Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on Predictors of depression in disability with hearing impairment. Methods: Data from the secondary data (The 2014 National Survey of the Disabled Persons) were obtained, and subjects of hearing impaired 190,323 who responded certainly yes or no answer to the question were selected. x2 and t-test analysis were used to compare the potential predictors between depression and non-depression group. Significant factors were entered in Logistic regression analysis to identify the predictors of depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 5.7% (n=10,769) in disability with hearing impairment. Life satisfaction, go out alone, subjective economic status, medical examination, level of disability, disability aids from social services, satisfaction of leisure activities, awareness of discrimination, disability awareness in healthcare provider, hearing aids use and age were shown significant differences in depression and non-depression. Life satisfaction (OR=11.04 [10.20~11.96]) and go out alone (OR=3.52 [3.22~3.83]) were found to be the most influential risk factors for depression in disability with hearing impairment. Conclusion To prevent depression in disability with hearing impairment, affected factors such as life and leisure activities satisfaction, level of physical dependence, economic status, hearing aids, and social inequalities should be monitored.

Objectives: In this study, we suggest a Korean NOVA food classification that can be applied to food consumption among Korean. Based on this suggestion, the nutritional intake of Korean adults from ultra-processed foods (UPFs) was estimated. Methods: Korean commercial food was categorized based on the NOVA food classification criteria through the Korea Food Code and expert meetings. Then, the nutrient intake status of 6,991 participants in the 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed according to the food processing level. Then, 4,152 adult participants (age 19-65) were divided into quartiles on the basis of their intake of UPFs, and the nutrient intakes from UPFs were compared. Results: Korean NOVA Food Classification defines with priority Group I (Unprocessed/ Minimally processed foods) and Group II (Processed culinary ingredients) foods based on the food cooking or consumption. Then, Group III (Processed foods) and Group IV (UPFs) are classified according to whether the characteristics of the raw materials used are maintained or whether the food was consumed before the 1970s. Our analysis results showed that most of the calories in the diet were consumed by Group I (52.7%), followed by Group IV (29.3%). After categorization of the adult participants into four groups according to their energy consumption from UPFs, we found that the highest consumption group (Q4) was younger and had higher percentage of men than women. The comparative analysis of the consumption of ultra-processed foods by Korean adults revealed that participants of a younger age and men consumed higher energy from UPFs than older participants and women, respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the larger intake of UPFs was associated with an increasing trend for a higher intake of energy, sugar, saturated fat (P for trend < 0.001), total fat (P for trend = 0.021), and sodium (P for trend = 0.005), whereas the intake of carbohydrate, protein, and dietary fiber had a decreasing trend (P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions With the current increase in the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods, it is important to carefully consider not only nutrient intake but also the level of food processing.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors that affect the dietary behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by examining their sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes-related characteristics, and treatment self-regulation. Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between August and September 2019 at the Hypertension and Diabetes Registration Management Center in South Korea. Data were collected from 109 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis. Results: Among the investigated variables(nutrition education experience, the number of nutrition education sessions, alcohol consumption, autonomous motivation, externally controlled motivation, and amotivation), the number of nutrition education sessions (β=.19, p=.041), alcohol consumption (yes) (β=-.22, p=.014), and autonomous motivation (β=.21, p=.029) influenced patients’ dietary behavior. These factors explained approximately 12% of the total variance. Conclusion To improve the dietary behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes, it is crucial to boost their motivation, implement policies on alcohol consumption, and provide ongoing education on nutrition tailored to their needs.

OBJECTIVES: Understanding changes in food sufficiency within various demographic groups during emergency situations, such as the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, is crucial in formulating public health policies for future preparedness. This study investigated potential differences between urban and rural residents in food sufficiency trends during the COVID-19 pandemic and examined how these changes varied according to socio-demographic factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 19,724 adults aged 20 years and older, utilizing information from the 7th-8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2018-2021). RESULTS: In urban areas, across all subpopulations, food sufficiency improved significantly during the COVID-19 period relative to pre-pandemic levels (p<0.001). However, in rural regions, a significant increase in food sufficiency during the COVID-19 era was observed only among female, with an odds ratio of 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.89). Nevertheless, no significant interaction terms were found between region and various socio-demographic factors regarding changes in food sufficiency during the COVID-19 period. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 pandemic, food sufficiency among urban residents improved compared to the pre-pandemic era, whereas their rural counterparts saw no such improvement. Additionally, no significant interaction was detected between urban versus rural areas and changes in food sufficiency during the COVID-19 period. These findings indicate the need for targeted food policies to prepare for potential future pandemics, particularly in rural areas, where food sufficiency did not improve.

