Aims: The former Mamut Copper Mine, acid mine drainage site represents an anthropogenic altered landscape characterized by its acidic topsoil which is contaminated primarily with copper. Even though the mining operation was ceased at 1999, the bacterial diversity in this area has never been investigated. This study was conducted to ascertain the bacterial diversity of this abandoned copper mine and correlate it to the copper concentration in the soil. Methodology and results: Soil samples were collected from 7 sites near the mine pit and the vicinity. Soil samples were assessed for soil copper elemental concentration using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and bacteria were isolated via serial dilution followed by culture on nutrient agar plates. Phylogenetic analysis was done based on the full-length sequences of 16S rRNA gene. Twenty-four phylotypes were obtained from the 7 locations which originated from the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. The results of the study indicated that site 2 (6.030223°; 116.658030°), located in between the mine pit and the mine factory with a copper concentration of 88.96 ppm, possessed the most diverse bacterial community with a Shannon diversity index (H) of 1.68, evenness (EH) of 0.94 and richness (S) of 6. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Current study revealed that there was a positive correlation between the copper concentration and the H index and the richness, but this was not reflected in the evenness. This is the first report of bacterial diversity from the former Mamut Copper Mine site. The data provided a valuable insight for the future monitoring of the bacterial community in this ecologically important niche.
Soil Microbiology

Bioremediation is considered as a cost-effective, efficient and free-of-secondary-pollution technology for petroleum pollution remediation. Due to the limitation of soil environmental conditions and the nature of petroleum pollutants, the insufficient number and the low growth rate of indigenous petroleum-degrading microorganisms in soil lead to long remediation cycle and poor remediation efficiency. Bioaugmentation can effectively improve the biodegradation efficiency. By supplying functional microbes or microbial consortia, immobilized microbes, surfactants and growth substrates, the remediation effect of indigenous microorganisms on petroleum pollutants in soil can be boosted. This article summarizes the reported petroleum-degrading microbes and the main factors influencing microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated soil. Moreover, this article discusses a variety of effective strategies to enhance the bioremediation efficiency, as well as future directions of bioaugmentation strategies.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Petroleum ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants

With continuous improvement of people's living standards, great efforts have been paid to environmental protection. Among those environmental issues, soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons has received widespread concerns due to the persistence and the degradation difficulty of the pollutants. Among the various remediation technologies, in-situ microbial remediation enhancement technologies have become the current hotspot because of its low cost, environmental friendliness, and in-situ availability. This review summarizes several in-situ microbial remediation technologies such as bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and integrated remediation, as well as their engineering applications, providing references for the selection of in-situ bioremediation technologies in engineering applications. Moreover, this review discusses future research directions in this area.
Biodegradation, Environmental ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons ; Petroleum ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil Pollutants

The Cd stress of Chrysanthemum indicum was treated by different concentrations of Cd Cl2 solution in the culture substrate. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum and the content of buddleoside and the total flavonoids in Ch. indicum were determined. The absorption characteristics of Cd elements in Ch. indicum were analyzed. And the influence of Cd elements on the quality of the herbs. The results showed that the application of soil Cd in the range of 0-100 mg·kg~(-1) had no significant effect on the biomass of Ch. indicum,and the root-shoot ratio showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing trend. The content of Cd in different parts of Ch. indicum was significantly different,and the content of aboveground part was higher than that of underground part. The enrichment factors of Cd elements in different parts of Ch. indicum are different. The enrichment coefficient of aboveground parts is larger than that of underground parts. The whole parts and plants show an increase first and then decrease,and the overall enrichment factor is greater than1. The transfer coefficient of the aerial part/underground part of Ch. indicum showed a decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing trend with the increase of the amount of Cd applied in the soil,and the transfer coefficient was higher than 1. The contents of buddleoside and total flavonoids in Ch. indicum after Cd stress treatment were lower than the control,and the overall performance was lower and then increased,but it was still significantly lower than the control,indicating that Cd pollution directly led to the decrease of chemical quality of Ch. indicum.
Cadmium ; Chrysanthemum ; Flavonoids ; Soil ; Soil Pollutants

