BACKGROUND: Due to the irreversible nature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the treatment aim in patients with COPD is not to cure but to reduce the symptoms, increase lung function, and improve the quality of life. It has been suggested that depression is a common emotional disturbance in patients with COPD who are faced with a major physical impairment and embarrassing symptoms. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk factors of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 59 patients with a registered diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were selected. Depression was assessed using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The quality of life was assessed using the Korean version of the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of depression was 17.0%. In the correlation model, the interaction of the FEV1% over predicted value and SGRQ score(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) was statistically significant. The interaction of the FEV1% over predicted value and depression scale(CES-D) was also statistically significant. There was a positive correlation between the SGRQ scores(symptom, activity, impact, overall score) and the depression scale. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is relatively high. The pulmonary function and the living standards were found to be significant risk factors for depression.
Affective Symptoms ; Depression ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Lung ; Prevalence ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the characteristics of P300 generators in obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) patients by using voxel-based statistical parametric mapping of current density images. METHODS: P300 generators, produced by a rare target tone of 1500Hz under a frequent non-target tone of 1,000Hz, were measured in 15 right-handed OCD patients and 15 controls. Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography(LORETA), using a realistic head model of the boundary element method based on individual MRI, was applied to the 128-channel EEG. Statistical parametric mapping(SPM) was applied for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: We found that both groups had the mean current density of P300 in the parietal, temporal and prefrontal lobe. There was a trend for decreased current density in the prefrontal area in OCD patients. The statistical comparison showed current density increase in the supraparietal area, a statistically significant longer P300 latency and a trend for reduced P300 amplitude in OCD patients. CONCLUSION: It suggests that P300 source of both groups exists in multiple brain regions at the same time. And both groups had no statistically significant differences in the current density of P300 except for increased current density in the supraparietal area in OCD patients. But, considering the statistically significant longer P300 latency, a trend for reduced P300 amplitude and relative mean current density reduction in the prefrontal area in OCD patients, this study suggests that the frontal lobe may have a reduced normal inhibitory process in OCD patients.
Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Frontal Lobe ; Head ; Humans ; Insulator Elements ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnets ; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder* ; Rabeprazole

Ulcerative colitis is a diffuse inflammatory disease which is characterized by the vascular congestion and superficial ulcerations in the mucosal and the submucosal layers of the rectum and colon. Extraintestinal manifestations such as arthritis, skin lesion, hepatobiliary and ocular diseases occur in a large number of patients with ulcerative colitis, though gastrointestinal symptoms of mucous and bloody stool, diarrhea and abdominal pain are frequently presented. The association of ulcerative colitis and hepatobiliary disease has been frequently reported in the western countries since the first description by Thomas C.H. in 1874. Fatty degeneration, chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatobiliary carcinoma are included in this list of complications. In the case of hepatobiliary carcinoma, however, the histological diagnosis has almost invariably been cholangiocarcinoma. We report a case of clinical ulcerative colitis with coneurrent hepatocellular carcinoma confirmed by the histologic examination of biopsy specimen in a 49 year old man with the relevant literatures.
Abdominal Pain ; Arthritis ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; Cholangitis, Sclerosing ; Colitis, Ulcerative* ; Colon ; Diagnosis ; Diarrhea ; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP) ; Fibrosis ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Rectum ; Skin ; Ulcer*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We attempted to investigate the prognosis of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRC) patients who underwent curative surgery by comparing them with age-, sex-, and stage-matched non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (NMAC) patients. METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2011, 19 patients with primary SRC of the colorectum underwent curative surgery. Four SRC patients under the age of 40 were excluded, and the clinicopathological data of 15 patients (7 men; median age, 56 years) were reviewed and compared with the data of 75 NMAC patients matched by age, sex, and pathologic stage. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 30.1 months for the SRC group and 43.7 months for the NMAC group (P=0.141). Involvement of the left side of the colon (73.3% vs. 26.7%, P=0.003) and infiltrative lesions such as Borrmann types 3 and 4 (85.7% vs. 24.0%, P=0.001) were more common in the SRC group than in the NMAC group. The five-year overall survival rate was significantly lower for patients with SRC than for those with NMAC (46.0% vs. 88.7%, hazard ratio, 6.99; 95% confidence interval, 2.33-20.95, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with even resectable primary colorectal SRC had a poorer prognosis than age-, sex-, and stage-matched colorectal NMAC patients.
Adenocarcinoma ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis* ; Survival Rate

Background/Aims: The risk for colonoscopic postpolypec-tomy bleeding (PPB) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) remains unclear. We determined the incidence and risk factors for colonoscopic PPB in patients with CLD, espe-cially those with liver cirrhosis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with CLD who un-derwent colonoscopic polypectomy at Seoul National Univer-sity Hospital between 2011 and 2014. The study endpoints were immediate and delayed PPB. Results: A total of 1,267 consecutive patients with CLD were included in the study. Im-mediate PPB occurred significantly more often in the ChildPugh (CP) B or C cirrhosis group (17.5%) than in the CP-A (6.3%) and chronic hepatitis (4.6%) groups (p<0.001). More-over, the incidence of delayed PPB in the CP-B or C cirrhosis group (4.4%) was significantly higher than that in the CP-A (0.7%) and chronic hepatitis (0.2%) groups (p<0.001). The independent risk factors for immediate PPB were CP-B or C cirrhosis (p=0.011), a platelet count <50,000/μL (p<0.001), 3 or more polyps (p=0.017), endoscopic mucosal resection or submucosal dissection (p<0.001), and polypectomy per-formed by trainees (p<0.001). The independent risk factors for delayed PPB were CP-B or C cirrhosis (p=0.009), and pol-yps >10 mm in size (p=0.010). Conclusions Patients with CP-B or C cirrhosis had an increased risk for bleeding fol-lowing colonoscopic polypectomy.