PURPOSE: This study was done to compare factors influencing children's self-esteem between two parent families and single parent families. METHODS: The participants were 692 children aged 11 to 13 yr (388 in two parent families and 304 in single parent families) recruited from 20 community agencies and 5 elementary schools in Gyeonggi Province and Seoul City, South Korea. Data were collected from May to July, 2007 using a survey questionnaire containing items on self-esteem, internal control, problematic behavior, school record, family hardiness, parent-child communication and social support. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 program and factors affecting children's self-esteem were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Scores for the study variables were significantly different between the two groups. The factors influencing children's self-esteem were also different according to family type. For two parent families, internal control, problematic behavior, school record, and parent-child communication significantly predicted the level of self-esteem (adjusted R2=.505, p<.001). For single parent families, social support, family hardiness, internal control, problematic behavior, school record, and parent-child communication significantly predicted the level of self-esteem (adjusted R2=.444, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Nurse working with children should consider family type-specific factors influencing their self-esteem.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Child ; Child Behavior ; Communication ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parent-Child Relations ; Questionnaires ; *Self Concept ; *Single-Parent Family ; Social Support

PURPOSE: This study was to examine the effect of morning stretching on depression and motivation of rehabilitation for stroke patients. METHOD: Design of this study was noneqivalent control pre-test post-test design. Subjects were total 62 patients (Experimental: 30 subjects, Control: 32 subjects) being hospitalized for stroke in a national medical center. Measures were CES-D for depression and PAREMO for motivation of rehabilitation. Data were collected from 1st March to 30th July, 2004. Data have been processed using SPSS/WIN 11.0. RESULTS: The results of this study were as followings: 1) Experimental group was showed lower level of depression than that of control group (t=8.934, P=.000). 2) Experimental group was showed higher motivation of rehabilitation than control group (t=-12.43, P=.000). CONCLUSION: As a result, it was confirmed that morning stretching which was intervened in this study was one of the nursing intervention that lowers the level of depression and promotes motivation of rehabilitation for stroke patients, that helps to improve their psychological and mental problems.
Depression* ; Humans ; Motivation* ; Nursing ; Rehabilitation* ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The study was done to identify factors influencing the sleep of elderly women. METHODS: Data were collected by questionnaires from 203 elderly women in Seoul and Gyeong-gi province. Measures were physical health state, family support, life satisfaction, sleep, depression, and quality of life. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 13.0 version. RESULTS: The mean score for sleep for elderly women was 39.04. Sleep for elderly women according to religion, education level, spouses, and monthly income showed significant differences. Sleep for elderly women showed significantly positive correlations to physical health state, family support, life satisfaction, and quality of life. The significant factors influencing sleep of elderly women were physical health state, family support, depression, and quality of life, which explained about 70.4% of the variance. The strongest factors influencing the sleep was physical health state. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that in developing nursing interventions and practice for sleep pattern of elderly women spouses and family support should be considered.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Depression ; Family Relations ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; *Sleep ; Women/*psychology

PURPOSE: This study was to compare and examine the effects of auricular acupressure therapy on insomnia in the elderly by Sasangin constitution. METHODS: This study was designed to compare three groups according to Sasangin constitution (Tae Yin In, So Yang In, and So Yin In) in terms of the changeful effects of auricular acupressure therapy on insomnia in the elderly. The subjects were 81 (Tae Yin In: 28, So Yang In: 26, and So Yin In: 27) persons aged over 65 years who were living in Seoul or Gyunggi Province. Data were collected from May, 2007 to July, 2008, and analyzed by SPSS/WIN 16.0. RESULTS: 1. The effect of auricular acupressure on insomnia in Tae Yin In was higher than that in So Yang In, and its effect in So Yang In was higher than that in So Yin In. 2. The effect was highest after the 4th treatment in Tae Yin In, after the 5th treatment in So Yang In, and after the 6th treatment in So Yin In. CONCLUSIONS: The use of auricular acupressure therapy in consideration of individual elders' Sasangin constitution can maximize its effect to relieve insomnia in the elderly.
Acupressure* ; Acupuncture ; Aged* ; Constitution and Bylaws* ; Humans ; Seoul ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