Purpose: The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of depression in individuals with fecal incontinence (FI) and the relationship between the symptoms of depression and the severity of objective test parameters. Methods: Patients with FI for over 3 months were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were (1) diagnosis or treatment of the pelvic organ prolapse syndrome, (2) previous anorectal surgery, (3) inflammatory bowel disease, (4) previous diagnosis of psychiatric disorder, and (5) inability to read or understand the questionnaire themselves. The questionnaire included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) for measuring depression, and 142 patients were included for analysis. Results: Of the 142 patients, 34 were males and 108 were females, with a mean age of 67.8 years. The mean duration of FI symptoms was 38.36 months (range, 3–600 months). The mean Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score and BDI-II were 11.96 ± 4.76 and 12.46 ± 9.84, respectively. The Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score showed a positive correlation with the BDI-II score (P = 0.005). Of the 142 patients, 99 showed minimal to mild BDI-II scores, and 43 showed moderate-to-severe BDI-II scores. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that health insurance status was related to the depression in FI patients. Conclusion Mood disorders related to FI are more affected by the severity of the subjective symptoms or the surrounding environment than the objective indicators derived from the test.

Purpose: The study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of depression in individuals with fecal incontinence (FI) and the relationship between the symptoms of depression and the severity of objective test parameters. Methods: Patients with FI for over 3 months were included in the study. The exclusion criteria were (1) diagnosis or treatment of the pelvic organ prolapse syndrome, (2) previous anorectal surgery, (3) inflammatory bowel disease, (4) previous diagnosis of psychiatric disorder, and (5) inability to read or understand the questionnaire themselves. The questionnaire included the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) for measuring depression, and 142 patients were included for analysis. Results: Of the 142 patients, 34 were males and 108 were females, with a mean age of 67.8 years. The mean duration of FI symptoms was 38.36 months (range, 3–600 months). The mean Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score and BDI-II were 11.96 ± 4.76 and 12.46 ± 9.84, respectively. The Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score showed a positive correlation with the BDI-II score (P = 0.005). Of the 142 patients, 99 showed minimal to mild BDI-II scores, and 43 showed moderate-to-severe BDI-II scores. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that health insurance status was related to the depression in FI patients. Conclusion Mood disorders related to FI are more affected by the severity of the subjective symptoms or the surrounding environment than the objective indicators derived from the test.

Purpose: The effect of prehabilitation in patients with frailty undergoing colorectal cancer surgery remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of prehabilitation before colorectal surgery on the functional outcomes and postoperative complications in patients with frailty undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published up to November 9, 2022. We included randomized and non-randomized trials in which the effects of prehabilitation in patients with frailty undergoing colorectal cancer surgery were investigated against a control group. Data extracted for our metaanalysis included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), postoperative incidence of complications (Clavien-Dindo classification ≥IIIa), comprehensive complication index (CCI), and length of stay (LOS) in the hospital. Results: Compared with the control group, we found a significant improvement in the incidence of postoperative complications and shorter LOS in the hospital in the prehabilitation group. However, the 6MWT and CCI results showed no significant differences between the 2 groups. Conclusion Prehabilitation in patients with frailty who underwent colorectal cancer surgery improved the incidence of postoperative complications and LOS in the hospital. Hence, clinicians should consider conducting or recommending prehabilitation exercises prior to colorectal cancer surgery in patients with frailty.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of low sodium diet education program on dietary habits, diet quality, and measures of obesity in overweight or obese middle-aged women. METHODS: Subjects were 81 individuals aged 45 years or over, who completed an 8-week nutrition education. The subjects were divided into a normal group (N = 30) and an overweight-obese group (N = 51) according to the BMI. The effects were evaluated by anthropometric measurement, biochemical analysis, questionnaire, and diet records before and after the program. RESULTS: Overweight-obese group showed significant decreases in weight (p < 0.0001), BMI (p < 0.0001), percent of body fat (p = 0.0087), waist circumference (p < 0.0001), systolic (p = 0.0003) and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.0261). Nutrients intakes were not different between the two groups and only sodium intake was decreased after education. Total score of general dietary habits, dietary behavior related to sodium intake, dietary diversity score (DDS), diet variety score (DVS), and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) were improved in both groups compared to the baseline. Overweight-obese group showed significant improvement in 'having fruits everyday', 'having fish everyday', 'trying to eat many kinds of food', 'eating less broth when eating soup, stew, and noodles', 'eating less kimchi and salt-fermented vegetable', and 'propensity to think that dishes should be pretty seasoned'. In addition, moderation of empty calories food (p = 0.0064) and macronutrient ratio (p = 0.0004) were improved in the overweigh-obese group, but in the normal group, the results did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that low sodium diet education program may contribute to obesity management by improving diet quality and dietary habits in middle-aged women.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Pressure ; Diet Records ; Diet* ; Diet, Sodium-Restricted* ; Eating ; Education* ; Female ; Food Habits* ; Fruit ; Humans ; Obesity* ; Overweight* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sodium ; Waist Circumference

