1.LPS-stimulated Macrophage Activation Affects Endothelial Dysfunction.
Naehwan BAEK ; Sohyun SIM ; Kyung Sun HEO
Journal of Bacteriology and Virology 2018;48(1):23-30
Intestinal microbiota is involved in the atherosclerotic process by development of an atheromatous core with foam cells in carotid arteries. It has reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Escherichia coli localizes in human atherosclerotic plaque and causes inflammation via interaction with toll like receptor 4. However, there is no evidence that whether LPS-activated macrophages regulate endothelial cell (EC) function. We evaluated whether LPS-activated macrophage acts as one of the stimulants activating EC and its underlying signaling pathways. Using Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we confirmed that intraperitoneal injection with LPS increases iNOS protein and inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA expressions. To determine whether LPS-mediated macrophage inflammatory condition affects EC activation and inflammation, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with isolated peritoneal macrophages from LPS-injected mice. Interestingly, p90RSK Serine 380 phosphorylation and protein expression were significantly increased by macrophage treatment in EC. Messenger RNA levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and p90RSK was increased, but endothelial nitric oxide synthase was decreased. In addition, NF-κB promoter activity, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammation, was strongly enhanced by the macrophage treatment in EC. We further evaluated the effects of LPS on EC function in the mouse aorta using en face staining. In agreement with in vitro result, p90RSK expression was strongly increased in the steady laminar flow region of the mouse aorta in mice injected with LPS. Together, our study demonstrates that p90RSK might be a one of the major therapeutic candidates for the prevention of vascular diseases mediated by LPS.
Animals
;
Aorta
;
Atherosclerosis
;
Blotting, Western
;
Carotid Arteries
;
Endothelial Cells
;
Escherichia coli
;
Foam Cells
;
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
;
Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
;
Humans
;
In Vitro Techniques
;
Inflammation
;
Injections, Intraperitoneal
;
Interleukin-6
;
Macrophage Activation*
;
Macrophages*
;
Macrophages, Peritoneal
;
Mice
;
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
;
Phosphorylation
;
Plaque, Atherosclerotic
;
RNA, Messenger
;
Serine
;
Toll-Like Receptor 4
;
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
;
Vascular Diseases
2.Development of a campus-based intervention program to strengthen food literacy among university students: A qualitative formative study
Eunji KO ; Eunjin JANG ; Jiwon SIM ; Minjeong JEONG ; Sohyun PARK
Korean Journal of Community Nutrition 2023;28(6):495-508
Objectives:
This study aimed to develop a campus-based intervention program to enhance food literacy (FL) among university students.
Methods:
In the initial phase, we conducted a literature review of FL intervention studies and held in-depth interviews with university students to identify facilitators and barriers to improving and practicing FL. Expert counseling sessions were conducted with nutrition education, marketing, and service design professionals. The results of this phase led to the creation of an initial curriculum draft. In the second phase, a follow-up survey was conducted with young adults to assess the acceptability of the developed curriculum. After the follow-up survey, additional meetings were conducted with the aforementioned experts, and the curriculum was further refined based on their input.
Results:
An 11-week FL intervention program was devised using constructs from the Social Cognitive Theory. The weekly curriculum consisted of 90-min theory-based and 90-min hands-on experience sessions. Three primary aspects of FL were covered: nutrition and food safety, cultural and relational dimensions, and socio-ecological aspects. Program highlights included cooking sessions for crafting traditional Korean desserts, lectures on animal welfare, insights into zero-waste practices, and communal eating experiences. Based on the study team’s previous research, the program also addressed mindful eating, helping participants understand the relationship with their eating habits, and providing strategies to manage negative emotions without resorting to food. Yoga sessions and local farm visits were incorporated into the curriculum to promote holistic well-being.
Conclusions
This study elucidated the comprehensive process of creating a campus-based curriculum to enhance FL among university students, a group particularly susceptible to problematic eating behaviors and low FL levels. The developed program can serve as a blueprint for adaptation to other campuses seeking to bolster students’ FL.
3.The level of food literacy and its association with food intake and obesity status among Seoul citizens: results from Seoul Food Survey 2021
Hyelim YOO ; Eunbin JO ; Hyeongyeong LEE ; Eunji KO ; Eunjin JANG ; Jiwon SIM ; Kirang KIM ; Sohyun PARK
Nutrition Research and Practice 2023;17(5):945-958
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:
Food literacy (FL) is a crucial skill for selecting sustainable and healthy food options, necessitating the identification of vulnerable groups in the community using valid measurement tools. Identifying weak domains in FL is essential for enhancing the overall FL. This study examined the FL levels of Seoul citizens based on their sociodemographic characteristics and assessed the relationship between FL, food intake, and weight status.