PURPOSE: This study was to examine effects of muscle electric stimulation on chronic knee pain, activities of daily living, and living satisfaction for Korean elderly women. METHODS: The design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest study. Subjects were 60 (experimental: 30, control: 30) elderly women 65 years old or above with good orientation and communication. The experimental treatment was electric stimulation on both thigh quadriceps muscles for 15 minutes per time, 3 times per week, for a total of 12 weeks. Measures were the S-F McGill Pain Questionnaire and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale for chronic knee pain, activities measurement of daily living for activities of daily living, and living satisfaction measurement for living satisfaction. Data was analyzed through the SPSS Win 12.0. RESULTS: Chronic knee pain by S-F MPQ (t=43.563, p=.000) and chronic knee pain by AIMS (t=31.364, p=.000) were significantly decreased in the experimental group, and the activities of daily living (t=124.353, p=.000) and living satisfaction (t=71.268, p=.000) were significantly increased in the experimental group for Korean elderly women. CONCLUSION: Muscle electrical stimulation decreased chronic knee pain, and increased the activities of daily living and living satisfaction for Korean elderly women. Further studies for muscle electric stimulation need to be done.
*Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Attitude to Health ; Chronic Disease ; Electric Stimulation Therapy/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; *Knee Joint ; Korea ; Pain/*therapy ; Pain Measurement ; *Patient Satisfaction ; Women's Health

PURPOSE: This study was to examine factors related to depression of the elderly, and using them, to lay the ground for the development of nursing intervention. METHODS: This was a descriptive correlation study. The subjects were 581 elders aged over 65 from senior centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with SAS. RESULTS: The predictors of depression in the elderly were quality of life, moral, life satisfaction, self-esteem, loneliness, nonformal support, and perceived health state. Among them, quality of life was the most significant predictor in the elderly. These factors explained 72.2% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategies for decreasing depression in the elderly. To decrease the depression of the elderly, the above-mentioned major influencing factors should be considered.
Aged* ; Depression* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Loneliness ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Senior Centers ; Seoul ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study is to examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for male adult in rural areas. METHOD: Research design was nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The samples were 90 male adults(Experimental: 40, Control: 40) in a community. Measures were the number of cigarette smoking per day, dependency on nicotine, and need for smoking. Auricular acupressure therapy, experimental treatment was applied for 2 weeks, 2 times/week, 3 day/time. Data were collected from June 2005 to December 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square-test, were used for each aim of this study. RESULTS: The number of cigarette smoking per day (t=-13.230, p=.000), dependency on nicotine (t=-29.743, p=.000), and need for smoking (t=-19.799, p=.000) were significantly decreased in the experimental group by application of the auricular acupressure therapy. CONCLUSION: Auricular Acupressure Therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention on smoking cessation for male adults in rural areas through reverification by a study of repetition.
Acupressure* ; Adult* ; Humans ; Male* ; Nicotine ; Primary Nursing ; Research Design ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Therapies, Investigational

PURPOSE: This study is to examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for male adult in rural areas. METHOD: Research design was nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The samples were 90 male adults(Experimental: 40, Control: 40) in a community. Measures were the number of cigarette smoking per day, dependency on nicotine, and need for smoking. Auricular acupressure therapy, experimental treatment was applied for 2 weeks, 2 times/week, 3 day/time. Data were collected from June 2005 to December 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, chi-square-test, were used for each aim of this study. RESULTS: The number of cigarette smoking per day (t=-13.230, p=.000), dependency on nicotine (t=-29.743, p=.000), and need for smoking (t=-19.799, p=.000) were significantly decreased in the experimental group by application of the auricular acupressure therapy. CONCLUSION: Auricular Acupressure Therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention on smoking cessation for male adults in rural areas through reverification by a study of repetition.
Acupressure* ; Adult* ; Humans ; Male* ; Nicotine ; Primary Nursing ; Research Design ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation* ; Smoking* ; Therapies, Investigational

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the factors related to quality of life in elderly. METHODS: This was a descriptive correlation study. The subjects were 356 elderly over 65 years old. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with a SAS statistics. RESULTS: The predictors of quality of life in elderly were depression, life satisfaction, self esteem, economic state, family support, perceived health state, and age. These factors explained 71.9% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to improve quality of life in elderly. To improve the quality of life in elderly, the above major influencing factors should be considered.
Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Phenothiazines ; Quality of Life ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the factors related to quality of life in elderly. METHODS: This was a descriptive correlation study. The subjects were 356 elderly over 65 years old. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with a SAS statistics. RESULTS: The predictors of quality of life in elderly were depression, life satisfaction, self esteem, economic state, family support, perceived health state, and age. These factors explained 71.9% of the total variance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the need to develop nursing strategy to improve quality of life in elderly. To improve the quality of life in elderly, the above major influencing factors should be considered.
Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Phenothiazines ; Quality of Life ; Self Concept ; Statistics as Topic