Purpose: : This study aimed to comprehensively understand the work experience of the person in charge of the adequacy evaluation of small-and medium-sized hospitals and explore its meaning and essence in-depth. Methods: : This was a descriptive qualitative study. The study participants were 10 nurses who understood the purpose of this study and participated voluntarily. Data collection was conducted via in-depth interviews in January 2021. The interviews were conducted 1-2 times per participant and lasted approximately 40-50 minutes per session. Data analysis was performed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: : The work experience of the person in charge of the adequacy evaluation of small-and medium-sized hospitals included four themes: “difficulty in preparing for evaluation,” “negative views on evaluation,” “lack of a support system,” and “positive improvements and changes due to an evaluation.” Conclusion : Based on the above results, an education program and support system should be developed to strengthen the competence of nurses in charge of the adequacy evaluation of small- and medium-sized hospitals.

Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the mediating effect of social responsibility on the relationship between nurses' stress and burnout from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in tertiary general hospitals. Methods: For this descriptive cross-sectional study, online survey data from 193 nurses in three tertiary general hospitals were analyzed. Data were collected from March 30 to April 4, 2021. The following statistical analysis were conducted: t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, and Hayes Process Macro Model 4 (to test the mediating effect). Results: COVID-19 stress was positively associated with burnout (r=.28, p<.001) and social responsibility (r=.22, p=.002). Social responsibility was negatively associated with burnout (r=-.31, p<.001). Furthermore, the mediation analysis indicated that social responsibility mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stress and burnout. Conclusion According to the results, the impact of COVID-19 stress on the burnout was mediated by social responsibility. Therefore, to prevent the burnout from COVID-19 of nurses, developing educational programs to enhance social responsibility are recommended.

Ischemia can cause decreased cerebral neurovascular coupling, leading to a failure in the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. This study aims to investigate the effect of varying degrees of ischemia on cerebral hemodynamic reactivity using in vivo real-time optical imaging. We utilized direct cortical stimulation to elicit hyper-excitable neuronal activation, which leads to induced hemodynamic changes in both the normal and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemic stroke groups. Hemodynamic measurements from optical imaging accurately predict the severity of occlusion in mild and severe MCAO animals. There is neither an increase in cerebral blood volume nor in vessel reactivity in the ipsilateral hemisphere (I.H) of animals with severe MCAO. The pial artery in the contralateral hemisphere (C.H) of the severe MCAO group reacted more slowly than both hemispheres in the normal and mild MCAO groups. In addition, the arterial reactivity of the I.H in the mild MCAO animals was faster than the normal animals. Furthermore, artery reactivity is tightly correlated with histological and behavioral results in the MCAO ischemic group. Thus, in vivo optical imaging may offer a simple and useful tool to assess the degree of ischemia and to understand how cerebral hemodynamics and vascular reactivity are affected by ischemia.
Animals ; Arteries ; Blood Volume ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Hemodynamics* ; Homeostasis ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Ischemia ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Neurons ; Neurovascular Coupling ; Optical Imaging ; Rodentia* ; Stroke