SUBJECTS/METHODS:
This study utilized the data from the Seoul Food Survey, a crosssectional study employing representative samples of Seoul citizens. Data collection occurred from September to October 2021, with 4,039 citizens aged 18 yrs and above participating in face-to-face surveys. Thirty-three FL items were assessed, comprising 14 items in the nutrition and safety (NS) domain, eight items in the cultural and relational (CR) domain, and 11 items in the socio-ecological (SE) domain. In addition, data on food intake sufficiency and obesity status were collected. The descriptive statistics, t-tests, analysis of variance, and logistic regression analysis were used for analysis.
RESULTS:
Men, students, young adults, older citizens, and people experiencing food insecurity had the lowest scores for all the FL domains. The highest quartile group of NS scores had a higher probability of consuming adequate servings of vegetables and fruits, with significant linear trends observed (P for trend < 0.05). In all three FL domains, the odds ratio for obesity was significantly lower in the groups with high FL scores (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
A close relationship was observed between low FL, obesity, and food intake, even after controlling for other covariates. Vulnerable groups with low FL were also identified. Therefore, it is essential to develop programs to improve FL and the health and well-being of these groups.
4.Who has a high level of food literacy, and who does not?: a qualitative study of college students in South Korea
Hyelim YOO ; Eunbin JO ; Hyeongyeong LEE ; Eunji KO ; Eunjin JANG ; Jiwon SIM ; Sohyun PARK
Nutrition Research and Practice 2023;17(6):1155-1169
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:
Unhealthy food choices among young adults are common globally, and the incidence of chronic diseases, such as obesity, is rising. Food literacy (FL) is important for improving and maintaining individual health in a rapidly changing food environment and can form the basis for following a sustainable diet. Therefore, it is essential to improve FL among young adults, particularly college students, who are in the formative years of their lifelong food habits. This study examined the facilitators and barriers of FL and related dietary behavior among college students in South Korea.
SUBJECTS/METHODS:
This study recruited 25 college students with different residence types using convenience and snowball sampling. In-person, telephone, and video interviews were conducted from March to November 2021. The interview data were analyzed using framework analysis based on the socio-ecological model.
RESULTS:
At the individual level, prior good experiences with food were the most frequently mentioned facilitator. In contrast, the major barriers were a lack of knowledge, financial hardship, irregular schedules, and academic stress. At the interpersonal level, the influences of family and peers, such as early exposure to healthy eating habits and opportunities to have easy accessibility to farms and farming, are major facilitators, but the lack of a sense of community was the major barrier. At the environmental level, the major barriers were unfavorable food environments at home and in neighborhoods, such as the absence of kitchens in housing and large packaging of produce at markets.
CONCLUSIONS
Many factors affected the students’ FL and related healthy eating practices.These findings suggest that a campus-based FL program should be developed by reflecting on these facilitators and barriers.
5.Level of happiness and its association with food literacy among Seoul citizens: results from Seoul Food Survey 2021
Hyelim YOO ; Eunbin JO ; Hyeongyeong LEE ; Eunji KO ; Eunjin JANG ; Jiwon SIM ; Sohyun PARK
Nutrition Research and Practice 2024;18(1):119-131
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:
Happiness is an important factor in life, and food literacy (FL) has been emphasized as a core concept for a happy and healthy life. This study examined the level of happiness of Seoul citizens according to their sociodemographic factors and their association with FL.
SUBJECTS/METHODS:
This study used the data from the Seoul Food Survey, a cross-sectional study conducted on 4,039 Seoul citizens from September to October 2021. FL was measured using a validated questionnaire consisting of 33 items from 3 sub-domains: 14 items in the nutrition and safety domain, 8 items in the cultural and relational domain, and 11 items in the socio-ecological domain. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics and multivariate regression analysis.
RESULTS:
Various sociodemographic factors, such as household income, subjective health status, and food insecurity, were found to be associated with the level of happiness. The level of FL was also associated with the happiness scores. After adjusting for variables associated with happiness, the participants with the highest quartile FL scores were 7.32 times more likely to respond that they were happy than those with the lowest FL score. Three FL domains and total FL showed linear increases in overall happiness after controlling for subjective health status and sociodemographic factors (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
After adjusting for the related covariates, higher levels of FL were associated with higher scores in happiness. Based on this study, it would be meaningful to evaluate ways to intervene in FL to improve the level of happiness among the general population.