revealed difference in case hypertension between the urban and rural groups. An awareness of the importance of physical activity will have a positive influence on improving the physical function and quality of life for elderly people with hypertension.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged* ; Education ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Motor Activity* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Quality of Life

Benign tumors of the esophagus occur rarely as compared with the incidence of carcinomas. Among the benign tumors of the esophagus such as leiomyoma, lipoma, hemangioma, papilioma. polyp, cystetc. leiomyoma is the most common, although less than 10 percents of leiomyomas of the gastrointestinal tract are found in the esophagus. Most of leiomyomas of the esophagus present as solitary lesions but multiple tumors occur in about 4 percents of cases. Leiomyomas of the esophagus are diagnosed by thorough clinical evaluation, esophagogram and upper gastrofiberscopic examination but histological confirmation requires surgical or necropsy specimens. Occasionally gastrofiberscopic polypectomized specimens are used. We report one case of multiple leiomyomas of the esophagus located in between 25 cm and 40 cm distance from the incisor in a 38-year-old man who complained of vague substernal discomfort for about 10 years. Gastrofiberscopic polypectomized specimen was used for preoperative histological confirmation. The pathologic examination of the specimen showed leiomyoma of the esophagus.
Adult ; Esophagus* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Incidence ; Incisor ; Leiomyoma* ; Lipoma ; Polyps

A total of 605 implant fixture prosthesis delivered by 3 clinics and 2 laboratories were examined in this study. The object of this study was to determine the proper length of screw head. The depth of access hole were measured and compared to the type of fixture, abutment, gold screw and prosthesis. The results were as follows: 1. The average number of fixtures per patient were 2.97. 2. The number of fixture installed in the lower posterior area are 327(55.56 %), the upper posterior area 171(28.25%). 3. The depth of access hole is 4.23 mm in shallow area, and 5.46 mm in deep area and the differences were 1.23 mm. 4. The average depth of the aceess hole of the UCLA abutment were 5.02 mm. 5. The number of 4-5 mm access hole depth were 60(22.39%)in abutment screw level and the number of 4-5 mm depth in fixture level were 101(29.19%). 6. In the shape of screw head, hexed type were 576(95.21%), slotted type were 29(4.79%).
Head ; Humans ; Prostheses and Implants

PURPOSE: This study was a descriptive survey research to compare and to examine the levels of health status, depression, and quality of life between the elderly living with family and the elderly living alone, the relations among the factors. METHODS: Subjects were the 441 elderly over 65 years old(243 elderly living with family; 198 elderly living alone) in Seoul and Gyung-gi province. Data were collected from January to March, 2007. Collected data were analyzed through SAS/PC 11.0 version. RESULTS: First, the health status and quality of life in the elderly living with family were higher than them in the elderly living alone. Also depression in the elderly living with family was lower than that in the elderly living alone. Second, in all elderly there was positive correlation between health status and depression. There were negative correlations between health status and quality of life, and between depression and quality of life. Third, the economic environments in all elderly did effect to the health status, depression, and quality of life. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, it's requested a special attention of the current job level or interpersonal relationship of older people.
Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therpy on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis. METHOD: The study was designed using a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects consisted of 36 patients (Experimental group: 18, Control group: 18) who received hemodialysis in three hospitals located in Seoul. The measures were a Music Preference Questionnaire (MPQ), anxiety measurement, and depression measurement. Data was collected from December 26, 2004 to April 2, 2005 through questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed by the SPSS 10.0 program. RESULT: The first hypothesis that patients undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less anxiety than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was supported (F=8.05, p=.008). The second hypothesis that patient undergoing hemodialysis who received music therapy would have less depression than patients undergoing hemodialysis who did not receive music therapy was supported(F=11.86, p=.002). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that music therapy may be applied as a method of nursing intervention contributing to the improvement of quality life by reducing their anxiety and depression of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Adult ; Anxiety/etiology/*prevention & control ; Depression/etiology/*prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Music Therapy/*methods ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Relaxation Therapy ; Renal Dialysis/*psychology

Numerous reports have documented cardiac arrhythmias in animals and man during halothane anesthesia, Cardiac arrhythmia may occur regularly with halothane anesthesia, being related to several factors; fright, overdoasge of atropine, surgical stimvlation in light anesthesia, hypercapnia and intravenous injection of epinephrine. The authors experienced a case of severe cardiac arrhythmia induced by fialothane anesthesia and treated by change of anesthetic agent to ether.
Anesthesia* ; Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac* ; Atropine ; Epinephrine ; Ether ; Halothane* ; Hypercapnia ; Injections, Intravenous

Hyperthyroidism is a well known cause of atrial fibrillation. It is also known that control of hyperthyroidism can usually curb thyrotoxic atrial fibrillation and restore sinus rhythm. In this study, 282 patients with hyperthyroidism were investigated to quantify the incidence of atrial fibrillation, and to identify the vulnerable groups. In addition, we compared two groups of subjects with atrial fibrillation-one group with hyperthyroidism and the other group without
Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Incidence ; Male ; Sex Ratio ; Thyroid Gland

No abstract available.
Technetium Tc 99m Disofenin*

BACKGROUND: Infracochlear approach indroduced by Ghorayeb et al. in 1988, was performed to reach the petrous apex with the canal wall-down procedure. Giddings et al. described the transcanal infracochlear approach preserving the posterior wall of the external auditory canal for treatment of the cholesterol granuloma in the petrous apex in 1991. OBJECTIVES: Surgical anatomy for the infracochlear approach to the petrous apex was reviewed in order to understand clinical applicability of this approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was performed using 20 human cadaveric temporal bones by the microscopic dissection. Measurements were obtained between different structures to find reliable angles and distances to guide working in the petrous apex region. RESULTS: The petrous apex was entered through the fenestra between the cochlea, carotid, and jugular bulb. The mean area of the fenestrae was 11.7+/-5.5mm2. The distance from the vertical segment of the facial nerve to the petrous apex was 25.3+/-2.4mm. The angle of the approach to the petrous apex was 37.3+/-5.1degrees to the axis of the internal auditory canal. CONCLUSION: The infracochlear approach could be used to obtain the route for a drainage procedure or a biopsy at the petrous apex without damaging hearing organs and major vessels. The canal-down procedure was needed to assess the petrous apex successfully.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Biopsy ; Cadaver ; Cholesterol ; Cochlea ; Drainage ; Ear Canal ; Facial Nerve ; Granuloma ; Hearing ; Humans ; Temporal Bone