Dietary habit of excess sodium consumption is formed mainly by excessive salt intake from the younger age and this may lead to hypertension, stroke, and stomach cancer. This study was performed to estimate the salt content in kindergarten meals and provide basic data on meal providers' dietary attitude to sodium intake for nutrition education. We collected data on161 food items from 16 institutions in Gyeonggi-do and salt content was calculated from salinity and weight of individual food items. The average salt content from lunch meals was 2.2 g, which was about daily adequate intake of sodium for children aged 3 to 5 years old. Greatest contributor to the salt content in a meal was soup and stew (47.8%). The most salty dishes were sauces and kimchi followed by stir-fried food, deep-fried food, braised food, and grilled food. The salt content was higher in soup and stew despite of low salinity, due to the large quantity per serving. The salt contents of soups and kimchi were 40.6% and 14.3%, respectively of the total salt content in dish groups. Staff members and caregivers at home who prepared food for the child showed preference for one-dish rice meal, dried fish and salted mackerel, and broth when eating soup, stew, and noodles. Caregivers showed higher sodium index score and had higher preference for processed food such as Ramen, canned food, and ham compared with staff members (p < 0.05). These results suggested that monitoring salt content of kindergarten meals and nutrition education for those prepare meals for children are needed to lower sodium intake in childhood.
Caregivers ; Child ; Eating ; Education ; Food Habits ; Food, Preserved ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lunch* ; Meals* ; Perciformes ; Salinity ; Sodium* ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Stroke

Purpose: Data regarding the association between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and preclinical atherosclerosis in childhood are lacking. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a noninvasive method used to assess cardiovascular risk. This study examined the relationships among cIMT, metabolic phenotypes, and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: Anthropometric, biochemical, and cIMT data were collected. The study participants were categorized as MHO or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) based on insulin resistance. CMRFs were assessed using blood pressure (BP); levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose; or a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Differences in cIMT values were evaluated according to the metabolic phenotype and factors associated with cIMT. Results: Among the 111 participants (80 boys, 72.1%), 23 (20.7%) were classified as MHO and 88 (79.3%) as MUO. The MHO group exhibited lower glycated hemoglobin and triglyceride levels and higher HDL-C levels compared to those exhibited by the MUO group (all P<0.01). The cIMT values did not differ significantly between the MHO and MUO groups. The high cIMT tertile group revealed higher systolic BP compared to that exhibited by the low cIMT tertile group (123.7±2.1 mmHg vs. 116.9±1.6 mmHg, P=0.028). Mean cIMT was positively correlated with age (β=0.009) and body mass index (BMI) (β=0.033) after adjusting for covariates (both P<0.05). Conclusion In overweight and obese Korean adolescents, cIMT was associated with age and BMI but not with metabolic phenotype or CMRFs. Further research is warranted to determine the relationship between cIMT during adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes during adulthood.