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.
Atractylodes ; Bacteria ; Rhizosphere ; Soil ; Soil Microbiology

No abstract available.
Environmental Pollution* ; Soil*

Background: Each of the zone there has a different context for soil-transmitted helminth disease to exist and develop. Objectives: (1) To define the soil-transmitted helminth infection prevalence situation. (2) To define knowledge and practice about soil-transmitted helminth diseases prevention in Ea Tieu commune. Subject and method: The Ede ethnic population community lives in Ea Tieu and using a cross-sectional study. Results and conclusions: Ea Tieu commune, Krong Ana district, Daklak province, that has rather high soil-transmitted helminth general prevalence about 74.1 %, the highest prevalence is Ascaris lumbricoides infection, about 53.7%, next is hookworm with 38.4%, and the lowest is Trichuris trichiura with 1.3%. The Ascaris lumbricoides infection prevalence is not that different between age group (2 - 15: 58.98% in comparison with over 16: 50.87%) and hookworm infection prevalence was different between two age group that are 2-15: 6.05% which is lower than over 16: 55.99%. Average of intensity infection (average of eggs per gram of faeces) belongs to low intensity infection. Knowledge and practice about worm infection prevention of Ede ethnic in Ea Tieu is very low: 29.8% people does not rightly know of any harm, 24.6% people know one of the reasons is because of unclean food, 16.3% and another reason because of unclean hands with 16.3%, only 6.1 % people know the reason for hookworm infection.
Soil-transmitted helminth infection

A trial on breeding the perionyx excavalus for treating the organic waste in Biomedical Center of the University for Teachers showed that at the ratio of perionyx excavalus / organic waste (1%) and after 45-60 days, the organic waste was treated by perionyx excavalus to become the humus. The breeding of perionyx excavalus met both needs of biological degeneration and hygiene. In addition to the composted humus was a resource of good organic fertilizer for agricultural and ecological sustainable development.
Breeding ; Soil ; Hygiene ; therapeutics

Soil samples were collected in the provinces of Hai Duong and Thanh Hoa, and in Ha Noi, Da Lat and Sapa cities. Each sample was taken from 9 spots of soil situated on 2 diagonals, that were mixed together. The chemical composition of the soil varied widely in different ecological areas. All the samples of soil showed light acid reaction, while those taken from Sapa (province of Lao Cai) were the most acid. Ha Noi soil samples were neutral. Almost soil samples were poor in total N, P and K, except that of Sapa, which was rich in N, while samples taken from Ha Noi and Thanh Hoa were the poorest. The total amount of P and K varied from poor to medium.
Plants, Medicinal ; Plants ; Soil

Yersinia pestis is the cause for the acute infection and may be chosen for biological terrorism. Rapid diagnosis of this agent from infected soil - water is essential. Y. pestis habours 3 specific plasmids providing virulent factors to the bacterium. Objectives: (1) Testing the sensitivity and accurateness of PCR for Y. pestis. (2) Carrying out PCR using total genomic DNA serially diluted as a template. (3) Undertaking PCR on artificical experimentation by diluting Y. pestis in soil water as samples to test PCR based fast diagnostic approach. Methods: Yersinia pestis (inactivated) was used. Genomic DNA was extracted by DNeasy kit (Qiagen Inc). Using primer - pairs PLAF - PLAR (binding on pia gene of plasmid pPCP1) a specific product of PCR was 480 bp. After determination of the PCR sensitivity, a molecular based diagnostic kit was developed. Sensitivity and specificity of this kit was tested by PCR using diluted genomic DNA and bacterium itself; and mix of these templates in water and soil as samples. Results: With the diluted genomic DNA, it was successful to obtain specific PCR with 0.6ng template, which is equal to a single bacterium. Additionally, successful PCR amplification was obtained using the whole bacterium (without extraction of genomic DNA) and diluted quantity ranging from 101 to 102. Based on these results, the bacterium was artificially diluted with sample of soil - water as a natural isolate for PCR amplification. Conclusions: Evidently, approach for PCR-based diagnostic kit was successfully carried out from any template including soil - water samples with high fidelity, using the pia gene genetic marker of pPCR of Y. pestis.
Yersinia ; Water ; Soil